1

of existence, then he sees, and all causes (hetu) vanish.

80.

When the Brahmana has reached the other shore of existence, then he sees, and all attachment (yoga) vanishes.

81.

When the Brahmana has reached the other shore of existence, then he leaves behind him birth, old age, and death.

82 (387, 1st part).

The sun shines by day, the moon shines by night, the suit of armour of the king doth shine,2 the Brahmana shines in his meditation.

83 (387, 2d part).

The sun shines by day, the moon shines by night, continually, day and night, does the luminous (form of the) Buddha shine.

84.

As Brahmanas and the like have left behind everything that is disagreeable, as my mind has consequently left behind (all passions), I have truly put an end to all pettiness.3

85.

When the ardent, meditative Brahmana has perfectly understood the (different) conditions (dharma) and their causes (the twelve nidânas), and when these ideas have

become perfectly clear to him, then he casts away every particle of perplexity.

86.

When the ardent, meditative Brâhmana has perfectly understood suffering and its cause, and when this idea (dharma) has become perfectly clear to him, then he casts away every particle of perplexity.

87.

When the ardent, meditative Brahmana has discovered the destruction of sensation (vedanâ), and when this idea has become perfectly clear to him, then he casts away every particle of perplexity.

88.

When the ardent, meditative Brâhmana has discovered the cessation of all causes (hetu), and (when) this idea has become perfectly clear to him, then he casts away every particle of perplexity.1

89.

When the ardent, meditative Brahmana has discovered the cessation of sinfulness (âsravas), and when this idea has become perfectly clear to him, then he casts away every particle of perplexity.

90.

When to the ardent, meditative Brâhmana all these ideas have become perfectly clear, he stands lighting up all the worlds (or the whole world) as the sun illuminates the sky.

91.

When to the ardent, meditative Brâhmana, who by

1 Comp. Mahâvagga, i. 1, 5.

knowledge has become emancipated from all attachment (yoga), all these ideas have become perfectly clear, he stands, having dispelled the hosts of Mâra (like the sun that illuminates the sky ?).1

Chapter on the Brahmana, the Thirty-third.

The Udânavarga compiled by Dharmatrâta is finished. Translated (into Tibetan) by the Indian Pandit Vidyaprabhakara 2 and the Lotsâva Bande-rin-tchen-mtchog; revised and arranged by the corrector, the Lotsâva Bandedpal-brtsegs.

1 These last two verses are to be found condensed into one in the Mahâvagga, i. I, 7. P. says that the last seven verses were spoken by Bhagavat "while sitting crosslegged at the foot of the Bodhi tree uninterruptedly for seven days," &c. The account he gives is exactly the same as that given in the Mahâvagga.

2 According to the text of the seventy-first volume of the Bstanhgyur, and also Schmidt's Index der Kandjur, pp. 42, 46, and 50,

his name is Vidyakaraprabha, and this, I think, is the correct reading. In the seventy-first volume of the Bst., at the end of the text of the Udâna, I find the following note: "This (work) contains 1540 çlokas." I am unable to explain this, unless we consider a çloka as composed of four lines, each one separated by a tchad, in the prose parts as well as in the versified ones, and in that case we might possibly be able to divide the text into about that number of çlokas.

APPENDIX.

Verse 5, ch. i. p. 2.

“Those pigeon-coloured bones,” &c.

THERE were at Çravasti some newly-ordained Bhixus who were given to anger, to dress, to wearing jewels, &c., considering the body of paramount importance and caring nought for reading and hearing (the Scriptures). Bhagavat, on account of their sinfulness, went with them into a cemetery. It happened that at that time the bones of five hundred robbers had been cast away there. Bhagavat, drawing nigh, spoke as follows: "Look, Bhixus; may these bones of the dead fill you with awe, and teach you to shun regeneration, and to see the value of worldly goods."

Verse 21, ch. i. p. 4.

"It is the law of humanity," &c.

A sea-captain had gone to sea for the seventh time, and had gathered together many jewels, &c., but a short time after he had reached his home with all this shining heap, he died. The king then confiscated all his widow's treasures, and she died shortly afterwards through grief (at her loss), and this was the origin (nidâna) of this gâtha.