13.

The reward of virtue is happiness; he who has made this his goal will speedily find perfect rest and nirvâņa.1

14.

There is nothing by which men can harm them who are virtuous; they from the world of the gods and of Mâra are not able to hurt them.

15.

He who, to put an end to misery, applies himself diligently to the acquirement of righteousness and knowledge, shall enjoy (it) through supernatural sight (vipaçyana).

16.

He who delights in the law 2 with a truly believing mind, finds happiness; the sage always delights in the law that has been taught by the elect.

17, 18.

They whose minds delight in contemplation (dhyana),3 who delight in no created thing, who delight in the four modes of arranging the memory, in the seven branches of the Bodhi, in the four bases of performing miracles,5 in the eightfold way, they wear the garment of the law and are happy in living on alms.

19.

They move about in peace on mountains and in forests; they are happy in finding happiness, and leave sorrow behind in the perception of the law (nirvâna). He has

1 This verse occurs with a slight variation in Vasubandhu's Gâthâsamgraha, No. 17. See Mel. Asiat., viii. pp. 564, 568, and Appendix. 2 Law means the truth concerning suffering."-P.

as synonymous of samâdhi and sgompa (meditation).

4 Tchatuh smrityupasthâna. See Burnouf, Intr., p. 626 et seq.

5

Ridhipada; ; see Trig., fol. 17; Burnouf, loc. cit., p. 625, and Chil

The Commentary considers this ders, s. v. "Iddhipado.”

left behind hatred and fear, and has crossed over from worldly existence.

20.

To hear the law, to perceive the law, and to delight in seclusion, is happiness; to all living beings in the world to comprehend the complete cessation of death is happi- .

ness.

21.

To abandon desires, to be free of the passions of the world, is happiness; to subdue the selfish thought of "I" is the greatest happiness.

22 (333).

To be virtuous unto old age is happiness; to live in perfect faith is happiness; to delight in words of sense is happiness; to do no evil is happiness.

23 (332).

Happy in this world is he who honours his father,1 so likewise he who honours his mother is happy; happy in this world he who honours Cramanas, so likewise he who honours Brahmanas is happy.

24 (194).

The arising of a Buddha is happiness, the teaching of the law is happiness, the harmony of the clergy is happiness, the devotion (tapas) of those who are united is happiness.

25.

'Tis happiness to see a virtuous man; to see one who has heard much is happiness; to see Arhats who are delivered from existence is happiness.

1 Phar hdsin pa, "to agree completely with one's father is a source of great merit, and much to be

praised." - P. Cf. Max Müller's translation.

26.

'Tis happiness to reach the shore of the river of happiness; happy the being who has the triumph of the law (ie., who has attained purity); to obtain wisdom is happiness; to put an end to selfishness is happiness.

27 (206).

To see the elect is happiness; to associate with the righteous is happiness; not to see fools is always happiness.1

28 (207).

'Tis as great suffering to be in the company of fools as in that of enemies; he who associates with fools will repent him of it for a long time.

29 (193).

An omniscient person 2 is hard to find; he does not appear everywhere: 'tis happiness to associate with the steadfast, like unto meeting one's kinsmen; wherever such a steadfast person is born, that people finds happi

ness.

30.

The Brahmanas who have left sorrow behind, find most perfect happiness; he who has divested himself of desires, who is without âsravas, is perfectly free.

31.

They who have destroyed all desires, who have cleansed their hearts of all cankers, their minds bring them peace, and in peace there is happiness.

32 (290).

If the steadfast man seeks for great happiness, and

1 Verses 21-27 are taken from the Introduction of the Pratimoxa. See Dulva, ix. f. 3a.

2

Çariputra was receiving great

marks of respect, the crowds were
decorating the roads, &c.-P.
3 Such as anger, hatred, &c.-P.

would give up little happiness, let him cast away the little happiness and look well to the great one.1

33.

Worldly happiness and happiness in the region of the gods is not worth the sixteenth part of the happiness (resulting) from the destruction of desires.

34.

If one has been miserable under the weight of his burden,2 'tis happiness to cast it down; if one has cast down his heavy load, he will not in future take up another.

35.

He who has put an end to all attachment, who has cast away all affection, who perfectly understands all the skandhas, will not be subject to any subsequent existence.

36.

To associate with those who bring one great profit is happiness; to be virtuous in the different circumstances of life is happiness; to be satisfied with no matter how mean a pittance is happiness; to put an end to all suffering is happiness.

37.

By beating with a hammer the iron that has been burnt with fire it is finally destroyed; in like manner is the unwise man done away with.

1 In the country of Verashâna (Viraçâna? See Stan. Julien, Siyu-ki, Book iv. p. 235), a sthavira called Sinha had died. His disciple (sekhas) said to the Bhixus who had come thither, "Honour my master (upâdhyâya) who has passed away, for he (has gone to) great wealth." Bhagavat hearing that (Sinha) had left behind every remnant of the skandhas, &c., went that way, and having heard

the request (of the disciple), he said, "Your upâdhyâya is enjoying to its full extent the happiness of the land of the three dhyanas, where he has been born."—P.

2 The skandhas. There may have been in the original some pun on the word skandha (phung-po), "heap, accumulation." and the following one were spoken on the same occasion to teach the Bhixus what "burden" meant.-P.

This verse

38.

He who, having forded the miry stream of desire, has found the unchanging place (amatam padam, nirvâņa), there is nothing that will hold back that being who has (found) perfect emancipation.

39.

He whom nothing agitates, who has left existence and not existence, free of terror, happy and without sorrow, even the gods on seeing (his happiness) cannot comprehend its (extent).

40..

In this world to hear much of the law and to comprehend it, nothing is so great a happiness! Man is filled with love for his body, and see how little it takes to destroy it!1

42

He who has understood that there is nothing commendable in the human condition, will have the happiness of never being subject to birth; man is filled with love for his body, and see how little it takes to destroy it!

43.

While it is misery to be in subjection to another, to be one's own master is great happiness; 'tis hard to cast off attachment, and to put an end to the source of all troubles.

1 This verse and the next one were spoken on the following occasion. King Prasenajit had ordered for a limited time (gtan-pa med-pa) a distribution of melted butter and sesame oil (tila); no one was to carry any home, but he was allowed for a short space of time to partake of as much as he liked. A parivradjaka, his wife having brought forth a child, required

some grease; so he went to the hall, and after having drunk a great quantity of melted butter, he started for his home. "My wife will be well satisfied," he thought; but the quantity of butter he had drunk could not be digested, and he fell (dead?) in the street. Ananda told the event to Bhagavat, &c.—P. Ver. 41 is omitted as being a repetition of ver. 40.