1. Κόρη γράφει. 2. Γράφετε. 3. Γράφομεν. 4. Χαίρεις. 5. Νεανίας χαίρει. 6. Χαίρομεν. 7. Κλέ9. Πολίτης δικάζει.

πτης κλέπτει.

10. Δικάζετε.

8. Δικάζομεν.

II.

1. They are playing. 2. A youth is playing.

3.

A pupil is reading. 4. You are reading. 5. A soldier is fleeing. 6. They are fleeing. 7. I advise. 8. We advise.

LESSON V.

First Declension.

60. Nouns in Greek are declined in three different ways, and are accordingly divided into three Declensions.

61. In any noun, of whatever declension,

1) The root may be found by dropping the ending of the genitive singular.

2) The several cases may be formed by adding to this root the proper endings.

62. Nouns of the First Declension present the following

NOMINATIVE ENDINGS:-a and n, feminine; as and ns, masculine.

63. They are declined by adding to the root the following

Ἡ νίκη.

PARADIGMS.

Ἡ πεῖρα. Ἡ Μοῦσα. Ο πολίτης. Ο νεανίας.

The victory. The attempt. The Muse. The citizen. The youth.

64. In the above Paradigms observe:

1) That in the Dual and Plural they are all declined precisely alike.

2) That πeîpa retains its final a throughout the singular, as νίκη does the η.

3) That Μούσα in its declension differs from πεῖρα only in changing a into η in the Gen. and Dat. Sing.

4) That νεανίας differs from πολίτης only in having a in Dat. and Acc. Sing., while the

latter has η.

65. Nouns in a, preceded by p, e, or ɩ, retain the a throughout the singular, like πείρα, while other nouns in a have the Gen. and Dat. in ηs and n, like Μούσα.

ης

66. Most nouns in 7s have the Voc. Sing. in a like πολίτης. This is true of

sion.

1) All nouns in της : e. g. ἐργάτης, a laborer, Voc. ἐργάτα.

2) Verbal compounds in ns: e. g. yewμétpns (yî, earth, and μeтpéw, to measure), a geometer, Voc. γεωμέτρα.

3) National names in ŋs: e. g. Σkúlŋs, Scythian, Voc. Σκύθα. Other nouns in ys have the

ης

Voc. in 7: e. g. IIépons (proper name),
Perses, Voc. Пépon.

67. Quantity of Final Syllables in First Declen

(1) Final a is long, except in the Nom. and Voc. Sing. of nouns whose genitive is in ŋs (and a few others), and in the Voc. of nouns in ŋs.

digms.)

(See Para

(2) Final as is always long in this declension. (3) Final av takes the quantity of the nominative.

68. Accentuation.

(1) The syllable which has the accent in the nominative retains it throughout all the cases, except 1) In the Gen. Plur., which takes the circumflex on the ultimate.

2) When the acute stands on the antepenult in the nominative, it must be removed to the penult in those cases which have a long ultimate: e. g. Xéaiva, a lioness, Gen. Xeal

νης.

(2) Inflection may, however, change the character of the accent, as follows, viz.:

1) The acute on the ultimate of the Nom. becomes the circumflex in the Gen., and Dat. of all numbers : e. g. τιμή, τιμῆς.

2) The acute on a penult long by naturet becomes the circumflex when the ultimate

is shortened : e. g. πολίτης, πολῖτα, πολῖ

3) The circumflex on the penult of the Nom. becomes the acute when the ultimate is lengthened : e. g. Μοῦσα, Μούσης.

LESSON VI.

First Declension, continued.

69. The Greek language, like the English, has a definite article, which is so often used with substantives that its declension must be given at the outset.

* The endings at and or are regarded as short in accentuation.

† i. e. by the natural quantity of its vowel, independently of position.