'H

1) By an objective modifier, e. g. :

Ἡ τῆς σοφίας ἐπιθυμία | The desire for wisdom acὑμᾶς παροξύνει. tuates us.

REM. This modifier has been very properly called the objective genitive; though some grammarians regard it as merely attributive. It will be readily seen that rŷs σopías, in the above example, expresses no attribute of emisvμía (desire); it says nothing of the character or qualities of that desire, but simply specifies the object on which it is exercised.

2) By an attributive modifier, e. g.: Αγαθὸς βασιλεὺς βασι

λεύει.

A good king is reigning.

Ὁ τῶν Περσῶν βασιλεύς The king of the Persians τιμᾶται.

is honored.

REM.-It will be observed, from the above examples, that the attribute of the subject is expressed sometimes by an adjective, and sometimes by a noun.

315. RULE.-Agreement of Adjectives.

Adjectives and adjective pronouns (whether in the subject or the predicate) agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns which they qualify, e. g.:

̓Αγαθὸς βασιλεύς.

Αγαπη βασίλεια.

A good king.

A good queen.

[H. 498: C. 444: S. 137.]

316. RULE.-Modifying Nouns.

A noun modifying the meaning of another noun is put in the genitive when it denotes a different* person or thing, e. g.:

Ἡ τῆς σοφίας ἐπιθυμία. | The desire of wisdom.

[H. 558 C. 382: S. 173.]

* See 443.

POSITION OF MODIFIERS IN THE COMPLEX SUBJECT.

317. The Greek language allows great freedom in the arrangement of words, consulting emphasis and euphony rather than arbitrary laws. Some general directions, however, may be of service to the begin

ner.

318. In the arrangement of the parts of a complex subject,

1) The Article precedes its substantive, e. g.:
Ο βασιλεύς.
The king.

2) The Adjective precedes or follows its sub-
stantive according as it is or is not em-
phatic, e.g.:

Αγαθὸς βασιλεύς.

Βασιλεὺς ἀγαθός.

A good king.

3) The Adjective, when accompanied by an article, generally stands between the article and the noun, e. g.:

̔Ο ἀγαθὸς βασιλεύς.

The good king.

4) The Genitive, whether with or without an article, may either precede or follow its substantive; though, when the governing word takes the article, the genitive more commonly stands between the article and the substantive, e.g.:

*Αλσος δένδρων.

Δένδρων ἄλσος.

Τὸ δένδρων ἄλσος.

A grove of trees.

The grove of trees.

319. Again, any modifier in the complex subject

may itself become complex, e. g:

*Αλσος ἡμέρων δένδρων. | Agrove of cultivated trees. REM.-Here the modifier dévdpwv is itself modified by the adjective ἡμέρων.

LESSON LXIX.

Complex Subject.-Exercises.

320. VOCABULARY.

Απόλλων, ωνος, ὁ, Apollo, god | Ἥκω, ἤξω, ἧκα, to come, to have

1. Στρατηγοὶ ἐβουλεύσαντο. 2. Οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἐβουλεύσαντο. 3. Οἱ τῶν Ἑλλήνων στρατηγοὶ ἐβουλεύσαντο. 4. Η βασιλέως γυνὴ ἥκει. 5. Ὁ τῆς βασιΟ λέως γυναικὸς ἀδελφὸς ἥκει. 6. Η Φωκίωνος γυνὴ ἐτιμήθη. 7. Οἱ εὐεργέται τῶν ἀνθρώπων τιμῶνται. 8. Ο τῶν Κορινθίων στρατηγὸς ἐνικήθη. 9. Εκαστος τῶν θεῶν τέχνην τινὰ ἔχει. 10. Ο Απόλλων μαντεύεται. 11. Ο Ασκληπιὸς ἰᾶται.

II.

1. The queen is honored. 2. The good queen will be loved. 3. The servants of the good queen were 4. The faithful servants will honor the queen.

silent.

LESSON LXX.

Simple Predicate.

322. The Predicate of a sentence consists of two parts, an attribute of the subject, and a copula, by which that attribute is predicated or asserted of the subject.

323. The attribute and copula, which form the predicate, sometimes appear separately, as when the former is expressed by a noun or adjective and the latter by the verb eiuí, and sometimes united in one word, in which case they must be expressed by a verb. 324. The predicate of a simple sentence may, therefore, be

1) A verb, e. g.:

Ὁ παῖς παίζει.

The boy is playing.

2) The verb eiul with an attributive* noun or adjective, e. g. :

Ο Παρνασσὸς ὄρος ἐστίν. ] Parnassus is a mountain. Ηφαιστος χωλὸς ἦν. Hephaestus was lame.

REM -In the first example the predicate is not eσriv but öpos ἐστίν ; for the assertion is not that Parnassus is (i. e. exists), but

* By an attributive noun is meant one which is used to qualify or describe another noun.

is a mountain. So, too, in the second example the predicate is χωλὸς ἦν, was lame.

325. GENERAL RULE.-Finite Verbs.

A finite verb agrees with its subject in number

and person, e. g.:

Ὁ παῖς γράφει.

I The boy is writing.

[H. 497: C. 543: S. 157.]

326. SPECIAL RULE.-Finite Verbs.

The neuter plural generally takes the verb in the singular, and a collective noun in the singular may take the verb in the plural, e. g.:

Ταῦτα ἐγένετο.

Ο δῆμος ἐβόων.

These things happened.

The people shouted.

[H. 514, a; 515: C. 548, 549: S. 157, 2 and 4.]

327. RULE.—Predicate Noun.

A predicate noun after eiμí is put in the same case as the subject when it denotes the same person or thing, e.g.:

Κῦρος βασιλεὺς ἦν. 1

Cyrus was king.

[H. 540: C. 331: S. 160, 2.]

REM.-For the agreement of adjectives, see 315.

328. As an apparent exception to rule 315, it should be observed, that the predicate adjective is often neuter, even when the substantive is masculine or feminine, e. g.:

Καλὸν ἡ ἀλήθεια.

Truth is beautiful (lit. a beautiful thing).

REM.-The copula (éσrí, &c.) is often omitted, as in the above example.

329. The predicate noun usually dispenses with the article, even when the subject takes it, e. g.: