II.

1. The boys are playing. 2. The good boys are playing. 3. The good boys are playing in the park. 4. The good boys are playing in the queen's beautiful park.

LESSON LXVI.

Elements of Sentences, continued.—Interrogative and Imperative Sentences.

303. Interrogative sentences are used in asking questions, and may be introduced

1) By interrogative pronouns, adjectives, or adverbs, e. g.:

Τις γράφει ;

Πόσα ζημιώσεται ;

Πότε ταῦτα πράξετε ;

2) By interrogative
&c., e. g.:

Η πολεμήσεις ;
Οὐ πολεμήσεις ;

*Αρα πολεμήσεις ;

Who is writing?

How much will he be fined?

When will you do this? particles, as ǹ, âpa, μý, où,

Will you wage war?
Will you not wage war?
Will you wage war?

REM.-Questions with , equivalent to Latin ne, ask for information; with où, or apa où, Latin nonne, expect the answer yes; with apa un, Latin num, expect the answer no.

3) Without any interrogative word. In this case the interrogative character of the sentence is indicated, as in English, by the

interrogation-mark in writing, and by the tone of voice in speaking, e. g.:

Εἰρήνην ἄγετε, ὦ ἄνδρες | Are you at peace, men of

Αθηναίοι ;

Athens?

304. Imperative sentences are used in commands, exhortations, and entreaties. They take the verb usually in the Imperative, though sometimes in the Subjunctive, e.g.:

Γράφε ἐπιστολήν.
Μὴ κλέπτε.

Μὴ ποιήσῃς τοῦτο.

Write a letter.

Do not steal.

Do not do this.

REM.-Observe that the negative in imperative sentences is

μή, not οὐ.

305. VOCABULARY.

*Apa often*Ap'),

*Αρα (before vowels often Αp'), | Θύω, θύσω, ἔθυσα, τέθυκα,

interrog. part. (303, Rem.) ap' ov-nonne expects answer yes; ἆρα μή=num expects answer no. Δουλεύω, σω, to serve, be a slave.

Ἔτι, still, yet, besides, further. Εὐτυχέω, ήσω, ευτύχησα, εὐτύχηκα (218), to prosper, succeed.

306. EXERCISES.

τέθυμαι, ἐτύθην, to sacrifice. Κέρδος, εος, τό, gain, profit, lucre.

Μή, not, used in prohibi-
tions, &c.

Παῖς, δός, ὁ οι ἡ, Voc. παῖ,
boy, son, child.
Πότε; when ?

Σιωπάω, ήσω, to be silent, keep
silence.

Ι.

1. Τί ποιήσω ; 2. Τί σοι ἔτι ποιήσω ; 3. Πῶς θύσομεν; 4. Ἔστι τι ἀγαθόν; 5. ̓Αρ ̓ εὐτυχεῖς ; 6. Αρ' οὐκ ἔστιν ἀγαθός; 7. 'Αρα μὴ ἔστιν ἀγαθός ;

8. Τίνα καιρὸν ζητεῖτε ; 9. Δουλεύσομεν ; 10. Ω παῖ, σιώπα. 11. Τοὺς θεοὺς τίμα. 12. Τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς ἐπαινεῖτε. 13. Μή σε νικάτω κέρδος. 14. Τὴν σοφίαν ζηλωμεν.

II.

1. Who gave you the book? 2. My brother gave it to me. 3. When did he give it to you? 4. He gave it to me long since. 5. Give me the book. 6. Do not give it to him.

LESSON LXVII.

Simple Subject.

307. Every simple sentence must have for its subject either

1) A noun; e. g., IIaîs ypáþeɩ, a boy is writing. 2) A pronoun; e. g., 'Eyò ypáþw, I am writing. 3) Some word used substantively; e. g., 'AyăJòs ypápei, a good man is writing.

308. RULE.-Subject.

The subject of a finite verb is put in the nominative, e. g. :

Ὁ παῖς γράφει.

The boy is writing.

[H. 539: C. 342: S. 157.]

309. In the arrangement of the Greek sentence, the subject usually precedes the predicate, as in the above examples.

310. VOCABULARY.

Ανδρεῖος, εία, εῖον, brave, val | Πίνδαρος, ου, ό, Ρindar, cele

1. Δαρεῖος ἐβασίλευσεν. 2. Κῦρος ἐστρατεύετο. 3. Χειρίσοφος ἡγοῖτο. 4. Οὗτός ἐστιν ἀνδρεῖος. 5. Πίνδαρος Βοιωτὸς ἦν. 6. Τίς νενίκηται; 7. Οὗτοι νενίκηνται. 8. Τίνες θαυμάζονται ; 9. Ὑμεῖς θαυμά ζεσθε. 10. Πεισίστρατος ἐτελεύτησεν.

II.

1. You will be honored. 2. Let them be honored. 3. Let Cyrus be king. 4. Who was Pindar? 5. He was a poet. 6. Was he not a Boeotian? 7. He was a Boeotian.

LESSON LXVIII.

Complex Subject.

312. The elements of a simple sentence may be either simple or complex:

1) Simple, when not modified by other words, e. g.:

Βασιλεὺς βασιλεύει.

A king reigns.

2) Complex, when thus modified, e. g.: ̓Αγαθὸς βασιλεὺς καλῶς

βασιλεύει.

A good king reigns well.

REM.-In the first example, Baodevs Baσidevei, both subject and predicate are simple, while in the second both are complex.

313. Modifiers are of two kinds, viz. :

1) Such as complete the meaning of other words by specifying some object. These may be called Objective Modifiers, e. g.:

Τῆς σοφίας ἐπιθυμοῦμεν. We desire wisdom. 'H Tŷs σopías Eπivμia. The desire of (for) wisdom.

REM. In the first example, rns oopías completes the meaning of evμoûμev by specifying the object desired. In the second example, too, Tns σopías just as really completes the meaning of ensuuía by specifying the object of that desire: the desire of (what?) wisdom.

2) Such as restrict the meaning of other words, generally by specifying some quality or attribute. These may be called Attribu tive Modifiers, e.g.:

̓Αγαθὸς βασιλεὺς καλῶς βασιλεύει.

| A good king rules well.

REM. 1.-'Ayasós expresses the attribute of ẞaoideús (good king) and καλώς of βασιλεύει (rules well).

REM. 2.-It will be observed that the adverb kaλos sustains the same relation to the verb Baoiλever as the adjective ȧyasós does to the noun Barileus; both are strictly attributive, but, for distinction's sake, the latter may be called the adjective attribute, and the former the adverbial attribute.

MODIFIERS OF THE SUBJECT.

314. The subject of a sentence may be limited or modified: