Science and Industry in the Nineteenth Century

achieved advance of science Age of Steel already application atomic basis Berzelius Bessemer Bessemer's Birkbeck College Britain Carnot chemical industry chemistry chemists conservation of energy crystalline crystallographic crystals double tartrate economic Edison effect eighteenth century electric light enantiomorphic essay existence experiments fact factors fermentation field France George Stephenson Germany heat Helmholtz hemihedral human ideas important Industrial Revolution interest invention inventor iron J. D. BERNAL Joule laboratory largely later Liebig London machines magnetism manufacture material Mayer mechanical ment methods Mitscherlich molecular asymmetry molecules natural science Nevertheless nineteenth century organic paratartrate Pasteur practical problem production profitable progress puissance motrice quantity racemic racemic acid railway salt science and industry science and technology scientific scientists Seignette Siemens social Sprengel pump steam engine steel substances success tartaric acid technical technique telegraph theory thermodynamics Thomson tion tradition twentieth century whole