called usually City Superintendent, or Secretary, intendent; and 278 (124 city and 154 country) or President of the Board of Education, who has had the diplomas of the State Normal School the entire superintendence of the city schools. The whole number of children between 4 and 21 The amount of money raised for school purposes years of age in the State is 1,338,167 (more than in the State is very large, and increases more one-third of the whole population); of these 423,079 rapidly than the population from year to year. are in the cities, and 915,088 in the country die The following were the receipts and expenditures tricts. The whole number attending the conimon of the year ending October 1, 1861:-Amount on schools was 872,854 (270,926 in the cities and hand, Oct. 1, 1860, $561,680 20, of which $490,231 40 601,928 in the country), of whom 215,598 (53,952 was in the treasuries of the City Boards of Educa- city and 161,646 country) attended school less tion, and $71,448 80 in the rural districts; amount than 2 months; 239,814 (49.215 city and 190,599 apportioned from the State funds and tax, $1,331.- country) between 2 and 4 months; 176,136 (40.209 901 69, of which $384,838 54 was apportioned to city and 135,867 country) between 4 and 6 months; the cities, and $947,063 15 to the rural districts; | 117,145 (37,382 city and 79,763 country) between 6 amount received from proceeds of gospel and and 8 months; 60,351 (34,363 city and 25.988 school lands, $20,590 06, all but $83 22 of which country) between 8 and 10 months; and 63.810 was in and for the rural districts; amount raised (55,745 city and 8065 country) more than 10 months. by local taxation (city, town, or district), $2,030,- The whole number of free schools-i.e. supported 810 78, of which $1,507,615 07 was raised by the wholly by taxation and State appropriation—was cities and $521,195 71 by the rural districts; amount 572,286 (all but one) in the cities and 286 in the raised by rate bills (wholly in the rural districts), country. The number of private schools was 1607, $397,215 87; amount received from all other (213 city and 1494 country), the attendance upon sources, $53,188 75, of which $18,421 56 belonged to them 45,511 (12,335 in the cities and 33,176 in the city and $34,767 19 to country. Total receipts for country). The whole number of persons between the year, $1,395,387 35, of which $2,403,189 79 be- 4 and 21 in the schools of the State, public and pri longed to the cities and $1,992,197 56 to the rural vate (aside from those under 21 in the colleges and districts. The expenditures for the year were, for professional schools), during the year was 941.476, teachers' wages, $2,655,451 70, of which $1,185,- or 70.35 per cent of the whole number of persons 466 05 was expended in the cities, and $1,469,985 65 between 4 and 21. School was maintained an in the rural districts; for libraries, $34,145 37, of aggregate of 88,621 months and 3 days during the which $7,411 74 was in the cities and $26,733 63 year, an average of 74 months for each school. The in the country; for school apparatus, $88,633 61, number of volumes in the school district libraries of which $81,100 59 was expended in the city was 1,305,377, of which 99,302 volumes were in the schools and $7,533 02 in the country; for colored libraries of city schools and 1,206,075 in those of schools, $24,658 84, of which $20,857 62 was in city the country schools. The whole number of schooland $3,801 22 in the country; for building and houses was 11,697 (city 279, country 11,418), of repairing school-houses, furniture, &c., $656,177 02, which 246 were log buildings, 9918 frame, 971 of which $427,786 17 was expended in the cities brick, and 562 stone. Of the city school-houses, 39 and $228,390 85 in the country; for all other in- were frame, 237 brick, and 3 stone. Teachers' cidental expenses, $382,204 27, of which $214,574 99 institutes were held in 47 counties, and were atwas expended in the cities and $167,629 28 in the tended by 7488 teachers. The subject of objectcountry. The balance remaining on hand, Oct. 1, teaching is discussed, and its introduction recom 1861, was $553,116 54, of which $465,992 63 was in mended, by the Superintendent. the treasuries of the cities and $88,123 91 in the country. The entire expenditure for common school purposes for the year was $3,842,270 81. of which $1,947,197 14 was expended in the cities and $1,904,073 65 in the rural districts. The population of the 13 cities in 1860 was 1,421,207; of the rural districts, without from the cities, 2,459,528. The whole number of districts in the State was 11,683, of which 287 were in the cities; whole number of teachers employed during the year, 26,472, (S094 males, 18,378 females,) of whom 2934 (341 males and 2593 females) were employed in the schools of the cities, and 23,538 (7753 males and 15,785 females) in the rural districts; 15,311 of these teachers (2932 city and 12,379 country) taught in the same school for six months or more during the year; 25,426 (2532 city and 22,894 country) teachers were licensed by local officers; 768 (278 city and 490 country) by the State Super The State Normal School.-David H. Cochran, A.M. Principal. This institution was established in 1844, and has now attained to its 18th year. number of professors and teachers in Jan. 18 was 11, of whom 9 were gentlemen and 2 ladies. The number of pupils for the term commencing Sept. 1861 was 208 (62 males, 146 females). The whole number of graduates was 1259 (561 males, 698 females), and 3664 pupils had been connected with the school for a longer or shorter term Connected with the school is an Experimental School of 105 pupils between the ages of 10 and 16, in which the pupil-teachers of the Norma School give instruction. The tuition-fees in this experimental school are $25 per annum; and st is its reputation that the applications for places in it exceed its capacity for the accommodation f pupils. A Model Primary School for the pu of illustrating the method of object-teaching was but established in 1861. The children in this school | $71,584 61, and the expenditures $71,460 05. Of are between the ages of 6 and 10, and the number this sum $15,238 81 was on account of interest, is limited. The Normal School occupies a plain $13,500 repayment of a loan, and $2,055 36 for admirably-arranged building, erected for it by insurance and taxes. The mechanical department, the State at an expense of about $25,000. It has which has hitherto furnished to a limited extent a library of about 7000 volumes. No charge is employment to the adult blind, expended $12,made for tuition; text-books are furnished, and a 948 11, while the receipts from it were only small sum for mileage is paid to each pupil at the $7,351 53. $1,827 42 was spent on repairs and close of each term. The receipts of the school for improvements. These items deducted leave the the school-year 1861 were as follows:-$16,507 72, amount expended for current support $25,890 29, of which $1,828 70 was the balance from previous or $171 46 for each pupil per annum. year, $12,000 State appropriation, $2,613 15 received from Experimental School, and $65 87 interest. The expenditures were $15,815 97. The New York Asylum for Idiots, at Syracuse.H. B. Wilbur, M.D., Superintendent.-This institution was established in 1851 first as an Ex The New York Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, perimental School at Albany, and in 1855 removed Washington Heights, N.Y. City.-H. P. Peet, LL.D., to the asylum erected for it by the State at SyraPresident; I. Lewis Peet, A.M., Vice-Principal.cuse. It is the largest asylum for idiots in this This institution is the largest for the instruction country, and, with one exception, the largest in of deaf-mutes only, in its accommodations and number of pupils, in the world. It was founded in 1818. Number of teachers, Dec. 1862, 14, of whom 6 are deaf-mutes. Number of pupils, Dec. 1861, 310 (175 males, 135 females); left during the year, 42; admitted during the year, 47; whole number under instruction during the year, 357; remaining, Dec. 1862, 315 (males 177, females 138). Number graduated in 1861, 22; in the High Class, Dec. 1862, 29. Whole number of graduates since the organization of the institution, about 1200. Of the pupils remaining in the institution, Dec. 1862, 262 were supported by the State of New York, 14 by New Jersey, 31 by their friends, and 8 by the institution. The time of admission is the first Wednesday of September; the terms, $150 for each pupil, clothing and travelling-expenses excepted, to be paid semi-annually in advance, and satisfactory security for punctual payment of bills; and clothing which is desired is furnished by the institution at $30 per annum. State pupils must be between 12 and 25 years of age. The value of the buildings and grounds of the institution in Dec. 1862 was about $675,000, on which there was an encumbrance of $175,000, or more. Receipts from all sources in year ending Jan. 1, 1862, $67,535 35; expenditure during the same period, $67.238 45. The State provides for the education of all its indigent deaf-mute children, under the sanction of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, in this institution. the world. The number of instructors and officers is 9; the number of pupils in the asylum, Dec. 31, 1861, was 130; the whole number in the asylum during the year, 141; average number resident, 135; 5 died during the year, and 10 were removed, one of them entering the army, and five others being able to pursue their studies in ordinary schools or to work for wages, and with sufficient intelligence to be competent for ordinary, simple occupations. The receipts of the year were $22,889 87, of which $18,000 was the State appropriation, $1,439 14 received from the counties for clothing, and $3,450 73 received from friends of pay-pupils for board and clothing. The expendi The Institution for the Blind. at New York.-Robert G. Rankin, Superintendent.—This institution, founded in 1831, is one of the largest of its class in the world. The number of teachers in the year ending Dec. 31, 1861, was 7; number of pupils, 151 (76 males, 75 females); number employed in the mechanical department. 27. The pupils are divided into six classes; the first or highest pursuing the higher English and mathematical studies. The total receipts from all sources for the year were ture for the same period was $21,852 49. Of this sum, $2,878 66 may be deducted for repairs, furniture, interest, rent of land, &c., leaving expenditure for support and training of children $18,973 83, or $140 54 as the expense of each pupil per annum. INSANE HOSPITALS.-The State has two insane hospitals, the State Lunatic Asylum, at Utica, Dr. J. P. Gray, Superintendent, and the New York Asylum for Insane Convicts, at Auburn, Dr. Edward Hall, Superintendent. It has also occasionally made grants in aid of the Bloomingdale Asylum, a department of the New York Hospital in New York City. The city and county of New York support a large insane hospital on Blackwell's Island, the Commissioners of Emigration one on Ward's Island, and there are also county asylums at Flatbush for Kings co., at Albany for Albany co., at Troy for Rensselaer co., at Canandaigua for Ontario co., and at Buffalo for Erie co. There are also private insane hospitals at Flushing, Hyde Park, and elsewhere. We have been unable to obtain reports from all these hospitals, but give below those of six. Those for the Asylum for Convicts, Bloomingdale Asylum, Ward's Island, and the City Hospital of New York are for 1861, the other two for 1860. State Inebriate Asylum, at Binghamton.-This institution, the first in the United States, and probably the first in the world, for the medical and moral treatment of intemperate persons, will be opened early in 1863 for patients. It will have accommodations for 400 patients, and applications have already been made for the admission of more than twenty times that number. A farm of 252 acres of land was donated to the asylum by the citizens of Binghamton, and will furnish employment to such of the inmates as are disposed to labor. CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS.-The State has a large number of these. There are two Houses of Refuge; one on Randall's Island, East River, New York, under the care of the Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents, but receiving aid from the State in the erection of its buildings, and an appropriation from the city, together with the licenses of places of amusement, and a stipulated sum for the support of each child committed; the other, The Western House of Refuge, at Rochester, entirely a State institution. The Juvenile Asylum, New York City, and the Truants' Home, Brooklyn, are intended for a somewhat younger class, usually committed for vagrancy, truancy, or petty larceny; while the Five Points House of Industry, Home for the Friendless, Children's Aid Society, and kindred institutions, though intended in part for the rescue and reformation of the same class of offenders, are voluntary in their character, and do not resort to physical restraint to retain their inmates. The statistics of the House of Refuge, Randall's Island, for 1861, are as follows:-Whole number of children received since the opening of the house in 1825, 8737; number in the house, Jan. 1, 1861, 568 (boys 462, girls 106, white 521, colored 47); received during the year, 424 (boys 297, girls 127, white 389, colored 35); discharged or disposed of, 504 (boys 387, girls 117, white 473, colored 31); remaining, Jan. 1, 1862, 488 (boys 372, girls 116, white 437, colored 51). During the year 138 of the older boys were permitted to enlist in the army, and have acquitted themselves well, There were no deaths. 216 (74 of them girls) were indentured. The receipts for the year from all sources for general expenses were $60,544 32, and the expenditure $53,716 35. Of this sum $3.704 35 was for furniture, interest, &c., and not directly for the support of the institution, leaving $50,012 as the net expenditure for support. The average number of children resident was 528, and the cost per head $94 73, of which $13,399 82, or $25 37 per head, was from the earnings of the boys. The Western House of Refuge, at Rochester, S.S. Wood, Superintendent, is intended for boys only. In 1860 it had 426 pupils. Its expenses for ordinary support were $39,679 63, or $93 14 per pupil per annum. The Juvenile Asylum receives occasional grants from the State, but is mainly supported by the city of New York. It has two departments, the House of Reception, in 13th Street and the Asylum proper, on Washington Heights. The House of Reception in 1860 had 947 inmates, of whom 126 were remaining Jan. 1, 1861; of the remainder, 295 had been discharged by magistrates, 422 sent to the asylum, 61 discharged by the committee, 31 escaped, and 12 were indentured. The asylum proper had in the course of the year 839 inmates, of whom 200 were discharged by the committee, 210 were indentured, 2 escaped, and 5 died, leaving in the asylum. Jan. 1, 1861, 422. The total number received in 8 years was 6550. The expenses for support for the year were $50,365, or $119 91 per pupil per annum. Very few of the children are retained in the asylum a year, the average residence being less than six months. Large numbers are indentured, mostly at the West, and the asylum has exercised great care and watchfulness over those indentured, its agent visiting them twice a year and ascertaining the condition of each. The purposes and operations of the Truants' Home of Brooklyn are in general similar to those of the Juvenile Asylum. The voluntary organizations, Criminal Statistics. The report of the Secretary | courts return for the year 1242 indictments tried, of State on this subject gives the number of convictions in courts of record for the year 1861 as 2275 (2101 males, 174 females). Of these, 562 (525 males and 37 females) were for offences against the person; 340 (335 males and 5 females) offences against property with violence; 619 (548 males and 71 females) offences against property without violence; 150 (143 males and 7 females) offences against the currency; 604 (550 males and 54 females) offences against society. The clerks of the county of which the parties in 826 were convicted, in 400 acquitted, and in the remainder the juries could not agree. 1405 persons were convicted on their own confession, and 669 were discharged from their indictments without trial. Of 36,662 cases tried in the courts of special sessions in the cities of Albany, Auburn, Hudson, Buffalo, Brooklyn, New York, Utica, Oswego, and Schenectady, 20,992 were males, 15,670 females; 4014 were under 21 years of age, 16,878 were married, 19,323 single, 234 social condition unknown; 9350 were natives of the United States, 26,983 foreigners, and 329 unknown; 11,745 could read and write, 21,158 could not read and write; 1156 education not ascertained; 3454 were temperate, 31,955 intemperate, 533 unknown. The Commissioners of the Metropolitan Police (the Metropolitan Police District includes New York, Kings, Richmond, Westchester, and part of Queens counties; but only the cities of New York and Brooklyn have a regular patrol) report 87,682 arrests by the police, 71,130 in New York and 16,552 in Brooklyn. Of these were males 60,584, viz. New York 48,470, Brooklyn 12,114; females, 27,098, viz. New York 22,660, Brooklyn 4438. For offences against property 14,449; viz. males 12,083, females 2366; in New York 11,294, in Brooklyn 3155. Offences against the person, 73,233; viz. males 48,501, females 24,732; in New York 59,836, in Brooklyn 13,397. Of these, 12,420, viz. 9151 males and 3269 females, were under 20 years of age; 22,194 were natives of the United States, and 65,488 were foreigners; 1661 were colored; 45,014 were married, 42,668 were single; could read and write, 66,243; could not, 21,439. The Metropolitan force consisted, in Jan. 1862, of a superintendent of police, 4 inspectors, 38 captains, 160 sergeants, and 2000 patrolmen, of whom 30 captains, 129 sergeants, and 1800 patrolmen were stationed in New York, and the remainder in Brooklyn. It has since been increased, particularly in Brooklyn. Besides the duties of preserving order and arresting offenders, the patrolmen restore lost children to their parents, aid the sick and helpless, give alarm of fires through their precinct telegraphs, report violations of city ordinances and excise-laws, inspect the streets, and a squad is detailed for sanitary purposes, who examine and report upon stationary steam-boilers, ferry-boats, the condition and safety of tenement-houses, their ventilation and means of escape in case of fire, the location of slaughterhouses, and the existence of cesspools and other violations of the sanitary law. IMMIGRATION AND PAUPERISM.-The oversight of the vast immigration which pours from Europe into the United States through the great commercial port of New York is by the State vested in the Commissioners of Emigration, established in 1847. The commissioners, in 1861, published a volume containing their reports, the laws on the subject of emigration, and the statistics of what had been accomplished by the commission up to that time. They have an office at Castle Garden, an immense building on the Battery, New York; and the building itself is devoted to the use of emigrants, who there pay their commutationmoney ($2 per head) or give their bonds not to become chargeable to the State. The commissioners receive this money, and undertake to provide for all emigrants who are sick or have become impoverished for a period of five years from the period of their landing in the State. They occupy also Ward's Island, in the East River, where they Pauperism.-We have no full statistics of pauperism in the State later than 1860. The number of county almshouses at that time was 60: whole number relieved in them, 228,517; of which there |