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153. ADJECTIVES OF ONE ENDING generally end in s or x, sometimes in l or r, and are declined in the main like nouns of the same endings. The following are examples:

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ABLATIVE SINGULAR.

156. 3. Some adjectives have only e in general use, as the ending of the ablative singular-(1) Pauper, paupère, poor; pūbes, pubère, mature; (2) those in es, G. ĭtis or ĭdis: āles, dēses, dīves, sospes, superstes ;—(3) caelebs, compos, impos, princeps.

NOMINATIVE, ACCUSATIVE, AND VOCATIVE PLURAL OF NEUTERS.

157. I. ENDING:-iǎ in positives: acriă, tristiă.

II. ENDING:-ǎ in comparatives: tristiōră.

1. Větus, old, has vetĕră; complūres, several, compluriă or complūră. 2. The neuter plural is wanting in most adjectives of one ending, except those in as, ns, rs, ax, ix, ox, and numerals in plex.

GENITIVE PLURAL.

158. I. ENDING:-ium in positives: acrium, tristium. II. ENDING:-йm in comparatives: tristiōrum.

1. Some adjectives want the genitive plural.

2. Plūres, more, and complures, several, have ium.

3. The following have um :

1) Adjectives of one ending with only e in the ablative singular (156, 3): pauper, paupěrum.

2) Those with the genitive in ĕris, ŏris, ŭris: větus, vetěrum, old; měmor, memorum, mindful; cicur, cicurum, tame.

3) Those in ceps: anceps, ancipitum, doubtful.

4) Those compounded with substantives which have um: inops (ops, Ŏpum), inopum, helpless.

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES.

160. Adjectives have three forms to denote different degrees of quality. They are usually called the Positive, the Comparative, and the Superlative degree: altus, altior, altissimus, high, higher, highest.

Comparatives and superlatives are sometimes best rendered into English by too and very, instead of more and most: doctus, learned; doctior, more learned, or too learned; doctissimus, most learned, or very learned.

162. Adjectives are regularly compared by adding to the stem of the positive the endings:

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ior, iŏr, iŭs.

issĭmús, issimă, issĭmům:

Altus, altior, altissimus: high, higher, highest.

163. IRREGULAR SUPERLATIVES.-Many adjectives with regular comparatives have irregular superlatives. Thus

1. Adjectives in er add rĭmus to the positive: ācer, acrior, acerrimus, sharp.

2. Six in ĭlis add lĭmus to the stem:

Facilis, difficilis; easy, difficult.
similis, dissimilis; like, unlike.
gracilis, humilis; slender, low;

thus: facilis, facilior, facillimus. Imbecillis has imbecillimus.

3. Four in rus have two irregular superlatives:

Extĕrus, exterior, extrēmus and extĭmus,

inferus, inferior,

infimus

and imus,

outward. lower.

upper.

supĕrus, superior, supremus and summus,
postěrus, posterior, postrēmus and postůmus, next.

164. Compounds in dicus, ficus, and volus are compared with the endings entior and entissimus, as if from forms in ens:

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1. Plus is neuter, and has in the singular only N. and A. plus, and G. plūris. In the plural it has N. and A. plūres (m. and f.), plūra (n.), G. plurium, D. and A. pluribus.

166. POSITIVE WANTING:

Citerior, citĭmus, nearer. deterrimus, worse.

deterior, interior, ocior,

prior, prīmus, former.
propior, proximus, nearer.

intimus, inner. ulterior, ultimus, farther.

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167. COMPARATIVE WANTING.-The comparative is wanting
1. In a few participles used adjectively: meritus, deserving.

new.

sacred.
old.

2. In these adjectives: Diversus, diversissimus, different. novus, novissimus, falsus, falsissimus, false. sǎcer, sacerrimus, inclytus, inclytissimus, renowned. větus, veterrimus, 168. SUPERLATIVE WANTING.-The superlative is wanting 1. In most verbals in ĭlis and bilis: docilis, docilior, docile. 2. In many adjectives in älis and ilis: capitalis, capitalior, capital. 3. Three adjectives supply the superlative thus:

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169. WITHOUT COMPARISON.-Many adjectives, from the nature of their signification, admit no comparison: aureus, golden; paternus, paternal.

170. Many adjectives form the comparative and superlative by prefixing the adverbs măgis, more, and maxime, most, to the positive: Arduus, măgis arduus, maxime arduus, arduous.

NUMERALS.

171. Numerals comprise numeral adjectives and numeral adverbs.

172. Numeral adjectives comprise three principal classes:

1. CARDINAL NUMBERS: ūnus, one; duo, two.

2. ORDINAL NUMBERS: primus, first; secundus, second. 3. DISTRIBUTIVES: singuli, one by one; bini, two by two, two each, two apiece.

174. TABLE OF NUMERAL ADJECTIVES.

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1 Smallest or youngest in age. Natu is sometimes omitted.

2 Prior is used in speaking of two, and alter is often used for secundus.

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2. Distributives are used instead of Cardinals, with nouns plural in form, but singular in sense: bina castra, two camps. Here for singuli and terni, ūni and trīni are used: trinae litterae, three letters.

DECLENSION OF NUMERAL ADJECTIVES.

175. On the declension of cardinals observe

1. That the units, unus, duo, and tres, are declined. 2. That the other units, all the tens, and centum are indeclinable.

3. That the hundreds are declined like the plural of bonus.

4. That mille is sometimes declined.

176. The first three cardinals are declined as follows:

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1 Sometimes bina millia or bis mille.

2 Duōrum and duārum are sometimes shortened to duum.

trium,

trium,

tribus,

tribus,

trēs,

triă,

tribus,

trìbus.

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