Abbildungen der Seite
PDF
EPUB
[blocks in formation]

4

1. Hannibal in Hispania1 fuit. 2. Latīnus in Italia regnavit. 3. Latīnus in illis regionibus regnabat. 4. Cives ab urbe 2 fugiebant. 5. Themistocles e Graecia fugit. 6. Sex menses Athēnis fui. 7. Alexander Babylōne erat. 8. Dionysius tyrannus Syracusis fugit. 9. Themistocles Athenis fugit. 10. Athenis habitabat. 11. Romulus Romae regnāvit. 12. Romae ingens laetitia fuit.

5

III. Translate into Latin.

1. Is not your father in Italy? 2. My father is in Greece. 3. Were you not in Greece? 4. We resided in Greece three years. 5. Who is in the garden? 6. My brother is in the garden. 7. The pupils were walking in the fields. 8. The nightingales are singing in the groves. 9. Your father resided many years at Athens. 10. Did he not reside at Carthage? 11. He resided four years at Carthage. 12. Did you not receive my letter at Rome? 13. I received your letter at Corinth.

1 Ablative of PLACE IN WHICH, with the preposition in. See Rule XXXII.

2 Ablative of PLACE FROM WHICH, with the preposition ab.

3 See Rule VIII.

4 In the Ablative, without a preposition, because it is the name of a

town.

5 In the Genitive, because it is the name of a town, and is in the Singular of the First declension.

ABLATIVE OF TIME.

RULE XXVIII.-Time.

426. The TIME of an Action is denoted by the Ablative:

Octōgesimo anno1 est mortuus, He died in his eightieth year. Cic. Vēre convēnēre, They assembled in the spring. Liv. Natali die suo, On his birth-day. Nep. Hième et aestate, In winter and summer. Cic.

1. DESIGNATIONS OF TIME.- Any word so used as to involve the time of an action or event may be put in the ablative: bello, in the time of war; pugnā, in the time of battle; lūdis, at the time of the games; memoriā, in memory, i.e., in the time of one's recollection.

[blocks in formation]

1. Natali die tuo scripsisti epistolam. 2. Eōdem die epistolam tuam accepi.3 3. Pompeius urbem tertio mense

1 Anno, vere, die, hième, and aestāte are all in the Ablative, by this Rule. 2 Ablative of Time, according to Rule XXVIII.

3 From accipio.

cepit. 4. Eōdem die Persae superāti sunt. 5. Pompeius illo tempore miles fuit. 6. Illo anno Dianae Ephesiae templum deflagravit. 7. Occasu solis hostes fugāti sunt. 8. Illo die Brutus patriam servavit.

III. Translate into Latin.

1. Were you not in Athens' at that time? 2. We were at Corinth at that time. 3. Do you not reside in the city1 in winter? 4. We reside in this beautiful city in the winter. 5. The city was taken at sunset. 6. Were you not in the city at that hour? 7. I was in the city at that time. 8. Were you not in Rome 2 on your birth-day? 9. I was in that city on my birth-day.

SECTION VIII.

CASES WITH PREPOSITIONS.

RULE XXXII.-Cases with Prepositions.

432. The Accusative and Ablative may be used. with Prepositions:

Ad ǎmicum3 scripsi, I have written to a friend. Cic. In curiam, Into the senate-house. Liv. In Ităliā, In Italy. Nep. Pro castris, Before the camp.

433.

The ACCUSATIVE is used with

Ad, adversus (adversum), ante, ăpud, circa, circum, circiter, cis, citra, contra, erga, extra, infra, inter, intra, juxta, ob, pěnes, per, pōne, post, praeter, prope, propter, secundum, supra, trans, ultra,

versus:

[ocr errors]

Ad urbem, To the city. Cic. Adversus deos, Toward the gods. Cic. 434. The ABLATIVE is used with

[blocks in formation]

3 The Accusative amicum is here used with the preposition ad; curiam,

with in; the Ablative Italia, with in. See 435, 1.

Ab urbe, From the city. Caes.

Cōram conventu, In the presence

of the assembly. Nep.

435. The ACCUSATIVE or ABLATIVE is used with

In, sub, subter, super:

In Asiam profugit, He fled into Asia. Cic. Hannibal in Ităliā fuit, Hannibal was in Italy. Nep.

1. In and Sub take the Accusative in answer to the question whither, the Ablative in answer to where: In Asiam, (whither ?) into Asia; In Ităliā, (where ?) in Italy.

[blocks in formation]

1. Lacedaemonii hostes ad proelium provocabant. 2. Scipio contra Hannonem, ducem Carthaginiensium, prospěre pugnat. 3. Caesar adversus Pompeium dimicavit. 4. Veritas per se1 mihi grata est. 5. Virtus per se laudab6. Persae a Graecis 2 superāti sunt. 7. Cicero

ilis est.

de amicitia scripsit.

III.

Translate into Latin.

1. Will not the army be led back to the city? 2. It has been led back to the city. 3. Will you not write to me? 4. I will write to you. 5. Friendship is valuable of itself. 6. Have you not received five letters from me? 7. I have received four letters from you. 8. I have received two letters from your brother.

1 Per se, literally through itself: render in itself or of itself.
2 A Graecis, by the Greeks. See 414, 5.

SUGGESTIONS TO THE LEARNER.

I. THE preparation of a Reading Lesson in Latin involves,

1. A knowledge of the Meaning of the Latin.

2. A knowledge of the Structure of the Latin Sentences. 3. A translation into English.

MEANING OF THE LATIN.

II. Remember that almost every inflected word in a Latin sentence requires the use of both the Dictionary and the Grammar to ascertain its meaning.

The Dictionary gives the meaning of the word, without reference to its Grammatical properties of case, number, mood, tense, etc.; and the Grammar, the meaning of the endings which mark these properties. The Dictionary will give the meaning of mensa, a table, but not of mensārum, of tables: the Grammar alone will give the force of the ending arum.

III. Make yourself so familiar with all the endings of inflection, with their exact form and force, whether in declension or conjugation, that you will not only readily distinguish the different parts of speech from each other, but also the different forms of the same word, with their exact and distinctive force.

IV. In taking up a Latin sentence,

1. Notice carefully the endings of the several words, and thus determine which words are nouns, which verbs, etc.

2. Observe the force of each ending, and thus determine case, number, voice, mood, tense, etc.

This will be found to be a very important step toward the mastery of the sentence. By this means, you will discover not only the relation of the words to each other, but also an important part of their meaning, that which they derive from their endings.

« ZurückWeiter »