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1. Hannibal in Hispania1 fuit. 2. Latīnus in Italia regnavit. 3. Latīnus in illis regionibus regnābat. 4. Cives ab urbe fugiebant. 5. Themistocles e Graecia fugit. 6. Sex menses 3 Athenis fui. 7. Alexander Babylōne erat. 8. Dionysius tyrannus Syracusis fugit. 9. Themistocles Athenis fugit. 10. Athenis habitabat. 11. Romůlus Romae regnavit. 12. Romae ingens laetitia fuit.

III. Translate into Latin.

1. Is not your father in Italy? 2. My father is in Greece. 3. Were you not in Greece? 4. We resided in Greece three years. 5. Who is in the garden? 6. My brother is in the garden. 7. The pupils were walking in the fields. 8. The nightingales are singing in the groves. 9. Your father resided many years at Athens. 10. Did he not reside at Carthage? 11. He resided four years at Carthage. 12. Did you not receive my letter at Rome? 13. I received your letter at Corinth.

1 Ablative of PLACE IN WHICH, with the preposition in. See Rule XXXII.

2 Ablative of PLACE FROM WHICH, with the preposition ab.

3 See Rule VIII.

4 In the Ablative, without a preposition, because it is the name of a

town.

5 In the Genitive, because it is the name of a town, and is in the Singular of the First declension.

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1. Parentes nobis1 cari sunt. 2. Patria nobis cara est. 3. Patria tibi1 erit carissima. 4. Patriae solum nobis carum est. 5. Hannibal exercitui carus fuit. 6. Victoria Romānis grata fuit. 7. Libertas multitudini grata est. 8. Veritas nobis gratissima est. 9. Jucunda mihi oratio fuit. 10. Saguntum Romānis amicum fuit. 11. Hannibal Saguntum,2 Hispaniae civitatem Romānis * amicam, expugnavit.

III. Translate into Latin.

1. Will not these books be useful to you? 2. They are useful to us. 3. They will be useful to you. 4. This law has been useful to the state. 5. Will not this book be acceptable to you? 6. That book will be acceptable to me. 7. This book will be most acceptable to my brother.

SECTION VI.

GENITIVE.

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393. The Genitive in its primary meaning denotes source or cause; but, in its general use, it corresponds to the English Objective with of, and expresses various adjective relations.

GENITIVE WITH NOUNS.

RULE XVI.-Genitive.

395. Any Noun, not an Appositive, qualifying the meaning of another noun, is put in the Genitive:

1 Dative, according to Rule XIV.

2 Accusative. See Rule V.

8 Appositive, in agreement with Saguntum. See Rule II.

4 Dative with amicam. See Rule XIV.

5 Amicam agrees with civitatem. See Rule XXXIII. p. 32.
6 See 162.

Cătōnis1 ōrātiōnes, Cato's orations. Cic. Castra hostium, The camp of the enemy. Liv. Mors Hamilcăris, The death of Hamilcar. Liv.

See 363.

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1. Justitia virtutum 3 regīna est. 2. Sapientia est mater omnium bonārum artium. 3. Socrates parens philosophiae fuit. 4. Virtus veri honoris mater est. 5. Patria commūnis est omnium nostrum parens. 5 6. Roma orbis 7

terrarum caput fuit. 7. Omnium rerum principia parva sunt. 8. Conscientia recti est praemium virtutis dulcissă

mum.

1 Catonis qualifies oratiōnes, and is in the Genitive, in accordance with the Rule.

2 Literally the circle of lands.

3 Genitive, depending upon regīna. Rule XVI.

* Genitive, depending upon mater.

5 Communis agrees with parens. See Rule XXXIII. p. 32.

6 Genitive, depending upon parens.

7 Orbis depends upon caput, and terrārum upon orbis.

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1. The orations of Cicero are praised. 2. The courage of the soldiers saved the city. 3. The crown of the king was golden. 4. The sword of the general was beautiful. 5. The son of the consul violated the laws of the state. 6. The citizens will observe the laws of the state.

GENITIVE WITH ADJECTIVES.

RULE XVII. — Genitive.

399. Many Adjectives take a Genitive to complete their meaning:

Avidus laudis,1 Desirous of praise. Cic. Otii cupidus, Desirous of leisure. Liv. Amans sui virtus, Virtue fond of itself. Cic. Efficiens võluptatis, Productive of pleasure. Cic. Glōriae měmor, Mindful of glory. Liv.

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1. FORCE OF THIS GENITIVE. The genitive here retains its usual force,—of, in respect of,—and may be used after adjectives which admit this relation.

2. ADJECTIVES WITH THE GENITIVE.—The most com

mon are

1) Verbals in ax, and participles in ans and ens used adjectively.

2) Adjectives denoting desire, knowledge, skill, recollection, participation, mastery, fulness, and their contraries.

EXERCISE LX.

I. Vocabulary.

Amans, ămantis,

Avĭdus, ă, um,

loving, fond of.
desirous of, eager for.

1 Laudis completes the meaning of avidus; desirous (of what?) of praise. It is in the Genitive, by this Rule. In the same way, otii completes the meaning of cupidus; sui, of amans; voluptatis, of efficiens; and gloriae, of memor.

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II. Translate into English.

1. Romāni avidi gloriae1 fuerunt. 2. Homines novitātis avĭdi sunt. 3. Numa pacis1 erat amantissimus.2 4. Patriae amantissimi sumus. 5. Consul gloriae cupidus erat. 6. Cicero gloriae cupidissimus 2 fuit. 7. Milites erant avidissimi certaminis. 8. Fons piscium plenissimus est. 9. Athenienses belli navālis peritissimi fuērunt.

III. Translate into Latin.

1. Boys are fond of praise. 2. Are you not fond of praise? 3. We are fond of praise. 4. Were not the Athenians fond of pleasure? 5. They were always fond of pleasure. 6. They are desirous of glory. 7. Are you not desirous of a victory? 8. We are desirous of a victory.

SECTION VII.

ABLATIVE.

412. The Ablative in its primary meaning is closely related to the Genitive; but, in its general use, it corresponds to the English Objective with from, by, in, with, and expresses various adverbial relations. It is accordingly used with Verbs and Adjectives; while the Genitive, as the case of adjective relations, is most common with Nouns. See 393.

1 Genitive, completing the meaning of the adjective. See Rule XVII. 2 See 162.

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