me (to me) the way? 11. We will show you the way. 12. Did they declare war against the Romans? They had declared war against the Romans.

13.

DATIVE WITH ADJECTIVES.

RULE XIV.- Dative.

391. With Adjectives, the OBJECT TO WHICH the quality is directed is put in the Dative:

Patriae solum omnibus1 carum est, The soil of their country is dear to all. Cic. Id aptum est tempŏri, This is adapted to the time. Cic. Omni aetati mors est communis, Death is common to every age. Cic. Cănis similis lupo est, A dog is similar to a wolf. Cic. Natūrae accommodatum, Adapted to nature. Cic. Graeciae utile, Useful to Greece. Nep.

1. ADJECTIVES WITH DAtive. The most common are those signifying:

Agreeable, easy, friendly, like, near, necessary, suitable, subject, useful, together with others of a similar or opposite meaning, and verbals in bilis.

1 Dative, showing to whom the soil is dear, — dear to all.

In the same

way in these examples, tempori is used with aptum, aetāti with commūnis, lupo with similis, naturae with accommodātum, and Graeciae with utile.

1. Parentes nobis1 cari sunt. 2. Patria nobis cara est. 3. Patria tibi1 erit carissima. 4. Patriae solum nobis carum est. 5. Hannibal exercitui carus fuit. 6. Victoria Romānis grata fuit. 7. Libertas multitudini grata est. 8. Veritas nobis gratissima est. 9. Jucunda mihi oratio fuit. 10. Saguntum Romānis amīcum fuit. 11. Hannibal Saguntum,2 Hispaniae civitatem 3 Romānis * amīcam, expugnāvit.

3

4

III. Translate into Latin.

5

1. Will not these books be useful to you? 2. They are useful to us. 3. They will be useful to you. 4. This law has been useful to the state. 5. Will not this book be acceptable to you? 6. That book will be acceptable to me. 7. This book will be most acceptable to my brother.

SECTION VI.

GENITIVE.

6

393. The Genitive in its primary meaning denotes source or cause; but, in its general use, it corresponds to the English Objective with of, and expresses various adjective relations.

GENITIVE WITH NOUNS.

RULE XVI.-Genitive.

395. Any Noun, not an Appositive, qualifying the meaning of another noun, is put in the Genitive:

1 Dative, according to Rule XIV.

2 Accusative. See Rule V.

3 Appositive, in agreement with Saguntum. See Rule II.

4 Dative with amicam. See Rule XIV.

5 Amicam agrees with civitatem. See Rule XXXIII. p. 32.
6 See 162.

Cătōnis1 ōrātiōnes, Cato's orations. Cic. Castra hostium, The camp of the enemy. Liv. Mors Hămilcăris, The death of Hamilcar. Liv.

See 363.

2. Sapientia est mater

1. Justitia virtūtum 3 regīna est. 3

omnium bonārum artium. 3. Socrates parens philosophiae fuit. 4. Virtus veri honoris mater est. 4 5. Patria commūnis 5 est omnium nostrum 6 parens. 6. Roma orbis 7 terrārum caput fuit. 7. Omnium rerum principia parva sunt. 8. Conscientia recti est praemium virtutis dulcissă

mum.

1 Catonis qualifies oratiōnes, and is in the Genitive, in accordance with the Rule.

2 Literally the circle of lands.

3 Genitive, depending upon regīna. Rule XVI.

4 Genitive, depending upon mater.

5 Communis agrees with parens. See Rule XXXIII. p. 32.

6 Genitive, depending upon parens.

7 Orbis depends upon caput, and terrarum upon orbis.

1. The orations of Cicero are praised. 2. The courage of the soldiers saved the city. 3. The crown of the king was golden. 4. The sword of the general was beautiful. 5. The son of the consul violated the laws of the state. 6. The citizens will observe the laws of the state.

GENITIVE WITH ADJECTIVES.

RULE XVII. — Genitive.

399. Many Adjectives take a Genitive to complete their meaning:

Avidus laudis,1 Desirous of praise. Cic. Otii cupidus, Desirous of leisure. Liv. Amans sui virtus, Virtue fond of itself. Cic. Efficiens voluptatis, Productive of pleasure. Cic. Glōriae měmor, Mindful of glory. Liv.

1. FORCE OF THIS GENITIVE.- The genitive here retains its usual force,—of, in respect of,—and may be used after adjectives which admit this relation.

2. ADJECTIVES WITH THE GENITIVE.- The most com

mon are

1) Verbals in ax, and participles in ans and ens used adjectively.

2) Adjectives denoting desire, knowledge, skill, recollection, participation, mastery, fulness, and their contraries.

1 Laudis completes the meaning of avidus; desirous (of what?) of praise. It is in the Genitive, by this Rule. In the same way, otii completes the meaning of cupidus; sui, of amans; voluptatis, of efficiens; and gloriae, of memor.

II. Translate into English.

1. Romāni avidi gloriae1 fuerunt. 2. Homines novitātis avidi sunt. 3. Numa pacis1 erat amantissimus.2 4. Patriae amantissimi sumus. 5. Consul gloriae cupidus erat. 6. Cicero gloriae cupidissimus fuit. 7. Milites erant avidissimi certaminis. 8. Fons piscium plenissimus est. 9. Athenienses belli navālis peritissimi fuerunt.

III. Translate into Latin.

1. Boys are fond of praise. 2. Are you not fond of praise? 3. We are fond of praise. 4. Were not the Athenians fond of pleasure? 5. They were always fond of pleasure. 6. They are desirous of glory. 7. Are you not desirous of a victory? 8. We are desirous of a victory.

SECTION VII.

ABLATIVE.

412. The Ablative in its primary meaning is closely related to the Genitive; but, in its general use, it corresponds to the English Objective with from, by, in, with, and expresses various adverbial relations. It is accordingly used with Verbs and Adjectives; while the Genitive, as the case of adjective relations, is most common with Nouns. See 393.

1 Genitive, completing the meaning of the adjective. See Rule XVII. 2 See 162.