PERF. ǎmātus essě, to have been PERF. ǎmātus, having been loved.

loved.

FUT. ămătăm iri, to be about to FUT. ǎmandés, to be loved.

be loved.

1 Fuĕrim, fueris, etc., are sometimes used for sim, sis, etc. So also fuissem, fuisses, etc., for essem, esses, etc.

MODELS FOR PARSING REGULAR VERBS.

1. With Subject.

Vōs laudāvistis, You have praised.

Laudavistis is a transitive verb (192, 193) of the First Conjugation (201), from laudo; STEM, laud. Principal Parts: laudo, laudāre, laudāvi, laudatum. Inflection of Tense: laudāvi, laudavisti, laudāvit, laudavimus, laudavistis, laudavērunt, or laudavēre. The form laudavistis is found in the Active voice, Indicative mood, Perfect tense, Second person, Plural number, and agrees with its subject vos, according to Rule XXXV.: "A Finite Verb agrees with its Subject in NUMBER and PERSON.”

This is parsed like laudavistis, above, except that it agrees with vos, implied in the ending istis; while laudavistis, above, agrees with vos expressed.

1. Amo, amābam, amābo.1 2. Amas, amābas, amābis. 3. Amat, amant. 4. Amabat, amābant. 5. Amābit, amā

1 The pupil should carefully compare the forms grouped together under the several numerals, and observe in what they are alike, and in what they are unlike. Thus amo, amābam, amābo, have the letters am

bunt.1

6. Amāmus, amabāmus, amabĭmus. 7. Amāvi, amavěram, amavĕro. 8. Amavit, amavĕrat, amavěrit. 9. Amāvi, amavimus. 10. Amavĕram, amāverāmus. 11. Amavĕro, amaverimus. 12. Amem, amārem, amavĕrim, amavissem. 13. Amēmus, amarēmus, amaverimus, amāvissēmus. 14. Amet, ament. 15. Amaret, amārent. 16. Amavĕrit, amavěrint. 17. Amavisset, amavissent. 18. Ama, amāte, amatōte. 19. Amāto, amanto.

III. Translate into Latin.

1. I praise, I was praising, I will praise. 2. He praises, they praise. 3. He will praise, they will praise. 4. He was praising, they were praising. 5. You were praising, you will praise, you praise. 6. He has loved, he had loved, he will have loved. 7. I have praised, I had praised, I shall have praised. 8. He may love, they may love. 9. Let him praise, let them praise. 10. He would blame, they would blame. 11. I should have praised, we should have praised. 12. Praise thou, praise ye.

FIRST CONJUGATION-PASSIVE VOICE.

EXERCISE XXI.

I. Translate into English.

1. Amor, amābar, amābor. 2. Amāris, amabāris, amabĕris. 3. Amātur, amantur. 4. Amabātur, amabantur.

(the stem, 203) in common; but they differ from each other in the endings,—o, ābam, abo. In the forms amat, amant, there is a still closer resemblance: not only is the stem am common to both, but the endings have the letters at in common; or, in other words, the plural ending ant differs from the singular ending at only in inserting n: AT, ANT.

1 Here the pupil will observe that the plural ending abunt differs from the singular ending abit, not only in inserting n before t, but also in changing i into u: ABIT, ABUNT.

5. Amabitur, amabuntur. 6. Amāmur, amabāmur, amabĭmur. 7. Amātus1 sum, amātus eram, amātus ero. 8. Amātus es, amātus eras, amātus eris. 9. Amātus est, amāti1 sunt. 10. Amātus erat, amāti erant. 11. Amātus erit, amāti erunt. 12. Amer, amārer, amātus sim, amātus essem. 13. Amēmur, amarēmur, amāti simus, amāti essēmus. 14. Ametur, amentur. 15. Amarētur, amarentur. 16. Amātus sit, amāti sint. 17. Amātus esset, amāti essent. 18. Amātor, amantor.

II. Translate into Latin.

1. He is praised, they are praised. 2. He was praised, they were praised. 3. He will be praised, they will be praised. 4. I am blamed, I was blamed, I shall be blamed. 5. You are loved, you are praised. 6. You were loved, you were praised. 7. You will be loved, you will be praised. 8. I have been blamed, you have been praised. 9. I had been blamed, you had been praised. 10. I shall have been blamed, you will have been praised. 11. You may be blamed, you might be blamed. 12. He would have been blamed, they would have been praised. 13. Let him be praised, let them be praised. 14. Be thou praised, be ye praised.

1 The learner will observe, that, when the verb and the subject (expressed or implied) are in the Singular, the participle (amātus), which forms one element of the verb, is also in the Singular; and that, when the verb and the subject are in the Plural, the participle (amāti) is also in the Plural.

The form of the participle also varies with the gender of the subject, as well as with its number. Thus, if the subject is Masculine, the participle will be amātus in the Singular, and amāti in the Plural; if Feminine, amāta in the Singular, and amātae in the Plural; and, if Neuter, amātum in the Singular, and amāta in the Plural. Thus the participle in the compound tenses (i.e., in those which are made up of the participle and the auxiliary sum) agrees with the subject in gender, number, and case, like an adjective, according to Rule XXXV. 1, note.

FIRST CONJUGATION-BOTH VOICES.

EXERCISE XXII.

I. Translate into English.

1. Laudo, laudor.1 2. Laudabo, laudabor.

3. Lauda

8.

15.

bam, laudabar.2 4. Laudem, lauder. 5. Laudārem, laudărer.2 6. Laudat, laudatur.1 7. Amabat, amabātur. Amabit, amabitur. 9. Amet, amētur. 10. Amāret, amarētur. 11. Laudarent, laudarentur. 12. Ament, amentur. 13. Laudant, laudantur. 14. Amabant, amabantur. Laudabunt, laudabuntur. 16. Amāvit, amātus est. 17. Laudaverat, laudātus erat. 18. Amavĕrit, amātus erit. 19. Lauda, laudare. 20. Amāto, amātor. 21. Laudanto, laudantor.

1. He blames, he is blamed. 2. I was praising, I was praised. 3. You will praise, you will be praised. 4. He

1 In this Exercise, the pupil should carefully compare the corresponding forms in the two Voices, the Active and the Passive, and observe the difference between them. The Passive laudor differs from the Active laudo only in adding r; the Passive laudabar differs from the Active laudabam only in taking r in place of m. Thus we find, that, in the Indicative and in the Subjunctive, the first person of the Passive is formed from the first person of the Active by simply adding r; or, if the Active ends in m, by substituting r for m. Again: the Passive laudātur differs from the Active laudat only in adding ur. Thus we find, that, in the Indicative and in the Subjunctive, the third person of the Passive is formed from the third person of the Active by simply adding ur.

2 Where must we look to find the meaning of these endings, in the Vocabulary, or in the Grammar? and where to find the general meaning of the verb? See Suggestion II. To find the meaning of the verb to which laudabor belongs, for what form must we look in the Vocabulary? See Suggestion VII.