Kjos (13 m., pay for 11). By water or boatmen on the Bredheims Vand (Förde- Skei, or Ovrevasenden (3 m.), on the Jolster Vand. The scenery onward is grand and beautiful. Förde, on the Bredheims Vand, a beautiful lake, 14 m. long, above which rises the Skjorta (4120 ft.). A row of 2 to 24 hours brings us to Grodaas (m., pay for 4), Navelsacker's Hotel; near the Horningsdal Vand, 21 m. long. +Indre Hougen († m., pay for 1). Kjelstadlid (4 m.), near the Hornings dalsrok, an almost inaccessible peak of 5016 ft. in height. Passing at Thronstad the road to Aalesund (see Hellesylt), we reach Hellesylt, m. (Sandberg and Tryggestad's inns), favorite headquarters for fishRed, on the lake (14 m.); the surround-ing and excursions. It is grandly situated ings are beautiful. Engage, even by for- on the Sunelrs Fjord, a branch of the Stor bud, horses for all the way to Udvik. (Va- Fjord, one of the grandest in Norway. senden is reached by water, whence by There is a fine waterfall close by. cariole to Sandene, 14 m., whence by steamer to Udvik or Bergen.) Moldestad (m.). Hence to Udvik is crossed one of the worst hills in the country (2000 ft.), in 3 hours (2 hours on foot), with a glorious view of the Justedal Glacier from the summit. Udvik, 1 m. (Hammer's Hotel), on the Nord Fjord. By steamer or row-boat hence to +Falei le, 1 m. (Tenden's Inn), also on the Nord Fjord. The Nord Fjord, one of the finest in Norway, is 8 m. long, its different branches having separate names of their own. The Hyen Fjord is the most beautiful of these, and at Strome good quarters are found. Bergen steamers ply upon the Nord Fjord every three or four days, stopping at Bryggen (Aahjem, 1 m.), Daviken, Nausdal, Nordfjordeid, Hornindal, Ströme, Sandene, Red, and Förde. Visnaes (good inn) is m. farther up. [Across the fiord, 11 m. from Faleide, is Olderen (good inn), whence two beautiful excursions can be made: 1st, to the Lodal Valley, by Sunde, on the Loens Vand, 1 m. long, to Naes, and the Naesdal Glacier; this in one day. Beyond is the Bōdals Glacier. The 2d excursion is to the Oldendal, by carriage to the Olde Vand ( m.), whence a row of 2 hours (1 m.) to the other end; the Glacier of Merkevold is visited hence in one hour, and the Brigsdal Glacier (5 to 6 hours there and back) farther on. The scenery here is equal to almost any thing in Norway. The Justedal Glacier is also reached in from 2 to 3 days.] Hellesylt is the starting-point for an excursion to the Geiranger Fjord, a small arm of the Stor Fjord, one of the most magnificent and attractive in Norway, combining the wildness of the Naero Fjord, which it most resembles, with the picturesqueness of the Hardanger, the grandeur of the Sogne Fjord, and the loveliness of Lake Spirillen. Three sea-miles from Hellesylt (3 to 4 hours by row-boat should the steamer not be passing), at the head of the Geiranger Fjord (14 m. long), is Merok (Merok's Inn), whence a 3 hours' excursion may be taken to the Storsaeterfus. The fiord is inclosed by imposing and precipitous mountains (3000 to 4000 ft.) down whose steep sides trickle innumerable spray-falls, among which are the Seven Sisters; two thousand feet above the surface of the lake are seen some farm-houses, where children and cattle are secured by rope. St. Olaf is the titular deity of these parts. [Hellesylt to Aalesund, by land and water, is a most beautiful excursion, through the Söndmöre, requiring two or three days. Forbud should be sent from Nebbedal to Örstenvig. Passing Tryggestad (1 m.), Hougen ( m.), and +Fibelstad-Hougen (14 m.), in the beautiful Nebbedal valley, with poor quarters, then the Staren (4976 ft.), the Norangsdal, a beautiful valley, is descended to Oie (23 m. from Hellesylt); poor station. Thence to Saebö, by boat (4 m.), on the Faleide to Bergen, by steamer, 22 hours. Hjörend Fjord, opposite the Norangs Fjord, then join this route at Koksvik. a branch of it; these fiords contain magnif- | ören and the Lilledal can be visited, and icent scenery. Ten minutes farther on is Riise (2) m. from Örstenvig); good station. A magnificent view from the hiltop on the way to Brauteset (1 m.); poor station. Thence to Örstenvig, m. (Svendsen's Inn), on the Orsta Fjord, N. m. from Volden; excursions are conveniently made from both places. Here provisions should be taken by tourists going to Hellesylt. By steamer hence to Aalesund (Route 154), reached by steamer direct from Hellesylt, via Slyngstad (2) m.), Andam (14 m.), and Söholt, 1 m.] The Norges Communicationer time-table must be consulted, as continual changes are occurring. (The steamer from [Merok] Hellesylt touches at Sy'te, on the Norddals Fjord, whence the beautiful Ta Fjord may be visited, or Aak and Verblungnaes [5 m.], reached, the first half by cariole.) Touching at Brygden, Lange, and Slyngstad, we reach Söholt (Abrahamsen's Inn), a station frequented as a summer resort, and 4 hours by steamboat from Aalesund. Hence to Ellingsgaard (13 m.), and, through a charming country, to Vestnes (1 N. m.), in a beautiful situation on the Molde Fjord. By row-boat to Molde, in 2 to 3 hours. Steamer to Verblungnaes (Route 139) thrice weekly. Vestnaes to Molde, by steamboat, thrice weekly, 14 m., in 1 hour. Molde, described in Route 139. ROUTE 156. Molde to Trondhjem, by land, via Thingvold, Stangvik, Garberg, and Orkedal. Distance, 18 N. miles. Fast stations from Stangvik onward. Boat-stages from Angsvik to Koksvik, or Thingvold, and from Bolsaet to Stangvik. This is the most direct route, except that by steamer the whole way (No. 154); an easier way is by steamer to Eidsvaag, by cariole from †Stubö (Eidsvaag) to Eidsören († m.), by boat to Fjöseide (3 m.), by cariole to Meisingsaet († m.), and join this route by boat at Stangvik (m.). A more interesting way would be to reach Noste by steamer, visit the Eikis Valley and reach Oxendalsören, whence Sundals The Romsdal and Dovre Fjeld Route (No. 140) will, however, be preferred to any; after which ranks the direct steamboat route, No. 154. Leaving Molde, Lönset (1 m.) is first reached; then along the Fanne Fjord to Eide (1 m.), whence a branch road to Christiansund, via Fursaet († m.) and Battensfjordsören († m.), where the steamer is taken to Christiansund, reached in 1 day from Molde. From Eide a steamer goes through the Kornstad Fjord to Christiansund, also 1 day from Molde. (Christiansund is described in Route 154.) Istad (1 m.); poor inn. Heggeim (1 m.), whence a road branches to Christiansund, via Taarvik (34 m.), and Fladseth, joining the road from Eide. Angsvik (1 m.), whence by boat on the Thingvolds Fjord (96 öre per mile each rower), to Koksvik (m.), near the Thingvold church. From Angsvik (above) to Sundalsören, at the head of the fiord, is 3 N. miles, or 4 stages; thence there is a carriage-road in the Sundal Valley to Aune i Opdal (Route 138), 6 N. m. more. The scenery is fine and the shooting excellent. Bolset (m.); by boat to +Stangvik (m.); fair quarters. Surendalsören can be reached by boat (2 m.), and Haanstad (7 m.) hence by cariole. By the direct road Aasen (1 m.) is reached, through fine scenery, and the Surendal valley entered at Haanstad ( m.), where the scenery and the fishing (salmon, etc.) are very fine; we then reach †Aune (14 m.), a good station; †Foseid ( m.); †Garberg (1¦ m.); Aarlivold i Orkedal (14 m.), a good station; †Bak († m.), see below; †By (1 m.); Saltnaessanden (13 m.); Esp (3 m.), and Trondhjem (14 m.); in all, 184 N. miles. From Bak (above) the traveler will perhaps find it preferable to go by cariole to Orkedalsüren or Nervig (good station), and thence by steamboat to Trondhjem; or, again, to continue by land from Nervig, via +Ei (13 m.), good station; †Saltnaessanden (m.); and 1 N. m. more to Heimdal railway-station, whence by train in hour to Trondhjem, described in Route 113. SWEDEN. ROUTE 157. Gothenburg to Christiania, by rail, via Wenersborg, Mellerud, Frederikshald, Sapsborg, Frederiksstad, Moss, and Drobak. Time, 12 h. 40 m.; fare, 22 kr. 12 öre; distance, 236 E. miles. This is the new mail-route opened late in 1880; the time between Copenhagen and Christiania is much lessened by it, and the communication between the capitals of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden rendered almost as complete as possible, the marshy nature of the western coast of Sweden rendering the construction of direct lines impracticable. From Copenhagen to Gothenburg, see Route 131. Gothenburg (Sw. Göteborg). —Hotels, Göta Källare and Haglund's, both near the Stockholm station. Population, 75,000; it is the first commercial and the second largest city in Sweden, and is the third largest in the Scandinavian peninsulaChristiania having but a few more thousand inhabitants. Gothenburg is on the Göta Elf, or river, about 5 E. m. from its mouth, and is a handsome, well-built city, with a thorough business-like air, and a fing harbor, rarely frozen up in winter. It is divided into an upper and lower town, the latter containing many canals and docks and all the business localities. The suburbs form part of the town, and are uninteresting. as also from the summits of the few barren hills in the vicinity of the town. There is a very fine Exchange-in fact, the finest edifice in the city-erected in 1849, in the Renaissance style, in Gustaf Adolfs Torg, or square, in the centre of which is the statue of Gustavus Adolphus. The first cast was lost off Heligoland, on its way hither; and so great was the salvage demanded by the fishermen of that island, who had recovered it, that an order for a new one from the same model was given. Opposite it is the Radhus, or townhall, first built in 1670, but much altered since that date. The Museum is in the Norra Stora Hamngata, and contains a fair collection of paintings, coins, and subjects of natural history and industry; open week-days, 10 to 2.30, and 4 to 6; admission, 25 öre; Sundays, 12 to 3 and 6 to 8; admission, 10 öre. An admirable Botanical Garden — in these climes where Nature is chary of her favors they are more prized than where she is more liberal-with hot-houses, etc., and a restaurant, should be visited, to the southeast of the town, beyond the Wallgraf, or moat; it is called the Trädgardsförening, and is quite an evening resort on account of the music; admission, 10 öre. Close by, to the west, is the King's Park, Kungsparken. Among other public buildings can be mentioned the Governor's residence, Lands son, and where Charles X., of the Palatinate line, died, in 1660; the New Hospital (Nya Sjukhuset), where over 1200 sick are annually cared for; and a theatre, the Nya (new) Teatern, with some 800 seats. Gothenburg was founded in 1621 by Gus-höfdingsresidenset, built by General Tortentavus Adolphus, and has often, but especially in 1746, suffered from fires, which help to account for its modern appearance. The Danes besieged it in 1641, 1675, 1719, and 1788. It is the see of a bishop and the residence of a military governor. Since Near the Botanical Garden are a num1807 it is no longer a fortress, although it ber of handsome villas, many of which are is still defended by the Billingen and Nya the property of Mr. Dickson, who, like othNabbe batteries toward the sea, and by er members of his family, never ceases in the former fortress of Ny-Elfsborg, finished his efforts for the glory and prosperity of in 1654; this last is near the site of Old his country. In 1880 the Vega, commandElfsborg, which was opposite a former city ed by Pallander, and bearing Nordenskjold, of Gothenburg, built on the island of Hi- the Swedish savant, safely effected the singen in 1607 by Charles IX., and destroy- Northeastern Passage, after several inefed by the Danes in 1612. This island of fectual attempts; and the success of this, Hisingen, on the right bank of the Gotha as well as of many other scientific expeRiver, is connected with the city by a hand-ditions, is in great part due to the enter some iron bridge. The principal churches are the Cathedral and Swedish Church; there is a fine view from the cupola of the latter, prise and munificence of Mr. Dickson. The poor or needy of Gothenburg have always occupied his attention, and numerous in stitutions owe their existence to his initia- | S. miles, or about 285 E. miles (see Route tive and generosity. A large trade is car- | 160). ried on here, owing to the convenient harbor and the ease of transporting freight to the town from all parts of the country by means of the Gotha Canal. Iron, steel, and deals are the principal articles of export. The Post-office is in the Packus Torg, near the New Exchange; Telegraph Office in the Museum; Money-changers, Söderström, Skeppsbron, No. 1; and Odell, Franska-Tomten, by the Skeppsbron (see "Coins," Introductory Information). At Copenhagen exchange will be found more profitable than in Norway or Sweden; but money should be had here for use to Christiania or Stockholm. Bank: Riks bankens Lånekontor, 27 Södra Hamngatan. Cab tariff: In town, 1 or 2 persons, 75 öre; 3 or 4 persons, 1 kr. per drive; per hour, 1 or 2 persons, 14 kr.; 3 or 4 persons, 2 kr. The Lorentsberg Park (restaurant) and the Brunnsparken can also be visited. Saro and Varberg, two favorite seabathing resorts, are reached daily by steamer, to the south of Gothenburg. Känsö is quite a Sunday and holiday resort, also reached by steamer. There is nothing to detain the traveler here unless it be to visit the falls of Trolhätta, in 3 hours; fare, 5 kr. 45 öre. They are on the route from Gothenburg to Stockholm, via the Gotha Canal; and, should the traveler be proceeding to Norway, he could, by visiting them from Gothenburg, then take the direct mail line between Christiania and Stockholm. The whole Gotha Canal line is, however, recommended, as it embraces some of the most beautiful scenery in Sweden (falls of Trolhätta, see Route 161). Gothenburg to Christiania, by steamer, 14 hours; fare, 18 kr. (see Route 131). Gothenburg to Christiania, by steamer to Frederikshald, thence by rail; 10 to 12 hours, and 4 h. 45 m.-about 15 hours in all (see Route 157). Gothenburg to Christiania, by rail to Wenersborg, thence by steamer, through the Dalsands Canal to Strand, thence by road to Frederikshald; hours, 34, 24, 3, and 44: in all, about 35 hours (see Route 158). The most interesting route. Gothenburg to Stockholm, by rail, 12 h. 11 m.; fare, 38 kr. 65 öre; distance, 42.8 Gothenburg to Stockholm, via the Gotha Canal and the falls of Trolhätta, etc., in 24 days. By rail to Trolhatta, thence by steamer; this is by far the most interesting route (see Route 161). The whole trip may also be made by steamer. Gothenburg to Stockholm, via Jönköping and Lake Wettern, by rail and steamboat (see Route 162). Gothenburg to Falun, via Wenersborg, Mellerud, and Kil, by rail, in 12 h. 18 m.; fare, 35 kr. 80 öre. Route 157 to Mellerud, Route 163 to Kil, and Route 175 thence to Falun. Gothenburg reached from Foreign Ports (see "Ways of Entering Sweden," Introductory Information). - Gothenburg to Copenhagen, by steamer, daily, in from 11 to 24 hours, according as they stop at intermediate ports; -to London, Thursdays, 60 hours; to Hull, Fridays, 48 hours;-to Leith, fortnightly;to Frederikshavn, four times weekly, 4 hours, 8 kr. ;-to Kiel, twice weekly, in 22 hours. Passengers should see to the immediate securing of their passages, especially if cabin accommodation be desired; the Skeppsbron is the landing-place of the large steamers, and the Lilla Bommenshamn of the small local ones. Leaving Gothenburg for Christiania, by rail, the train passes to the right of the Gotha River (up which the steamers ply on their way direct to Stockholm, via the Trolhätta Falls) through Agnesberg, 1 m. [a road crosses hence by a ferry over the river to the west to Kongelf, about 6 E. m. distant; an ancient sea-port with some 1100 inhabitants, and a former residence of the kings of Norway, who held many congresses here, whence another name, Kungshäll. It was sacked and destroyed in 1135 by the Vandals, and in 1658 passed into the hands of Sweden. On the Island of Munkholmen (there is another at Trondhjem), where it formerly stood, are the colossal and picturesque remains of the Castle of Bohus, built in 1308 by King Haakon of Norway, and later destroyed by the Vandals. From Kongelf a road leads north through Bohus Län province to Uddevalla, a railway town west of Wenersborg (see Route 171). This province was formerly the Viken, whence | Sarpsborg is reached, fifty minutes from Viking, the common appellation of the dreaded sea-kings or pirates of old, who frequented the snug fiords or unknown recesses in the rock-bound coast from here to the far North. We pass through Kyrkeby (1 m.), near the large and well-cultivated islands of Tjörn and Ornst, Smedseröd (1 m.), Asen, and Grahed (14 m.). This whole province, supporting a sturdy and busy population, is very well off, the mildness of the climate also attracting numbers of summer visitors to the seaside resorts; it is also rich in ancient relics, inscriptions, and Runic stones. Uddevalla (m.); see Route 171.] Upphärnd, Trolhätta (the falls are described in Route 161, ria Gotha Canal to Stockholm). Hence, 14 S. m. to Wenersborg (hotels, Stadhuset and Victoria), described in Route 161. Wenersborg to Stockholm, via Gotha Canal, see Route 161. Wenersborg to Udlevalla, Bäkantorp, and Herrljunga, see Route 171. Wenersborg through the Dalsands Canal to Christiania, see Route 158. Frederikshald. The railway runs over a suspension bridge directly over the falls, which should be visited. There is a twenty minutes' walk from the town to the Sarpsfos fall, or to the fall at Hafslund, on the Glommen, the largest river in Norway, 340 miles long, accompanying nearly the entire railroad line from Christiania to Trondhjem (Route 133), along the frontier, to the north. On its bosom the Österdal Valley timber, the finest in Norway (see Koppang, Route 133), is floated to the sea, much of it being now shaped before exportation. The Sarpsfos, a magnificent volume of water, exceeding that of the falls of the Rhine at Schaffhausen, is 140 ft. wide, falls 75 ft., and is 25 or more ft. deep. Several saw-mills are in the vicinity. Notice also the groove for the sawn timber, as well as the salmon-stairs. In 1702 a large farm-house, with 14 inmates, 200 head of cattle, and a large piece of ground, was undermined and went down the fall. All were killed. On from Sarpsborg, through Alvim and Greaker, to Frederiksstad, inhour (hotels, OL sen's, Torbjörnsen's, and Bōrresen`s), at the mouth of the Glommen, with 10,000 inhab Passing along the western shore of Lake itants and an important timber trade. On Wenern, described in Route 161, Brälanda and the Tosokil, a bay m. distant, lies Hundebunden, a favorite sea-bathing resort. Erikstad are left behind; then Sunnana, From Frederiksstad the traveler should, and next, Mellerud, on Lake Wenern (Mellerud to Kil, by rail, in 24 hours; see Kil, Route 163). Taking a westerly direction, the railway passes through a low marshy country, past Asp dammen and if possible, take the steamboat up the beautiful Christiania Fjord, described in Route 131. Passing through a tunnel, then Onsö (5 Engl. m.), and by the Skinderflo Lake, the train reaches Raade, then Rygge (9 Engl. m. from Frederiksstad), then Dilling and Moss (15 Frederikshald, 4 hours, 4 miles, and 61 Engl. m.); daily steamers to and from E. m. from Mellerud (see Route 158). Frederikshald to Christiania, by rail, 4 h. 45 m.; fare, 6 kr. 12 öre; 85 E. m.; also by steamer in 7 to 9 hours, touching at Frederiksstad. Frederikshald to Strand, by carriage (see Route 158), in 3 hours. Continuing on by rail to Christiania (the scenery is not so fine as up the Christiania Fjord, but enables the traveler to visit the Sarpsfos fall at Sarpsborg), and, passing through Berg and Skjeberg, Christiania in about 4 hours. (See Route 151.) Skirting the Mossesund sound, Soon, a steamboat station, or Soner; then lesby, Aas, and Ski are reached. Ski is but 15 Engl. m. from Christiania, covered in 49 minutes. Oppengaard. Lian and Baekkelaget, with the pictur esque Islands of Ormö and Malmö. Christiania is finally sighted, with the Vardekolle rising to the west in the background. Skirting the Bjorvik Bay, crossing the Lo Elo, the suburb of Oslo is passed, the |