the library, the letter written to Hofer and his brave companions by Lord Bathurst, accompanying £30,000, which arrived too late; the uniform of the Emperor Francis I., as Colonel of the Kaiser-Jäger regiment, etc., etc. On the ground-floor are displayed specimens of the produce and manufactures of the Tyrol; minerals, such as gold from the Zillerthal, quicksilver-ores from Idria, malachite from Schwatz, and apatite from the Zillerthal; among the produce and manufactures, we may mention salt specimens and salt-mine models from Hall, steel implements from the Stubay Thal, silk from Roveredo, and carved wood-work from the Grödnerthal. reached in three quarters of an hour, and should by all means be visited. (Twohorse carriage hither, 4 fl.) It is one of the best-preserved castles in the country for its age, dating back to the 13th century. It was also noted for the famous "Ambras collection" of antiquities, which were removed to Vienna in 1806. It was the favorite residence of Ferdinand II. and his lovely wife, Philippine Welser. The view from the tower is most magnificent. It contains portraits of Ferdinand and his wife at different ages, which are interesting, together with Roman antiquities, etc. Excursion to Schönberg, by Wilten and Berg Isel, 2-horse carriage, 54 Al. To Martinswand, 6 fl. (See Route 4.) The Arch of Triumph, at the southern The remaining points of interest around extremity of the principal street (the Neu- Innspruck are the Weiherburg (huntingstadt), was erected by the inhabitants of seat of the Emperor Maximilian); the PatInnspruck in 1765, in honor of the Em-scherkofel, about twelve miles from the press Maria Theresa with her husband, city, whence can be obtained the finest Francis I., on the occasion of the marriage view, perhaps; and the peasants' dramatic of their son, Leopold II., with the Infanta performances, or Bauern-Comödien, alluded Maria Ludovica. Francis died during the to in our introductory remarks on Tyrol. festivities. In the same street, in front The best are at Büchsenhausen and Pradl. of the Hôtel d'Autriche, may be seen the column of St. Anne, erected 1706, with the inscription: "Ob hostes, tam Bavarum quam Gallum, a. 1703, Tyrolim invadentes, repulsos." The Capuchin Convent, containing the cell occupied for a fortnight every year by the Archduke Maximilian, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, the celebrated knights militant; the Pfarrkirche, containing a painting of the Madonna and Child, supposed to work miracles; the Landhaus, or place of assemblage of the Parliament of Tyrol, and the Post-office constitute other features of interest to the traveler. On market-days (Tuesday and Saturday) the variety of native costumes is very striking. Tourists will here have an opportunity of witnessing some splendid specimens of target-shooting in the vicinity. At one of the Schiess-Stätte, or shooting-grounds, on the opposite side of the river Inn, we counted over 400 targets perfectly riddled with bullets. The walls and ceilings of the rooms whence they shoot were covered with these targets. The grounds are on the slope of Berg Isel, a short drive from the hotels. The Castle of Ambras, farther on, can be Travelers proceeding south should get rid of their Austrian paper money either here or at Botzen, unless coming back or going to Vienna from the south. Innspruck to Munich, via Wörgl, Kuffstein, and Rosenheim, by rail; time, 6 h.; fare, first class, 8 fl.; second class, 5 fl. 30 kr.; distance, 116 miles. (Description, see Route 70.) Innspruck to Verona, via Brenner Pass, Botzen, Trent, and Roveredo, by rail; time, 9 h.; fare, first class, 13 fl. 32 kr.; distance, 174 miles. (Description, Route 71.) Innspruck to Venice, via Verona, by rail; time, 12 h.; fare, 18 fl. 90 kr.; distance, 246 miles. (Description, Routes 71, Vol. III., and 200, Vol. II.) Innspruck to Milan, ria Verona, by rail; time, 12 h. 55 m.; fare, 21 fl. 56 kr.; distance, 280 miles. (Description, see Routes 71, Vol. III., and 200, Vol. II.) Innspruck to Padua, via Verona, by rail; time, 10 h.; fare, 15 fl. 12 kr. ; distance, 197 miles. (See Routes 71, Vol. III., and 200, Vol. II.) Innspruck to Brescia, via Verona, by rail; time, 10 h. 48 m.; fare, 16 fl. 68 kr.; distance, 218 miles. (See Routes 71, Vol. III., and 200, Vol. II.) 1149 Innspruck to Turin, via Verona and Milan, by rail; time, 17 h. 5 m. ; fare, 28 fl. 32 kr.; distance, 374 miles. (See Routes 71, Vol. III., and 200 and 204, Vol. II.) Innspruck to Vienna, via Kuffstein and Salzburg, by rail; time, 18 h. 27 m.; fare, 23 fl. 11 kr.; distance, 320 miles. (See Routes 70, Vol. III., and 189, Vol. II.) Innspruck to Salzburg, via Kuffstein, by rail; time, 9 h. 7 m.; fare, 8 fl. 17 kr.; distance, 125 miles. (See Routes 70, Vol. III., and 189, Vol. II.) Innspruck to Paris, via Kuffstein, Munich, Augsburg, and Strasburg, by rail; time, 29 h. 30 m.; fare, 56 fl. 36 kr.; distance, 706 miles. (See Routes 70, Vol. III., 173, Vol. II., and 128, Vol. I.) Innspruck to London, via Munich, Strasburg, Paris, Calais, and Dover; time, 40 hours; fare, 85 fl. 72 kr.; distance, 922 miles. (See Routes 70, Vol. III., 173, Vol. II., and 128 and 111, Vol. I.) Innspruck to Berlin, via Munich, Eger, Leipzig, and Wittenberg, by rail; time, 22 h. 50 m.; fare, 34 fl. 35 kr.; distance, 526 miles. (See Routes 70, Vol. III., and 165 and 160, Vol. II.) Innspruck to Dresden, via Munich, Eger, Reichenbach, and Chemnitz; time, 14 hours; fare, 30 fl. 21 kr.; distance, 460 miles. (See Routes 70, Vol. III., and 165 and 171, Vol. II.) Innspruck to Leipzig, via Munich, Eger, and Reichenbach; time, 184 hours; fare, 27 fl. 51 kr.; distance, 423 miles. (See Routes 70, Vol. III., and 165, Vol. II.) Innspruck to Frankfort, via Munich, Wurzburg, and Aschaffenburg; time, 19 h. 55 m.; fare, 21 fl. 10 kr.; distance, 375 miles. (See Routes 70, Vol. III., and 174 and 170, Vol. II.) Innspruck to Stuttgart, via Munich, Augsburg, and Ulm; time, 12 h. 5 m.; fare, 16 fl. 36 kr.; distance, 170 miles. (See Routes 70, Vol. III., and 173, Vol. II.) Innspruck to Stuttgart, via Jenbach, Krimml (Cascades), Lend, and from Wildbad-Gastein, via Lend to Salzburg. (See Route 79.) Innspruck to Salzburg, via Wörgl and Reichenhall. (See Route 86.) Innspruck to Munich, via Achensee, Kreuth, Tegernsee, and Holzkirchen. (See Routes 70 and 15.) Innspruck to Colico, Como, and Milan, via Stelvio Pass (see Route 72); and via Lan ROUTE 71.-Innspruck to Verona, via Brenner Pass, Sterzing, Brixen, Botzen, Trent, Roveredo, and Ala, by rail; time, 9 hours; fare, first class, 13 fl. 32 kr.; distance, 174 miles. The Brenner is the oldest and the lowest of the Alpine routes; was known to the Romans, and employed by Drusus. Carriages were able to pass over in 1772, and in 1867 the railway was opened. Leaving Innspruck, and proceeding along the right bank of the Sill, we pass Wiltau, containing an ancient abbey with a poor legend, and traverse the tunnel of Isel, 700 yards in length. Behind Wiltau, and supported by the Alps is Berg Isel, where, in 1809, three memorable victories were gained over the French and Bavarians by Hofer and Speckbacher, commanding the Tyrolese. A Gothic monument on the summit commemorates these victories. Before reaching Matrey (9 miles), nine tunnels are passed through, the longest over nine hundred yards in length; notice the Patscher Kofel on the left (7350 feet). On the right we have the verdant valley of Stubay, the snowy peaks at its upper extremity (Schrankogel, 11,475 feet) contrasting strangely with the green meadows and dark woods, giving a sombre hue to the foreground. (At Schönberg, two hours by carriage from Innspruck, the scenery is considered the finest in Tyrol.) The road is very beautiful from here to SteinachInnspruck, in the deep valley, which you see from the tops of the surrounding mountains, looking exceedingly grand. Steinach (16 miles)—Hôtel Post-a village entirely rebuilt in stone since the conflagration of 1853, has a church containing several good pictures by Martin Knoller, one of the best Tyrolese painters, born here in 1725. Passing Staflach, whence a path leads into the Zillerthal (see Route 79); crossing the Schwinerthal, and turning to the right, we pass Gries, and the Ruins of Lueg, where a monument records an interview between Charles V. and his brother Ferdinand. Then comes the small Lake Brenner, which abounds in excellent trout, and we reach Brenner Station (27 miles), the summitlevel of the railway, 4775 feet above the sea. From the summit of the pass there is but little to be seen, the road being completely shut in with high hills. Notice, behind the inn, a small rushing stream; this gives birth to the Eisach, which descends into the Adige, and flows into the Adriatic; on the opposite side of the road is a cascade formed by the river Sill, which here falls into the Inn, and through it into the Black Sea. The railway now passes along the bank of the Eisach, and we descend, past Brenserbad (mineral baths, with fair accommodation), through two tunnels to Station Schelleberg. From here to Gossensass Station (33 miles) is a short distance, the line making a very pronounced curve around the side of the mountain, and passing through a tunnel nearly 800 yards in length. The view of the glaciers before reaching Gossensass is very fine, more especially so, however, if going towards Innspruck. Notice above Gossensass the Ruins of Raspenstein, the old "robber's nest." [The valley on the left is the Pflerschthal, which is terminated at its upper extremity by the Stubay mountains; it has a village, Pflersch, about 10 miles from Gossensass, and about three miles farther on, the Cascade of Hölle.] Farther on the ruined Castle of Strassberg is passed. Sterzing Station (42 miles). Hôtel Post, fair. Population, 2200. A very pretty little town situated on the site of the Roman Vipitenum, in the Sterzinger Moss, or Marsh. It derived much wealth and importance in the Middle Ages from the rich silver, lead, and copper mines which once existed in the neighborhood. The fine ancient buildings with arcades, of which the one called the Jöchselthurm is the most striking, and the parish church, raised by subscriptions at the end of the 15th century, just outside the town, contain abundant proof of the wealth of the miners and the former wealth of the inhabitants. The mines, however, are now exhausted, and the town depends nearly altogether on the through travel. A fine view can be had from the Capuchin Convent. From Sterzing to Meran, via the Jaufen, St. Leonards, and the Passeyrthal (Hofer's place of birth and betrayal); time, 6 hours; distance, 17 miles. (See Route 88.) [A mule-path can be taken from Sterzing to Botzen over the Penserjoch and through the Sarnthal.] Leaving Sterzing the castles of Sprechenstein and Reifenstein are soon seen on the left and right, respectively; station Freienfeld is passed; then the Sterzinger Moss, a marshy flat; notice a small chapel on the roadside, commemorative of the defeat in 1797, of the French advance-guard under Joubert, by the Tyrolese peasantry. Near this same spot, in 1703, the Bavarians, under the Prince-Elector, Max Emanuel, were defeated by the Tyrolese. Beyond Freienfeld, on the left, rise the ruins of Welfenstein Castle, built on the site of a Roman fortress, crowning the rock, and itself the stronghold commanding the Pass during the Middle Ages. Station Grasstein.-The flat terminates near Mauls, and the railroad enters a deep gorge-one of those numerous defiles so advantageous to the Tyrolese in defending their country against invasion. Mittewald, about half-way through, was the scene of a fierce conflict in 1809, when Marshal Lefebvre, Duke of Dantzig, at the head of the French and Saxon forces, was repulsed by the courageous Capuchin Haspinger, at the head of his Tyrolese Landsturm; while Hofer, descending from the Jaufen, and Speckbacher from the Punleitersteg, fell on his rear, resulting in the entire force being cut to pieces; the marshal, with a few followers, reaching Innspruck, bearing the first news of their defeat, and leaving behind baggage, arms, and ammunition. Oberau, where the advanced guard of the same general, composed of 550 Saxons, were surrounded and compelled to surrender, after a desperate resistance, whence the defile has been called the Sachsenklemme, or "Defile of the Saxons." and well worth a visit. There are numerous convents in the town, one of which is English. The town, though situated in a very picturesque position, amid luxuriant vegetation, is by no means cleanly. Brixen to Vil'ach, via Franzenfeste and Brunecken, through the Pusterthal, by Brixen to Villach, by carriage, via Franzenfeste, Brunecken, Mühlbach, Neiderndorf, Innechen, Sillian, Lienz, Sachsenburg, and Spital, with excursions to Windisch - Matrey, Gross Glockner, Heiligenblut, and Gross Venediger by bridle-paths; time 264 hours; distance, 128 miles. Eil wagen, stellwagen, or postwagen. (See Route 90.) Crossing to the right bank, and passing Unterau (a fine view of Brixen can be had at the end of the gorge), the railroad pass-rail; time, 7 h. 42 m.; fare, 10 fl. 8 kr.; es Franzenfeste, a fortress mounting 137 distance, 135 miles. [The railway was cannon, constructed by the Austrian gov- opened through the Pusterthal in 1871; ernment, in 1838, to command the routes to nothing special but the scenery.] (See Carinthia, Brixen, Verona, and Innspruck. Route 90; or 191, Vol. II.) A new fortress is about to be constructed. Franzenfeste Railway Junction (58 miles), a branch line going to the east to Villach. (Description, see Route 191, Brixen to Villach.) A carriage-road also strikes off here, following the railroad, by which Villach in Carinthia can be reached by eilwagen in 26 hours; distance, 128 miles; stellwagen or postwagen easily procured. (Description of this road, also available for those traveling by rail, see Route 90.) This road is also taken as far as Brunecken in Route 89. (See Brixen.) To the left, on the Eisach, is Neustift, founded in 1142, the richest monastery in Tyrol, and the burial-place of the famous troubadour, Oswald von Wolkenstein, the ruins of whose castle are still to be seen near Castebruth, in the Grödnerthal. (Route 89.) The Baths of Vahrn, at the entrance of the Valley of Schalders, are passed on the right; 14 hours farther up are the Baths of Schalders. A change in the flora is here evident, vines and chestnut-trees making their appearance. Brixen (57 miles), situated at the confluence of the Rienz and Eisach. Hotels: Elephant, Sun, Golden Cross. Population, 4000. Brixen was for fifteen centuries the seat of an archbishopric, dating from the 4th century to 1803, when it was suppressed and the principality united to the Tyrol. In the Cathedral, built in the 15th century and restored in 1754, is a good painting of Jesus on the Cross, by Schoepf. On the right is the entrance to the Cloisters, with some ancient frescoes and tumular relics. Not far from the Cathedral is the Church of St. John with a fine tower. The carriage-road itself follows the railroad mentioned above. Brixen to Botzen, for pedestrians, via Franzenfeste, Brunecken, the Gaderthal, St. Leonards, and Grödnerthal. (See Route 90.) [This route takes the traveler the same way as the two former ones, as far as Brunecken, up the Pusterthal; he then turns south through the Gaderthal to St. Leonards, and leaving the Ampezzo Route to the left (Route 82), he keeps on through the Grödnerthal to Botzen, whence he can continue on with our present route of Innspruck to Verona.] Klausen (62 miles) - Hôtel Gans - 8 small town with a single street, which skirts the banks of the river, the mountain squeezing close on the other side. On a high precipice above the town stands the Convent of Seben; it is of very ancient date, and was originally a Rhætian fortress; after that a Roman castle. In the 13th century it became the seat of the archbishop. On the northern tower, which is nearly 600 feet above the road, may be seen a crucifix: it marks the spot where one of the nuns, during the French invasion, after having been pursued from chamber to chamber by some brutal soldiers, leaped from the rock, as the only means of preThe Episcopal Palace, which lies south-serving her vow of chastity unbroken. west of the town, and surrounded by an The Capuchin Convent, outside the town, immense garden, is a beautiful building, is one of the richest in the Tyrol it was founded by the queen of Charles II. of Spain, whose confessor was a native of Klausen, and on whose account the queen bestowed much riches on the establishment, such as mass robes and other church ornaments, jewels, books, and pictures. In 1797, during the French war, the women and girls of the vicinity took a very active part in defending the various passes against the advance of the enemy. The Emperor of Austria sent them a letter expressing his thanks for their timely assistance. They repulsed the enemy near Lazfous, disguised in men's cloaks. To the left a path over the bridge on the Eisach leads into the Grōdnerthal. (See Route 89.) At the entrance to the valley rises, on an eminence, the picturesque Castle of Trostburg, belonging to Count von Wolkenstein. Six miles beyond it is Castebruth. (See Route 89.) Atzwang, a small village of no note. Hôtel Post. Traversing four small tunnels, and passing Blumau, we emerge into the Valley of Botzen, where the eye is greeted with a most luxuriant vegetation (provided it is the proper season), and a view of the town in the distance, enhanced by romantic castles, porphyry cliffs, and villages crowning the heights.. ing by Lazzarini; a monument of the Archduke Regnier, who died in 1853; an artistically carved pulpit; and a portal on the west side, embellished by two lions of red marble. Notice its elegant open spire, finished in 1519, the work of Burghard Engelberger, of Augsburg. The gilding of the ball surmounting it cost 171 ducats in Sterzing. Four large fairs are held annually in Botzen, and at these, as well as on Saturdays (Market-day), travelers will find nothing wanting in the variety and picturesqueness of native costumes. The remaining points of interest are the Calvary, whence can be had a fine view of the town and its surroundings; and the New Cemetery, containing the monument of the Giovanelli family by Schnorr. Interesting excursions can be made in the vicinity, of which the best are (1st) to Sigmundskron, an old castle of 1473, built by Archduke Sigmund on the ruins of an ancient Roman fortress. It is situated on a prominent eminence, about three miles southwest of Botzen, in the valley of the Adige. Permits are necessary, as it is now used as a magazine; these will be procured for the traveler at the hotel. Farther on is (2d) Hoch Eppan, a powerful stronghold of Botzen, beautifully situated at the con- the 11th century, belonging to the house of fluence of the Eisach and the Telfer, a short Eppan, one of the principal seigneuries of distance above where their united waters ancient Tyrol. From its battlements in those empty into the Adige. It contains 10,000 days were to be seen thirty-six castles, their inhabitants. Principal hotel: Kaiserkrone, owners all owing allegiance to the lords of During the Middle Ages, Botzen was the Eppan. A deadly feud existing between great commercial thoroughfare connecting them and the Counts of Tyrol and of Trent, the North with Venice and the Mediterra- formidable encounters were of constant ocnean and Oriental trade. It enjoys to-day, currence in the intervening territory, sevbeing intersected by the roads leading from en miles distant from Botzen. Austria, Germany, Italy, and Switzerland, drive to Sarntheim (Hôtel Schweizer), in the the most flourishing trade in the Tyrol. The Sarnthal, twelve miles north of Botzen. inundation of 1882 over the country south The ruins of numerous castles surmount and west did frightful damage-to roads and different eminences in the glen; notice bridges, over 2,000,000 fl.; railroads, about Schloss Runkelstein, containing some curi4,000,000 fl.; private property, 15,000,000 fl. ously restored frescoes, three miles from A strong dike of masonry, two miles long Botzen; three miles still farther on, capand nearly twenty-four feet high, has been ping a precipitous cliff of porphyry, is the constructed to defend the town from the pilgrimage Chapel of Johann am Kofel, 450 irruptions of the turbulent Telferbach, feet high. Sarntheim is six miles farther which would otherwise often overflow it. on. To enjoy this excursion thoroughly The principal streets are bordered with ar- a day is necessary. (4th) The Porphyry cades, similar to those of Padua and Berne. Gorges in the Valley of Karneid should be The Parish Church (or Pfarrkirche) is a visited, by taking a drive to Wälschenofen, Gothic structure dating from the 14th and twelve miles from Botzen. Full compen15th centuries. It contains an altar-paint-sation will be found in the romantic beauty (3d) A |