sarily followed, had they been positive at that time, how they had played their enemies gamt to their own ruin, and even ruin to his majesty: therefore they made for him the best conditions they could, that is, for the safety and honour of his person; and, to avoid greater mischiefs, were necessitated to leave him in England; and so marched away, which they did in Fe iniquity was stopped, malice itself had nothing to say to give the least blemish to the faithful ness and reality of the kingdom of Scotland, and the clearness of their proceedings; their zeal for peace, without self-seeking and selfends, to make advantage of the miseries and misfortunes of England." pretending the poverty of the kingdom and the great sums the Scots had raised; and therefore they would give but 100,000/ which they knew was all one with a hundred shillings, as to the satisfying of the soldiers for marching away. In the end, after many debates in the house, and passages to and again with the Scots commissioners, the lowest sum that could be agreed unto by the commissioners was 400,000/.bruary 1646.-Here then the very mouth of two in hand, and the other two after some time; with a protestation of theirs, that the army would not be satisfied with less, nor enabled to march, which was motive enough for these men to deny it; for if they could have wrought the dissatisfaction of the army, so as to have refused to go, it was where they would have it. Whereupon it was opposed by Mr. Rushworth acts in this affair as a colthem with all the power they had; but in the lector only, making few or no reflections on the and the better part, that is the moderate conduct of the English and Scots at this part party, who were the peace-makers, those that cular crisis; for, after giving a copy of a Letter laboured to keep things even and fair between from the parliament of Scotland to that at the two kingdoins, carried it; and the sum Westminster, to which a Declaration from that was voted, and all things agreed upon, though kingdom was subjoined, (see p. 541), contain with difficulty; (for they fought it out and lost ing, as he remarks, their full consent to the it by inches) then the Scots declared they delivering up the king, this historian proceeds would march out by such a day. Yet had our to tell us, "That the commissioners who were Boutefeus one hope left, which was to quarrel to receive the king came to Newcastle, on the at last about the Person of the King; believing 23d of January, to whom his majesty gave the the Scots would certainly have taken his ma honour of kissing his band; and the earl of jesty with them into Scotland. This they Pembroke told his majesty, They were camknew had been ground sufficient, and would manded by both houses of parliament to attend have engaged all England against them, giving him to Holdenby; at which his majesty did a confirmation to all the jealousies formerly not seem at all surprized, but inquired bow raised, and occasioned a thousand more; and the ways werc. On the 28th of January the had certainly more advantaged the designs of Scots lords being all with his majesty, he told those who thirsted after the destruction of the them, He had often desired to go into Scot king first, the Scots next, and then all such as land; that he came into their army for protec desired peace within this kingdom; and have tion, and had it, but now perceived they were made them a smoother way to their damnable not willing he should go to Edinburgh; and ends, the altering of the government, and they being to deliver up the garrisons, he de bringing in a confusion both in church and sired to know how they would dispose of him; state, than any thing that could have hap- and for that end required them to withdraw, pened; and the two kingdoms had been to- and consider to whom they would deliver him, gether in blood, the author of the mischief which they did; and coming in again, they undiscovered, masked over with the glorious told his majesty, That they had considered of pretences of zealously vindicating the honesty his speech; and that since his majesty bad and interest of England, and every breach of refused to take the Covenant and sign the covenant and treaty in this cause; which made Propositions, they were to deliver him to the them with so much peremptoriness and inci- commissioners of both houses of parliament of vility, and in truth injustice, demand that the England, who were come to attend him to Scots would deliver up his majesty, who had Holdenby. On Saturday the 30th of January an equal interest in his royal person with the the Scots marched out of Newcastle, Skippon kingdom of England, he being equally king of took possession of it, and the parliament's com both; and an equal interest in the closing and missioners received the king into their charge; binding up the unhappy differences which were soon after they set forwards with him to Dur between him and both his kingdoms, they hav-ham, and so on to Holdenby, being met by ing been engaged in that quarrel at the en-the way by sir Thomas Fairfax, who kissed his treaty of England; and made up together an intire body with England, as is before shewed, for the prosecution of it: therefore they had no more reason to trust us with the king than we had them, and as much were they concerned in all that related to his majesty's person; so as they had ground enough to have disputed it, and out of that hope was it pressed by the others. But the wisdom of the Scots nation foresaw the inconveniences which must have neces majesty's hand, and, having conducted his majesty through Nottingham, took his leave very respectfully;, and so his majesty wai brought to Holdenby, where he arrived os Tuesday the 16th of February."† →Collections, vol. vi. p. 398. To the sentiments of the above-quoted contemporary Historians, we shall add the following reflections of Mr. Hume, upon the The King desires that some of his Chaplains ay attend him at Holdenby.] Feb. 19. Anomer Letter came from the commissioners at Holdenby, with one inclosed in it from the ing, which was read in these words: And now, leaving it to the reader's judgment | sire my consent, I will not lose time in giving determine, from the foregoing extracts of Reasons, which are obvious to every body, The Journals of both houses, how far these why it is fit for me to be attended by some of ontemporary writers have been led by truth my Chaplains, whose opinions, as clergymen, r prejudice, we proceed to the subsequent I esteem and reverence; not only for the exransactions of parliament. ercise of my conscience, but also even for clearing my judgment concerning the present differences in Religion, as I have more fully declared to Mr. Marshall and his fellow minister; having shewed them that this is the best and likeliest means of giving me satisfaction; which, without it, I cannot have in these things, whereby the distractions of this Church may be the better settled; wherefore I desire that at least two of those reverend divines, whose names I have here set down, may have free liberty to wait upon me, for the discharging of their duty to me according to their function, viz. The bishop of London, the bishop of Salisbury,+ the bishop of Peterborough, Dr. Sheldon, clerk of my closet, Dr. Marshe, dean of York, Dr. Saunderson, Dr. Bailey, Dr. Fuller, Dr. Hammond, Dr. Heywood, Dr. Beal, Dr. To the SPEAKER of the House of Peers pro tempore, to be communicated to the Lords and Commons in Parliament assembled at Westminster. "C. R. Holdenby, Feb. 17, 1646. "Since I have never dissembled nor hid my onscience, and that I am not yet satisfied with nose alterations in Religion to which you de mand in the garrisons or forces under sir Tho. Fairfax: That there be no officer above a colo nel: that they should all take the Covenant: that none who bad borne arms against the parliament should be in command: that they should all conform to the established church. This last occasioned a debate and a division of the house, but was carried for it by 136 against 108.-Then it was resolved, That no profane curser or swearer, drunkard or whoreinaster, or otherwise scandalous in life or conversation, shall be employed as an officer in any of the garrisons or forces that are to be kept up in the kingdom of England. ubject: "Great pains were taken by the cots (and the English complied with their retended delicacy) to make this estimation nd payment of arrears appear a quite diffe-Taylor." cut transaction from that for the delivery of The lords resolved to take this Letter of the he king's person: but common sense requires, King's into consideration the next morning. hat they should be regarded as one and the Notwithstanding which, we do not find that me. The English, it is evident, had they they took any further notice of it this month. ot been previously assured of receiving the March 8. The commons voted, “That no ing, would never have parted with 30 consi-member of that House should have any comerable a sum; and while they weakened emselves, by the same measure have strengthned a people, with whom they must afterwards ave so material an interest to discuss. Thus te Scottish nation underwent, and still unergo (for such grievous stains are not easily iped off), the reproach of selling their king, ad betraying their prince for money. In vain id they maintain, that this money was, on ccount of former services, undoubtedly their ne; that in their present situation, no other easure, without the utmost indiscretion,or even eir apparent ruin, could be embraced; and at, though they delivered their king into the ands of his open enemies, they were them The business of reducing the army had been elves as much his open enemies as those to debated, on the 19th ult. in the commons; hom they surrendered him, and their common and the question being put, Whether there atred against him had long united the two should be a number of foot kept up, at the pay arties in strict alliance with each other. They of the kingdom, more than what would be vere still answered, that they made use of sufficient for the keeping of such garrisons as his scandalous expedient for obtaining their should be continued? "the house divided, and ages; and that, after taking arins, without it passed in the negative, 158 against 148. ny provocation, against their sovereign, who After which vote the house proceeded to order ad ever loved and cherished them, they had the dismantling and slighting the works and eservedly fallen into a situation, from whichgarrisons of several cities and towns, many bey could not extricate themselves, without ither infamy or imprudence. The infamy of his bargain had such an influence on the Scotish parliament, that they once voted, that the ing should be protected, and his liberty inisted on. But the general assembly interposed, and pronounced, that, as he had refused to ake the covenant, which was pressed on him, it became not the godly to concern themselves about his fortunes. After this declaration, it behoved the parliament to retract their vote." castles and forts, in England, Wales, &c. amounting, in all, to a very great number. A second Letter from the King, desiring the Attendance of his Chaplains.] March 8. The Speaker presented to the house of lords some letters he had received from the earl of Denbigh, &c. with another Letter inclosed from the King, was read: as follows: "C. R. It being now 17 days since I wrote * Dr. William Juxon. Dr. Brian Duppa, Dr. John Towers. unto you from hence, and not receiving any A Petition from several Officers of the Army Answer to what I then desired, I cannot but to the House of Lords.] March 25. The next now again renew the same unto you and remarkable transaction of this month is a Pe indeed concerning any thing but the necessary tition from some Officers of the Army to the duty of a Christian, I would not thus, at this lords, which is the first we have met with pretime, trouble you with any of my desires; butsented from that quarter: viz. my being attended with some of my Chaplains, whom I esteem and reverence, is that which is so necessary for me, even considering my present condition, whether it he in relation to my conscience, or a happy settlement of the present distractions in Religion, that I will slight divers kinds of censures rather than not obtain what I demand; nor shall I do you the wrong as in this to doubt the obtaining of my wish, it being totally grounded upon reason; for desiring you to consider, not thinking it needful to mention, the divers Reasons, which no Christian can be ignorant of, for point of conscience, I must assure you that I cannot, as I ought, take into consideration those alterations in Religion, which have been, and will be offered unto me, without such help as I desire; because I can never judge rightly of, or be altered, in, any thing of my opinion, so long as any ordinary way of finding out the truth is denied me: but when this is granted me, I promise you faithfully not to strive for victory in argument, but to seek and to submit to truth, according to that judgment which God hath given me; always holding it my best and greatest conquest to give contentiment to my two houses of parliament in all things which I conceive not to be against my conscience or honour; not doubting likewise but that you will be ready to satisfy me in reasonable things, as I hope to find in this particular, concerning the attendance of my Chaplains upon me. Holdenby March 6, 1646." Which is denied him.] The question being put, Whether their lordships will allow any of that number which the king desires, in his list, to go down to him to Holdenby, to reside there for 20 days: it was resolved in the affirinative. And the King's Letter was ordered to be sent down to the house of commons. The lords also appointed a committee of their house to draw up an Answer to his majesty's Letter, according to the sense of that house, That if the king thought fit to admit such of his Chaplains, as had taken the Covenant, they were inclined to give them leave. But the commons were more explicit than the lords in this affair; and absolutely voted, "That no persons should be employed about the person of the king, in any capacity, or be admitted to have access to him, but such only as have continued with the parliament and adhered thereto; and had testified their good affections to the parliament and their cause, and had taken the national League and Covenant.* **" That which most displeased the king," says lord Clarendon, was, that they would not permit him to have his own Chaplains; but ordered Presbyterian Ministers to attend To the Right Hon. the Lords in Parliament assembled: The Humble PETITION Colonels, Lieutenant-Colonels, Majors, and other Officers that have faithfully served the great Cause of the Kingdom, under the Authority of the Parliament, "Sheweth; That your Petitioners having faithfully served you in the maintenance and settlement of Religion, according to the tener of the national Covenant taken by them, af the Liberty of the Subject, and of the Pri leges of Parliament, in the times of the king dom's greatest exigence, which were the pri cipal ends for which they were at first engaged; they cannot but hold themselves bound in bo nour and conscience, in concurrence with many others, to tender to your honours consideration such things as they, in all submission, conceive exceedingly conducing to the speedy effecting of the said ends, together with their own s and neglected condition; humbly desiring your honours favourable construction of their good intentions therein, with an opportune and timely Answer unto these ensuing particular, viz. 1. That the public worship of God say speedily be settled according to the Word God, and the example of the best reformed churches. 2. That the subject may have the benefit of Magna Charta, and the Petition Right, so far forth as may comport with the necessities of the kingdom. 3. That all com mittees in the several counties may be reme ed; and that the treasurers and sequestration of the said counties may be called to a speet and strict account, for the better satisfact and ease of the kingdom. 4. That such of Divine Service, and his majesty, utterly e fusing to be present at their devotions, compelled at those hours to be his own chap lain in his bed-chamber; where he constantly used the Common-Prayer by himself. H majesty bore this constraint so heavily, that i writ a letter to the house of peers, in which inclosed a list of the names of thirteen of Chaplains; any two of which he desired might have liberty to attend him for his devotion. To which, after many days consideration, they returned this Answer; That all those Chap lains were disaffected to the Established Go vernment of the Church, and had not takea the Covenant; but that there were others whe had, who, if his majesty pleased, should be sent him.' After this Answer, his majesty thought it to no purpose to importune the farther in that particular; but, next to the having his own Chaplains, he would have been best pleased to have been without any; they who were sent by them, being men of meat parts, and of most impertinent and trouble some confidence and importunity," The officers who subscribed this Petition were all called in again, and had for Answer, "That the house gave them thanks for, their good affections to them, and their ser vices to the kingdom and parliament; and they take it well concerning their offer for Ireland: and as to their arrears, their lordships. will do their parts, and will take their Petition into consideration." the parliament, and, in regard of their professions, and that they might have done this merely out of inadvertency, they were willing to pass it by." cers as have served under any general com- | colonels; Jeremiah Baines, James Baker, Rt. mand, may have the accounts of their arrears Wiltshire, Wm. Forcy, Wm. Warneford, lieut. speedily audited in London; and that a spe- colonels." cial order may be issued to the several committees of accounts residing in other counties, forthwith to audit the accounts of such officers as have been subservient to the orders of the committees of the said counties. 5. That such Pay as shall appear due unto the said officers, under the hands of committees of accounts, according to the establishment, may be forthwith paid unto them, with interest; that the Ordinance upon the Bishops Lands, with the On the same day a copy of the above Pesecurity of the Excise, may be revived for the tition was presented to the house of comdischarge thereof; and that such part as is re- mons by the same Officers, to whom the house spited on the public faith, may be discharged, sent out four of their members with the with interest, at the end of 6 months, deduct- following Answer: "That, as to their Arrears, ng the surcharges of the several counties; and the house had and would take them into conthat an order may be issued to the said several sideration, with others, in such manner as they counties to bring in their surcharge within the should think fit, as well as their desires of emtime of 3 months, or otherwise that they shall ployment. That as to the rest of the Petition, not be charged to our accounts; that so all of about the Management of public Affairs, it did as may not be utterly ruined, as some of us alnot concern any persons to give instructions to eady are, by tedious and long solicitations, the houses therein; yet, in consideration the 3or your justice blemished through our neces-petitioners were men that had done service to sities and sufferings. 6. That all such Officers and Soldiers as have contracted any debts since this war begun, in order to the carrying on of the public service, either by want of the ayinent of their due salary, or by reason of heir own disbursements, may have their perons freed from all process, arrests, or molestaion until their arrears shall be discharged; and that then their creditors shall be proporionably satisfied, and the said officers left to be usual course and full power of the law as ormerly. 7. That an act of indemnity may e passed for all Officers and Soldiers, for such ctions as have been done by them in reference o the public service since the beginning of his war. 8. That all such Officers as have ost the benefit of their estates, and have disoursed divers sums of money for raising men, jorses, arms, or ammunition, or in the managng their public trust, shall be considered for heir said losses, and allowed for the said disursements, upon just proof thereof made be- The following succinct account of the ore the committees of accounts; and that the origin of the commotions in the Army, as given aid committees shall have special order given by Mr. Hume, will throw considerable light hem to audit such disbursements when they upon the subsequent proceedings of both hall be brought unto them. 9. That not for houses: "In proportion as the terror of the etting your honours tender care of the sad king's power diminished, the division between Condition of bleeding Ireland, and that nothing independent and presbyterian became every may be wanting on our parts towards the pro-day more apparent; and the neuters found it noting of so honourable and pious a work, me of us have engaged ourselves already, and the rest are most ready to contribute their Dest assistance thereunto, even as your honours hall be pleased to command us. And, in pursuance of a full establishment of the particulars aforesaid, as in your great wisdoms shall e thought most convenient, your petitioners do offer their utmost service and assistance, with their lives and fortunes, and shall ever pray, &c. T. Essex, Rd. Sandys, Mat. Alured, Francis Goffe, Nich. Devereux, James Midhope, Tho. Caryl, Tho. Covell, John Butler, VOL. III. Fetition and Representation from the Army to Sir T. Fairfar.] March 30. The house of lords were informed, by some officers who came to offer themselves volunteers for the Irish service, of a Petition handed about in the Army, to be signed and delivered to sir Tho. Fairfax, their General; a copy of which was shewn and read to the lords in these words:* To his Excellency sir THOMAS FAIRFAX, Kit. General of the Parliament's "Sheweth; That, ever since our first engaging in this service, for preserving the power at last requisite to seek shelter in, one or de other faction.. Many new writs were issued for elections, in the room of members who had died, or were disqualified by adhering to the king; yet still the presbyterians retained the superiority among the commons and all the peers, except lord Say, were esteemed of that party. The independents, to whom the inferior sectaries adhered, predominated in the army: and the troops of the new model were universally infected with that enthusiastic spirit. To their assistance did the independent party amon; the com.nens chiefly trust, in their pro 20 dangers seemingly blown over, and peace in all their quarters; we, emboldened by their ma nifold promises and declarations to defend and protect those that appeared and acted in their service, do herewith humbly present to your Excellency the humble Representation of our Desires annexed; which we humbly beseech your excellency to recommend, orrepresent, in our behalf to the parliament. And your Petitioners shall honour and pray for your Excellency." The HUMBLE REPRESENTATION of the Dr. SIRES of the OFFICERS and SOLDIERS of the Army under the Command of his Excellency sir THOMAS FAIRFAX, presented first to his Excellency, to be, by him, represented to the Parlia ment. I. "Whereas the necessity and emergency & of the kingdom in the hands of the parliament, we have, in our several places, served them with all faithfulness; and although we have lain under many discouragements for want of pay and other necessaries, yet have we not disputed their commands, disobeyed their orders, nor disturbed them with Petitions; nor have there any visible discontents appeared amongst, us, to the encouragement of their enemies, and the impediment of their affairs; but have, with all chearfulness, done summer service in winter seasons, improving the utmost of our abilities in the advancement of their service: and seeing God hath now crowned our endeavours with the end of our desires, viz. the dispersing of their public enemies, and reducing them to their obedience, the king being now brought in; our brethren the Scots satisfied and departed the kingdom; all jects for acquiring the ascendant over their this spirit, it eluded and loosened all the tes antagonists. Soon after the retreat of the of morality, and gave entire scope, and even Scots, the presbyterians, seeing every thing sanction, to the selfishness and ambition which reduced to obedience, began to talk of dini- naturally adhere to the human mind. The nishing the army: and, on pretence of easing military confessors were farther encouraged in the public burdens, they levelled a deadly blow disobedience to superiors, by that spiritual at the opposite faction. They proposed to pride to which a mistaken piety is so subject embark a strong detachment, under Skippon They were not, they said, mere janizares; and Massey, for the service of Ireland: they mercenary troops inlisted for hire, and to be openly declared their intention of making a disposed of at the will of their paymasters, great reduction of the remainder.* It was Religion and liberty were the motives whi even imagined that another new model of the had excited them to arms; and they had a army was projected in order to regain to the superior right to see those blesssings, wh presbyterians that superiority which they had they had purchased with their blood, ensured so imprudently lost by the former. The army to future generations. By the same title that had small inclination to the service of Ireland; the presbyterians,in contradistinction to the roy a country barbarous, uncultivated, and laid alists, had appropriated to themselves the ep waste by massacres and civil commotions: thet of Godly, or the Well-affected, the in they had less inclination to disband, and to pendents did now, in contradistinction to the renounce that pay, which, having earned it presbyterians, assume this magnificent appel through fatigues and dangers,they now purposed fation, and arrogate all the ascendant which to enjoy in ease and tranquillity. And most of naturally belongs to it. Hearing of parties a the officers, having risen from the dregs of the the house of commons, and being informed people, had no other prospect, if deprived of that the minority were friends to the army. their commission, than that of returning to the majority enemies; the troops naturally languish in their native poverty and obscurity. terested themselves in that dangerous distin These motives of interest acquired additi- tion, and were cager to give the superiority onal influence, and became more dangerous their partisans. Whatever hardships they to the parliament, from the religious spirit by derwent, though perhaps derived from iner which the army was universally actuated. table necessity, were ascribed to a settled Among the generality of men, educated in re-design of oppressing them, and resented as a gular, civilized societies, the sentiments of shame, duty, honour, have considerable authority, and serve to counterbalance and direct the motives derived from private advantage: but, by the predominancy of enthusiasm among the parliamentary forces, these salutary principles lost their credit, and were regarded as mere human inventions, yea moral institutions, fitter for heathens than for Christians. The saint resigned over to superior guidance, was at full liberty to gratify all his appetites, disguised under the appearance of pious zeal. And, besides the strange corruptions engendered by *"Fourteen thousand men were only intended to be kept up; 6000 horse, €000 foot, and 2000 dragoons," Bates, effect of the animosity and malice of the adversaries. Notwithstanding the great re nne, which accrued from taxes, assessments sequestrations, and compositions, considerable arrears were due to the army; and many the private men, as well as officers, had nears twelvemonth's pay still owing them. The army suspected, that this deficiency was p posely contrived in order to oblige them to live at free quarters: and by rendering them odio to the country, serve as a pretence for disband ing them. When they saw such member were employed in committees and civil offices accumulate fortunes, they accused them rapine and public plunder. And, as no was pointed out by the commons for the pa |