Linnæus, the greatest self-taught botanist in the world. His employment was favorable to health and happiness, for he died at the age of seventy-six, and his son, who inherited his tastes, property and collection, lived to the age of eighty-three years. One of the oddest specimens of human nature which the city ever afforded, was Benjamin Lay, who, like Jonas Hanway in England, was so fanatical in his opposition to the use of tea, that in the time of the Friends' general meeting, he took a large box of china belonging to his wife into the market place, where he began to break the pieces separately with a hammer, bearing his testimony all the while. The people, thinking this a needless waste of property, fell upon him in a body, bearing their testimony in their own way, overset him, and carried away his ware, to be used by those whose conscience was less particular. The spirit of another Friend, Samuel Foulke, was equally stirred, when he saw an advertisement in 1743, by S. Kinnett, proposing to teach the noble art of defence, and also dancing.' Upon this friend Samuel took the pen, saying, 'I was surprised at his audacity and brazen impudence, in giving those detestable vices so high encomiums. They may be proved so far from accomplishments, that they are diabolical.'

Among the reminiscences which the author has collected from all quarters, are sundry local anecdotes of the Revolution. A lady of his acquaintance describes the entrance of the British under Cornwallis into Philadelphia. His suite took possession of her mother's house. She says, ' my mother was appalled by the numerous train which took possession of her dwelling; for a guard was mounted at the door, and the yard filled with soldiers and baggage, and I can well remember what we thought of the haughty looks of Lord Rawdon and the other aid-de-camp, as they traversed the apartments. My mother desired to speak with Lord Cornwallis, and he attended her; she told him how impossible it would be for her to stay in her own house, with such a numerous train: he behaved with great politeness, said he should be sorry to give trouble, and would provide other quarters.' We are told that General Howe, while he remained, seized a lady's coach and horses, and kept them for his own use. The old officers were uneasy at his conduct; but his companions, who had influence with him, were the most idle and dissipated officers of the army. Lord Howe was much more sedate and VOL. XXXVI.-NO. 79.

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dignified than his brother. Sir William Howe was a fine figure, six feet high, and well proportioned; in appearance he was not unlike General Washington; his manners were graceful and affable, and he was much beloved by his officers. Sir Henry Clinton was short and fat, with a full face and prominent nose; reserved in his manners, and not so popular as Howe. Lord Cornwallis was short and stout; his hair somewhat gray; his face well formed and agreeable, his manners remarkably easy; he was much beloved by his men. Col. Tarleton was rather below the middle size, strong, heavily made, but uncommonly active; his complexion dark, his eye small, black, and piercing. The British officers gave a splendid and fanciful fête on the occasion of Gen. Howe's return to England. Major Andre, who published an account of the 'Meschianza,' as it was called, was the life of the company.

In a

We see one fact here recorded, which shows how attentive the fathers of this settlement were to everything that tended to public prosperity and improvement. So early as 1725, James Logan, writing to the proprietaries, recommends the culture of silk in the country, and speaks of attempts which had already been made, as promising great success. letter of the following year, he speaks of some which has been sent to England, and says he is glad that it proves so good he doubts not that the country will in time be able to send large quantities abroad. Such was his reasonable expectation, and yet after the lapse of a century, the country is but just beginning to turn its attention seriously to the subject, which is treated as if it were almost entirely new. Governor Gordon, in 1734, says that the tree is natural to our soil, and the worm thrives well; he anticipates that silk will soon become an important article of trade. In 1770, the subject was taken up with much interest; and, as might be expected, Dr. Franklin, then in Europe, urged it upon the attention of his countrymen. Funds were subscribed, and a filature. opened; in the next year, 2300 pounds were brought to it to reel. The Queen patronised it by wearing a gown of American silk, and everything promised well; but the interest seems afterwards to have declined, and those who are now endeavoring to recommend it to the public attention, are obliged to go over the whole ground again.

We feel bound to give credit to the industrious author, for the information which he has here collected. Much of it no

doubt appears trifling, but a great part of that which seems unimportant throws light upon the manners, fashions, tastes and feelings of the day, and therefore affords materials, which the future historian would find valuable in his estimate of character, which is after all the most important subject of historical investigation. We are glad that the fine city of Penn has found such an honest chronicler as Griffith;' but we trust that it will not prevent some other hand from giving a popular account, from its beginning, of one of the most judicious, happy and prosperous settlements, ever made in this or any other country.

ART. V.--Law School at Cambridge.

1. A Lecture, being the ninth of a Series of Lectures, introductory to a Course of Lectures now delivering in the University of Maryland. By DAVID HOFFMAN, Iur. Utr. Doct. Gottingen. Baltimore. July, 1832. 2. Remarks on the Study of the Civil Law. From the American Jurist, No. III. Boston. July, 1829. 3. An Address delivered at the Dedication of Dane Law College in Harvard University, October 23, 1832. By JOSIAH QUINCY, LL.D., President of the University. Cambridge, 1832.

We notice with pleasure the three pamphlets which we have placed at the head of this article, as promising evidences of an enlightened zeal in promoting the study of general jurisprudence, and particularly of the Roman Civil Law, in this country.

The first of these pamphlets contains one of the course of lectures on the various branches of the law, which the author has been delivering for a number of years to his students at Baltimore. The second, which appeared for the first time in the American Jurist, is a review of two foreign works on the Civil Law. The third is an Address by the President of Harvard University, delivered at the dedication of the Dane Law College. three pamphlets, though they differ from each other in the special subject of which each of them treats, agree in spirit, in the great object to deliver the study of the Law from profes

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sional bondage, and restore it to its rightful place among the moral sciences. It is when addresses like these shall have produced their full effect on the public mind, that we may expect to see the law of the land studied, not to the exclusion of general jurisprudence, but as a part of it, as a special branch of that science which has its root partly in history, and partly in philosophy, deriving, as it does, its substance and its spirit from the knowledge of man, as he is, has been, and ought to

be.

The mode in which, until of late, the rising generation of lawyers in this country were initiated in the mysteries of their profession, sufficiently accounts for their want of acquaintance with general jurisprudence. The lawyer's office was considered not only as the training ground, where the young soldier of Themis is to be fitted for active service by the direction and example of a veteran in his profession; but it was resorted to, both as the primary school and the university, in which the student's education was to be begun and completed. Now it is true that the office is the best, nay the only fit place for acquiring that practical information, without which the most learned general jurist makes no figure in the arena of professional labor and competition. But this nursery of practical skill is not and cannot be a complete seminary of jurisprudence. It is vain to expect, that the most able and faithful student should gain in the office that fundamental and comprehensive knowledge of the law, without which the most consummate practical discernment still retains the character of a sort of instinct, which is useful chiefly in cases of common occurrence, but never conducts to a thorough understanding of the science. The scientific student, on the other hand, never rests until he has entered into the inmost nature of the law, as well as the general character of the cases to which it is applicable, and on this account is never at a loss to discern, in any case, the accidental accompaniments and the essentials; and to distinguish between those circumstances which afford ground for argument, and those which predetermine the decision. Such a knowledge of the law, which distinguishes the scientific lawyer from the empiric, cannot be derived from the office of a successful practitioner, but it requires an ample and judicious collection of men and books, such as a well organized law-school, or lawacademy, is intended to comprise.

In Germany, the law-academy forms one of the four 'fac

ulties,' or chief departments of a university. Ten or more professors or lecturers are employed in each of the principal seats of learning, in teaching the different branches of jurisprudence. There is a regular course of studies established, pointing out the succession in which each student, during a residence of three or four years at the university, has to attend to the different departments of the law. This system of instruction generally begins with three elementary courses, one on what is called the Encyclopedia of the Law, or a brief survey of all the departments of jurisprudence; another on the Law of Nature, or the philosophical elements of the science, and a third on the Institutes of the Civil Law. Then each department of the law is taught in succession, such as the Civil or Roman Law, and the statutes of the country, the Canon or Ecclesiastical, the Feudal, the Commercial, the Penal, the Political and International Laws; and the course ends with ' examinatoria,' and 'disputatoria,' on each of the principal branches, and with practical instructions in the established mode of proceeding in the court; and no one is admitted to the bar, or receives the degree of Doctor of Laws, without passing a thorough examination in all the departments of juridical learning.

In this country we have made at least a beginning in this European mode of giving instruction in the law by regular courses of lectures. Law-schools have been established, in different States, and considering the little time that they have been in existence, the number of students who resort to them is sufficient to prove, that the usefulness of these institutions begins to be more and more acknowledged. As yet, however, their funds are too small to make provision for instruction in every important part of the law. Teachers have been employed and books collected, in order to give to students of the law a more scientific acquaintance at least with those parts of jurisprudence, which are of more immediate and frequent practical application. These most practical parts of the law should indeed be the chief, but by no means the only subject of a system of instruction, that would deserve the name of a liberal law-education. In our law-schools, there is generally some provision made for other branches besides the common law of England, and that of the United States. But owing to the infancy of these establishments, there are still so many departments, each of which requires the labor of an individual, compressed within the appointment of one professor,