Building Fund; which, having begun in 1834, has in seven years raised altogether about 40,000 company's rupees, by subscriptions of a single rupee per month, and has aided in erecting between twenty and thirty churches. Indeed, the preparations made by the help of government and this fund in furtherance of local subscriptions, for increasing the accommodation for the public worship of Almighty God (the whole number of churches being now about seventy), is an additional encouragement to this new and more important undertaking for supplying each church and each station with sufficient clergymen.

6. The especial object of such a society would be to assist stations destitute of chaplains in the support of a minister; and to aid large and widely-scattered stations with only one chaplain, in maintaining an additional clergyman. There is no reason to fear but that Christian families will cheerfully educate some of their devout youth, qualified, as far as can be judged, to become candidates for holy orders, for the sacred office, when it is known that there are openings for useful and honourable employment in the church in India. Bishop's college, Calcutta, has now for twenty years been standing on the banks of the Hoogly as a monument of the foresight and piety of the first learned and able prelate of this sec, bishop Middleton. All the arrangements for an education, unquestionably superior to anything else known in India, have been long made and most successfully employed in connexion with our missions, and may be expected to be equally available, under the vigilant care of the bishop and visitor, for the designs of this new society. Aid may also be extended, in certain cases, by the trustees of the Powerscourt Foundation, and the Begum Sumroo's Church-Fund, to deserving students. In the same view the endowments and benefices of St. Paul's cathedral, Calcutta, the building of which is now considerably advanced, will tend to form what is so imperiously required -an indigenous ministry; and with the chaplains on the establishment, and the reverend missionaries of our two great societies, will go to fix our apostolical protestant church on a broad and permanent basis in this wonderful country.

ment to the doctrines and discipline of the protestant episcopal church of England and Ireland, as settled by the great archbishop Cranmer, and his fellow-martyrs and labourers, at the blessed reformation in religion in the sixteenth century, under our Edward VI. and Elizabeth; and, lastly, competent talents and acquirements, so as not to dishonour the sacred cause of Christianity in this heathen land.

9. The society may properly be called, "The Calcutta Diocesan Additional Clergy Society."

10. Our plans should be dutifully submitted, in the first instance, to the lord archbishop of Canterbury, under whom we are all placed; and proceed as much as possible under his grace's direction and guidance, and always with his approbation. It will be necessary to appoint a committee to manage its concerns, consisting probably of the bishop and archdeacon of Calcutta, the principal and professors of Bishop's college, the rev. chaplains in Calcutta, and a few gentlemen from amongst the laity resident in Calcutta-perhaps three, known for their sound piety, discretion, and warm and steady attachment to our church. Corresponding members in the Moffusil and at home may possibly be added. It wil be an object of the greatest importance to raise, as early as possible, a fund to be invested in proper securities, so as to yield a permanent income, and secure, under God's blessing, the continued efficiency of the society. When an application is made to the bishop to receive a candidate for holy orders, whose stipend is partly to be furnished by this society, the bishop would require a guarantee of the due payment of that stipend for at least two years, according to the custom prevailing with regard to curates at home. The bishop would recommend that, except in special cases, the stipend of a clergyman should not be less than 300 company's rupees a month.

11. Hitherto India, after eighty years of British rule, has had no indigenous ministry, no students trained for holy orders, except in the department of missions, no benefices, no encouragement for a parent to dedicate any of his family to the high and sacred offices of the ministry of the church. Possibly this society may be the honoured instrument of beginning this great and necessary work.

We may make the attempt at least, in humhope of that divine blessing which it is earnestly recommended to every one who may join it, to seek by fervent persevering prayers for the effusion of the grace of God's Holy Spirit upon its subscribers, its officers, its proceedings, and the clergy supported by its funds.

Since the above proposals were issued by the bishop, the honourable East India company have determined to increase at once the number of assistant chaplains to the full complement of fifty-two, without waiting for vacancies.

Colonial Bishoprics.-We have reason to believe that, among other beneficial arrangements, the church in the West Indies is about to be placed on a far more efficient footing. Instead of two bishops, there will certainly be four, and in the end perhaps six in that part of the world. The bishopric of Barbadoes, which is now vacant by the resignation of Dr. Coleridge, I about to be divided into three, each of which will receive an endowment of 2,000l. a-year. To meet this, the bishop's revenue--at present

Archdall, G., D.D., can. of Norwich, vice Fisher, deceased.

Atkinson, M., head mast. of St. Bees' gram. sch., Cumberland (pat. prov. of Queen's coll., Oxon).

Christmas, H., librarian of Sion coll.
Churton, II. W., chap. bp. of Chichester.
Crowther, H., eve. let. St. Peter's-at-
Arches, Lincoln (pat. the bp.)
Drury, C., preb. Warham, in Hereford cath.

92.

Jan. 27.-Rev. J. Garbett, late fell. of Brasen., elected unani. mously professor of poetry, vice rev. J. Keble.

BACHELORS' COMMENCEMENT. JANUARY 22, 1842.

MODERATORS.

Thomas Gaskin, M.A., Jesus college.

Duncan Farquharson Gregory, M.A., Trin. college.

EXAMINERS.

Alexander Thurtell, M.A., Caius college.

Richard Potter, M.A., Queens' college.

WRANGLERS.

Laying, T. F., mast. Brist. dioc. and Middle sch.

Lodge, B., Brit. chap. at Buenos Ayres.
Morgan, O., chap. Vindictive.
Maunsell, G. E., chap. earl of Westmoreland,
Smith, E., mast. of abp. Tennison's gra

sch. and chap., St. Martin's-in the-Firidə workhouse, rice Eyre, deceased. Thornton, W. J., preb. Wellington, in Kford eath.

Paris, S., at Leamington, 88.

Powys, hon. L., rec. Titchmarch, Northamp (pat. lord Lifford).

Pyemont, J., cur. Eyke, Suff., 36.

Roberts, J., late rec. Witherley, Leie., 75. Shirley, T. H., rec. St. Swithin's, Wore. (pat. D. and C. Worc.)

Smith, G., vic. gen. Elphin.

Watts, R., preb. and divinity lect. St. Paul's cath., London; librarian of Sion coll; and rec. St. Alphage, London (pat. bp. of London), 92.

13 Gillett..

14 Walpole

Emm.
Caius. 34 Sharples

33 Parr....

Cath,

Job.

15 Rowton

Joh.

35 Hopwood..

Pet.

16 Wolfe

Joh.

36 Buckham

Joh.

17

Joh.

87 Thrupp

Trin.

19

Clubbe.......

39 Kingsley.

Magd.

Jes.

40 Lloyd

Jesus.

NATIONAL SCHOOL SOCIETY. The report of the society for the last year is now in the course of distribution. In the appendix will be found a reprint of all the papers issued by the society during the last year; a very valuable report on the diocese of Worcester, by the rev. E. Field, M.A.; and a digest of statistical returns, showing the state of elementary education in the diocese of Rochester. In this digest are contained accounts of every parish throughout the diocese, transmitted by the officiating minister, and including such particulars as are strictly speaking statistical, and can be reduced to a tabular form. The following summary is appended:-The diocese of Rochester contains 134 parishes, or ecclesiastical districts, with a population of about 276,393. There are 328 schools : 137 in union, either directly or indirectly, with the National Society, and 191

not in union. There are 19,821 scholars receiving in struction, i. e., 1 in 14 of the entire population.

SOCIETY FOR THE RELIEF OF POOR PIOUS CLERGY. MEN.

The remark has often been made in our hearing, that there is something invidious in the expression-poor pious clergymen. We make no comment on this; we can only say, that we rejoice to find that the society is still in active operation; that it has, during the last year, remitted upwards of 2,000l. to the poor clergy; and that it confers very great blessings on a most meritorious class of men-the poor clergy. Why, is it conceivable that such a class of persons should exist in Christian—neminally Christian-England? But more of this hereafter; we can only say we wish the sum distributed had been multiplied a hundred-fold.

CHESTER.

The Casterton Schools, near Kirkby Lonsdale, Westmoreland.-These schools, under the patronage of the archbishop of York, the presidentship of the bishop of Chester, and direction of the rev. W. C. Wilson, consist: 1. Of the Clergy Daughters' School, established in the year 1823. It is open to the whole kingdom; but its benefits are confined to the clergy with the smallest incomes. 100 pupils are clothed and educated for 14. a year, and 31. for drawing or music. The greater part are provided for on leaving the school, as governesses in respectable families, for which there is always a larger

charitable sources.

into the other school.

demand than can be met. The twofold benefit is thus conferred upon a clergyman of a sound education and future provision. About 7001. a year is required from It is greatly desired to be enabled to fix the payment with each pupil at 101. a year, including every thing; nor will the school adequately meet the circumstances of the most necessitous clergy till this is the case. It is anxiously hoped that the day may arrive when, by donations or legacies, an endowment may be formed to render this practicable. 2. The Preparatory Clergy Daughters' School, established in 1837, is situated close to the parent institution. It provides on the same terms, for 24 little children, chiefly orphans, and from missionary stations abroad, who, when fit, are advanced It requires 1501. a year at least from charitable sources. 3. The Servants' School was commenced in the year 1820, at Tunstall ; but only permanently established at Casterton in the year 1888. 100 poor girls are clothed, lodged, boarded, and educated for service and for teachers, for 107. a year each. Promising young women are received into the school to train for national-school teachers, on paying 5s. a week. This school requires 1001. a-year from charitable sources, to cover all expenses, and, if there were larger means at command, more extended good could be done in the way of taking in the entirely friendless and destitute gratuitously. The satisfactory manner in which the schools are progressing is calculated to excite much thankfulness to God for the evident tokens of his blessing, and to commend them with confidence to the liberal co-operation of a generous public, as affording one of the least equivocal and most extensively beneficial channels for their benevolence. All communications to be made to the rev. William Carus Wilson, Casterton Hall, near Kirkby Lonsdale. [We cannot too earnestly recominend these schools to the beneficent consideration of our readers. With the extremely small pittance which many of the clergy receive, how are their families to be supported and educated? We have had repeated testimonies to the = excellent mode in which the institution is managed, and to the care and anxiety on the part of those who chiefly

manage it.]

CHICHESTER.

Omitting all re-commitments, the number of individual offenders of all sorts who came under my observation during that period, was 2,616. About one-seventh part of these were females. The portion under sixteen years of age was less than one-tenth of the whole. The great mass of them were young men; and the proportion of strangers, gathered from all quarters, may, upon the whole, be reckoned the same as in the prisoners of last year*. I will therefore proceed to give a true and explicit account, as fully as this brief report will admit, of this large body of criminals, touching their general and religious information. 1680 of these persons-i. e., about two-thirds of the whole-were either strangers to the alphabet, or unable to join their letters correctly together. Of the remaining 936, only 111 could read fluently and write a legible hand, uniting with it correct of the rest being very incorrect, and their reading not spelling, and some knowledge of arithmetic; the writing much better. Concerning this more educated portion, I should add that a large part, say two-thirds, were ignorant of the m nings of the most important words in any In short, I shall, to the best book given them to read. of my jur, ment, state the matter truly if I say, that but one_tventy-fifth part of those twenty-six hundred prisoners were intelligent persons, at all possessed of useful information; while the remaining 24 parts were either almost or altogether ignorant of whatever has been written for their good. I will now confine my deseription to their knowledge of religion. Out of the whole number, not more than 61 persons, i. e., a 43rd part, were found acquainted with the leading doctrines of the Christian faith. Among these, persons of nearly all religious persuasions in this country, with one or two Lutherans, are included. The same is the case, nominally, with the more ignorant mass of the prisoners. In reality, few of them belonged to any class of Christians, or attended any place of worship, except at very irregular and lengthened intervals; very many never went at all. 344 more had some idea of the history of our blessed Redeemer. They could tell me something of his birth, miracles, and death; but they were very seldom able to enter into any particulars upon these points, and they showed little understanding of what they said. These being left aside (of whom, as I noticed in a former report, vagrants, being often reduced from a better condition, form the larger portion), there remain 2211 persons out of the 2616. I am at a loss for language to convey a proper impression of the deplorable ignorance of these two From 800 of these persons, by unhappy thousands. patient efforts, and with ten years large experience of the poor, I could not elicit any idea as to the person, miracles, sufferings, and office of our Saviour: they, literally, knew not his name. When I mentioned it, some of them thought they had heard it; but that is all. To the other

1400 the Saviour's name was known, and that he died; but when, or how, or why, or any thing more upon the subject, they could not say. Those were in the darkness of heathenism; these in its shadow. I do not mean to imply that any of these criminals were without the idea of a God, or devoid of some notion and persuasion of a future state and a judgment to come: no one was so, although some were very near it; and the notions of all upon these points were grossly deficient and erroneous. The foregoing statement, as I have said, presents their condition in regard to Christianity. I have not drawn it from general impressions, which are apt to deceive, but from the carefully-ascertained and registered particulars of each individual case. That the criminal habits of these persons contributed much to this deplorable ignorance, must not be denied. Such habits not only alienate their subject from means of grace and instruction; but, together with the drunkenness and debauchery that accompany crime, awfully -It is shown in the appendix that 408 prisoners were strangers; i. e., two-fifths of the whole number. Of these 61 were natives of Kent, 22 of Surrey, and 23 of Hants.

+Acquainted to such an extent as might reasonably be expected of the labouring poor.

darken and stupify the mind. I accordingly found among those persons some that could once read, but had lost the ability; and others that had spent many years at school, but had forgotten nearly all they ever learned. Many of them, too, as they bitterly bewailed to me, had in boyhood disliked their books, played the truant, and quite neglected their opportunities of instruction. I should feel myself, however, as very deficient in the discharge of this annual duty, were I not to express the conviction daily forced upon my mind, that this lamentable ignorance of the criminals is owing in the main to their want of education; that demoralized habits flowed from the same source; and that these, to a large extent, are the origin of crime. Distress, arising from the precariousness of his employment, is certainly pleaded with truth by many a labouring man, in extenuation of his guilt; especially so in the four winter months, which I have ascertained have, for the last six years, produced exactly as much crime as the other eight: but in general, as far I can learn, it is a cause subordinate to that which I now lament. By education, I need scarcely say, I mean instruction in the points of Christian faith and duty as well as in reading, writing, and arithmetic-instruction so given as to exercise the understanding as well as the memory, and to influence the heart and re, ulate the conduct. Such instruction as this very few, even of the more intelligent criminals, appear to have had. I have been astonished to find how grossly ignorant of religious truths inany of those were who had been even seven years and more at private schools. Upon this higher ground, however, I need not dwell, since of instruction, in the lowest sense of the term, half of the whole mass of prisoners had literally none: they either went to no school at all, or at best for a few months, off and on. And a great part of the other half only had it by snatches in like manner, during one, two, or three years of their childhood, before the age of eight or nine years, when they are taken away to work. As in the year 1839-40, I have made accurate inquiry into this point, and constructed a table of particulars; the result of my inquiries, during both years, warrants the statement I now make. The same conclusion is corroborated in another way. In my last report I added a table showing the condition of the prisoners with regard to parentage. I have pursued this inquiry also during the year just ended. Both tables agree in showing that more than one half of the prisoners were either the offspring of criminals, base-born, left orphans, or deserted, one or more of these, before the age of 16. When we add to this the probable number of those whose parents, though not criminals, were ignorant and vicious, and even trained them up to crime, we cannot expect the result to be otherwise than it is. I should dismiss this subject in much fewer words, did I not feel it incumbent on me, in my situation, to point out in the strongest Juanner that I can, the connexion that exists between ignorance and crime, and to show the importance of Christian education as the great and only preventive of crime in the rising and future generations. Were this more general and efficient-especially in our workhouses, where so many of those very children from whom criminals principally spring are collected [together *-we should, doubtless, have far less crime to lament. I have rarely found the prison-house tenanted by the well-informed and those that have been taught something of religion. Were all so taught, we might reasonably expect to have it comparatively empty."

In the appendix we afterwards find the following interesting and important fact. Alluding to tables foregoing, the chaplain says:-"It will be seen in all those educational tables that three of the spaces are quite empty. The first is of those able to read and write well, without any knowledge of religion: that this space is empty, I do not wonder; since, probably, no such persons are to be found: the other two spaces are for those who have a competent knowledge of religion without being able to write or read. That these spaces are unoc

cupied seems to me worthy of notice. Many such persons are known to every clergyman, but they were not found in prison. Their religion, it appears, even without other education, preserved them from the temptations which overcame their more educated, but more irreligious neighbours."

The suppression of intemperance ranks high among the subordinate means of checking crime. This is abundantly manifest from the following passage:-"As a document of this nature would be very deficient without some allsion to the abuse of intoxicating liquors as a special caus of crime, I add a table which shows the portion of the year's crime directly attributable to it. (This table contains 96 cases of crime out of the 438 in the calendars. Among them are several of the most heinous and abominable nature). Most of the assaults and several other misdemeanors, summarily dealt with, must be added to the foregoing list taken from the calendars. This statement, however, conveys a very imperfect idea of the share which intemperance has in filling our prisons. No table can express its powerful indirect bearing upon crime, in its origin and progress: he who would have any adequate conception of it, must walk the wards of a prison for a while, and converse with the unhappy inmates, to see the fruits of this baneful vice, and to hear the lamentstions with which it makes almost every cell to resound."

Our space only allows us to conclude with the chaplain's account of the state of discipline in the prison, and of the means used for the instruction and reformation of this large and most unhappy portion of our fellow-creatures:Having entered so fully, in my last report, into the various means used within the prison walls for the instruction and reformation of its inmates, it may perhaps on the present occasion suffice to say, that the same have been pursued during the past year, with equal satisfaction, and with an encouraging measure of ascertained success. The only new feature is, that school education has been extended to the female prisoners as well as to the males. In discharging my ministerial duties I have met with every encouragement on the part of the prisoners, which respect, attention, and thankfulness (outward at least) can give. The same has been found by the schoolmaster and mistress, and by the officers, some of whom have, much to their credit, zealously laboured with me in the instruction of the prisoners. The discipline of the prison, too, has been carried on as to give me unspeakable advantage. There were no exasperated feelings to contend with. Except in one or two instances I always found the prisoners in a quiet and subdued state, most favourable to my efforts for their good. It is a fact as important as it is pleasing, that, while the discipline of the prison is maintained with increasing strictness, the number of punishments for breach of prison rules is greatly on the decrease. For the last twelve months, as I am happy to learn from the governor, the amount is reduced better than one-half. The fact is more pleasing, as the prison, during most of the year, has been unusually crowded through the exertions of the increased constabulary; and that with a variety of characters from the railroad and elsewhere, such as perhaps few other prisons contain. I take it as an encouraging omen of what may be effected by moral means under separation, or even silence, in a well-constructed prison, where there shall be no crowding of prisoners, three in a cell, so destructive to every serious thought; and where constant opportunity and temptation to communicate shall not be offered by the imperfections of the building; evils which have vainly to be striven against in the Lewes house f correction, especially during the winter."

In the appendix it is further stated, that better than a fourth part of the prisoners received instruction in the schools, concerning which the chaplain adds :—“ As it is, the advantages of the schools are great in various ways. The depressing silence of the prison is thus relieved in a manner profitable to the prisoner's mind; he sees justice tempered with mercy, and that his good is sought while his crime is punished; his better feelings (which th worst have) are awakened, and he is both disposed and enabled to understand and appreciate my ministration in the chapel; for want of which elementary instruction, preaching, however simple, in the great majority of cases is but a parable. I may add also, what is no small ad