Ir must be matter of deep regret that at the period of the reformation in Scotland so many of the noble ecclesiastical edifices should have fallen a prey to the fury of the mob, not unfrequently urged on by the preachers. John Knox is reported to have said, "that the sure way to banish the rooks was to pull down their nests"-whether the report be true or not, it is not likely that he meant the cathedrals and abbey churches; "which words, to use the language of Spotiswood+ (if any such did escape him) were to be understood of the cloisters of monks and friars only, according to the act passed in council. But popular fury, once armed, can keep no measure, nor do any thing with advice and judgment."

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accomplish the work, and assembled to do so; but the craftsmen, in arms, took possession. of the church, and threatened with instant death the individual who moved the first The cathedral stands on a very elevated situation at the northern part of the High-street of Glasgow, and commands a very extensive view of the surrounding country.

stone.

Though it is stated by Bingham that a bishop Ninian, of Glasgow, built a church on the confines of the English border, A.D. 488, the see of Glasgow was founded about the middle of the sixth century, by Kentigern, or Cyndeyrin, also called St. Mungo, who was succeeded by Baldree and Codnwal, both of whom were afterwards canonized as

saints in the Romish calendar. From their Glasgow cathedral-the only one entire in time, however, to A.D. 1115, there is no disScotland (with the exception of that of St. tinct account of Glasgow; when David I., Magnus, in the Orkneys, at Kirkwall) then duke of Cumberland, appointed John was indebted for its preservation by the Achaius, his chaplain, to be bishop, who energy of its citizens. The magistrates being was consecrated at Rome by Pascal II. prevailed on by the principal of the university Achaius, finding the church completely deand protestant clergy of the neighbourhood to cayed, commenced the rebuilding, and finished destroy the fabric, a large concourse of la-it July A.D. 1136: the king was present at bourers were hired as speedily as possible to

For this account the compiler feels himself bound to confess his obligation in many particulars to "An Essay on the Cathedral Church of Glasgow, and a History of the See as connected with the erection of the existing church, with a Survey of its present condition and Plan for its repair and restoration, togewith general improvement of the ancient portion of the city, by Archibald McLellan, Esq.," of Glasgow (sold by Brash and Co., and Smith and Son, there; Edinburgh, Blackwood; London, Longman; 1833, 4to). There is a vast deal of important information contained in this work. The Addre-s of the Committee for the

Restoration of the Cathedral, has also, with other works, been consulted.

+ According to one account. VOL. XII.-NO. CCCXLV.

the consecration. His portion seems to have been confined to the nave, and, perhaps, to a part of the transepts. The greater portion of this structure was destroyed by fire about half a century after its erection.

In 1175 Joceline, abbot of Melrose, was consecrated bishop, and rebuilt it in a more magnificent manner. He erected the superincumbent choir and Lady chapel, and the central tower. The works occupied twentytwo years; the whole church being consecrated July 4, 1197. The cathedral is said to have been enlarged by William de Boddington, consecrated bishop A.D. 1233. On

London. Joseph Rogerson, 24, Norfolk-street, Strand.]

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images of gold and silver, belonging to the cathedral; and, what was peculiarly to be re

the tower a wooden spire, covered with lead, had been erected: this, in the time of bishop Glendonning, was struck with lightning. Hegretted, he took with him the archives of the collected materials to build one of stone, when he died, A.D. 1408, and was succeeded by bishop Lauder, who completed the building of the spire, laid the foundation of the chapterhouse, the whole of the crypt of which he completed.

see, from its earliest period to his own time, depositing them in the hands of the Carthu sians, in Paris, to be re-delivered when Glasgow should again have returned to the bosom of the mother church. A part of these records were recovered, and brought to this country by Mr. McPherson, in the year of the French revolution of 1793, and are now in the possession of the deputy clerk register.

The prebendaries of Glasgow were nearly forty in number; they formed the chapter or council of the bishop, and had the power of electing him-a power that was frequently encroached upon by the popes. Bishop Cameron obliged all the prebends to build houses in Glasgow, and reside there, leaving their cures in the country (for they appear to have been rectors of parishes) to be served by vicars. The diocese itself extended over the counties of Lanark, Ayr, Renfrew, and Dumbarton, besides a part of the counties of Roxburgh, Peebles, Selkirk, and Dumfries, including no less than 240 parishes.

The

bendaries at Glasgow, together with their whole attendants, could not fail to render it a town of some note in those times. The prebends were the following: the prebend of Hamilton, dean of the chapter; the prebend of Peebles, archdeacon of Glasgow; the prebend of Ancrum, archdeacon of Teviotdale; the prebend of Monkland was sub-dean; the prebend of Cambuslang, chancellor; the prebend of Carnwath, treasurer; the prebend of Kilbride, chanter; the prebends of Glasgow were two-the first was the bishop's vicar, and the second was sub-chanter; the prebend of Campsie was sacrist; the prebend of Balernock was called lord of Provan. In addition to these were twenty-nine others.

John Cameron, of the family of Lochiel, who succeeded bishop Lauder, built the chapterhouse, though it is probable it was finished by bishop Turnbull, the next prelate but one to bishop Cameron. The intervening bishop was Bruce, previously of Dunkeld, whose episcopate did not extend to a year, enabling him to do little. To bishop Turnbull the university of Glasgow owes its erection; the charter in its favour being granted by James II., at Stirling, April 20, 1433: the bull for its erection, by pope Nicholas V. To him, Mr. McLellan ascribes the completion of the chapter-house. Robert Blackadder, bishop of Aberdeen, succeeded bishop Turnbull; and during his episcopate the see, notwithstanding the attempts of Shevez, archbishop of St. Andrew's, to prevent it, was erected into an arch-residence of the bishop and his forty prebishopric: the bishops of Galloway, Argyle, and of the Isles, being made suffragans. He founded and completed the crypt, still called Blackadder's aisle, and which is now appropriated as a place of sepulture for the clergy of the city, intending to erect a south transept, but death terminated his labours. By him also the whole of the fabric was beautified and internally improved. The decorated flight of steps, from the aisles of the nave across the transept to those of the choir, and other works were erected by him, on which his arms are carved: with him ended the extension and decoration of the cathedral. His successor, Dunbar, was a mild and amiable man, who solemnly protested against the execution of Jerome, Russel, and John Kennedy, who were burned at the east end of the cathedral. James Beaton, nephew of the celebrated cardinal, was the last of the Romish bishops who presided over the see, and under his prelacy commenced the spoliation and decay of the cathedral. The reformation by this time had made great progress: the noble and wealthy of the land had openly espoused its doctrines, and the mob had already commenced to plunder and destroy the monasteries. Soon after his installation he was called upon to defend his castle and church from their assaults, in which, for the time, he was successful; but, the cause of popery soon becoming utterly hopeless, he retired to France, carrying with him not only a quantity of useless relics, but the whole treasures and costly ornaments, chalices, and

The many hair-breadth escapes, which the cathedral had during the excited period of the reformation, would occupy too much space to narrate. The principal one has already been noticed in the beginning of this paper. It appears that in the same year, immediately after the reforming clergy had received the definite answer from the king in council, prohibiting them or the magistrates from attempting further demolition of the church, the provost, magistrates, and council, had a meeting with the deacons of the crafts who had so nobly defended it, and there, renouncing their plan of applying the materials of the cathedral to the erection of three separate churches in different parts of the town, they, with the consent of the deacons who represented the trades' rank, agreed to impose a tax upon community to the amount of £200 Scots, for

the

its repair; and to use it as three separate | in England cannot fail to observe that inplaces of worship, by dividing the nave, jurious effect. The neighbouring abbey of walling in the choir, and fitting up the crypt Paisley-the nave of which is the only part choir with pews and a pulpit, which was of it entire-is fitted up for a similar purpose, accordingly done. being the parochial church; and the effect of its grandeur is entirely effaced by cumbersome deal pews of every shape, hue, and character, by uncouth galleries, and a kind of mock stone composition, with which the walls have been recently daubed. But the purse-strings of bishops, deans, and canons, are not so stringently drawn as those of wealthy Scottish heritors.

On the restoration of episcopacy, during the prelacy of archbishop Spotiswood, the roof of the cathedral, which at the time of the riots had been stripped of its lead, was begun to be renewed; and, on his translation to the primacy of St. Andrew's in 1615, his successor, archbishop Law, completed the roof. The see had now been deprived of a great portion of its emoluments, and the clergy were in a very depressed state.

The beautiful stained glass of the oriels had been broken at the riots, and the oriels blocked up with rough masonry, and in this condition the cathedral remained until 1802; when the choir, or, as it is now called, the inner high church, was repaired. In 1804 government expended about £400 on the structure. In 1805 the heritors of the barony parish, who had their place of worship in the crypt, having erected a church of their own, that portion of the cathedral was evacuated. In 1836 a new church was erected for the congregation which used to meet in the nave, or outer high church; the partition wall has consequently been removed, and the nave cleared throughout its whole length.

The nave proper is 155 feet in length, and 30 in breadth; the north aisle 15 feet 9 inches, the south 16 feet 9 inches. The columns are seven in number on each side.

The floors of the transepts are elevated 3 feet above the level of the nave, and are reached from the aisles by a flight of five steps. The great tower forms a cube of 30 feet. It is surmounted by a pierced quatrefoiled parapet, with square turreted pinnacles at the angles, on a level with the edge of the roof, are four lanceted windows, or rather one window divided by clustered piers equal to the lights. On this stands the octagonal spire, divided about midway up by a pierced quatrefoiled projecting gallery; a second one encircling it nearer the top. In the compartments thus formed ornamented windows are alternately placed.

The windows in the choir of Glasgow cathedral are of various patterns.

The Lady chapel is entered from either of the aisles of the choir. It is a double cross aisle, 28 feet from the choir to the eastern wall, and in length the same as the width of the cathedral and its aisles. The architectural beauties of this portion of the building are very striking, but have been shamefully allowed to go to decay, being covered with filth and dust.

The chapter-house, founded by Lauder, is a cube, measuring internally 28 feet; the roof supported by one central column. The appearance of the interior is much injured by the blocking up of the windows, and the existence of some plain wooden seats on the floor.

The western tower is attached to the northwestern portion of the nave, from the grandeur of which it materially detracts. It is about 120 feet high, and in it is hung the solitary bell.

The consistory house is a high, large, gabled tenement, without internal beauty, at the south-west corner of the nave.

The crypt, as already stated, was long used as a place of worship, but is now disused for that purpose. It extends beneath the choir and the Lady chapel, 125 feet by 62; the height under the choir being 15 feet, by the descent of the floor increases to about 20 feet. The piers are very varied. At the eastern end is a tomb, supposed to be that of St. Mungo; though Mr. M'Lellan thinks it is that of bishop Joceline.

Bishop Blackadder's crypt, over which it was intended that the south transept should be erected, contains some of the finest work

The height from the floor to the weather-manship about the cathedral. cock is 220 feet.

The choir is described as affording a most beautiful specimen of English Gothic architecture, and as being in excellent order. Its length to the Lady chapel is 97 feet, the width 30 feet, and each of the aisles 16 feet 3 inches. The arrangements made, however, for the convenience of a presbyterian congregation, by the introduction of galleries, necessarily detracts from its grandeur, and the individual who has visited the cathedrals

Such was the state of the cathedral in 1836, when the subject of its dirty, and in some places dilapidated, state, with the deformity naturally arising from the external additions, became a subject of deliberation to the citizens of Glasgow.

A large number of the most influential persons then formed themselves into a committee, with the magistrates of Glasgow at their head, to promote subscriptions for the restoration and completion of this edifice. This