his trade or business; to supply him with all the necessaries of life, and at the end of his term to give him money or clothes.

Should the apprentice fall sick, the master must supply him with the proper medical attendance and medicines.

A master cannot transfer or assign his responsibilities for, or his rights over,

his apprentice.

Neither can a master require of an apprentice the performance of menial services not connected with the trade or business in which he is engaged.

Should a master neglect his apprentice, or fail in the performance of his covenants, he forfeits his authority over the apprentice.

Should an apprentice prove unable to learn a trade, through no fault of his own, such inability does not release the master from his obligation, because he assumed this risk in taking the apprentice.

A master cannot discharge an apprentice except for a serious failure to perform his duty.

Should an apprentice desert his master's service and contract another obligation which would render him unable to return lawfully to his master, the latter is not bound to receive him should he offer to return.

A person who induces an apprentice to leave his master, or one who employs him, although not knowing his relation to his master, is liable to the master for the services of the apprentice.

Form of Articles of Apprenticeship.

THIS INDENTURE, Made the first day of January, A. D. 1881, by and between Andrew Jackson, of the city of Boston, State of Massachusetts, and Edward Jackson, his son, of the age of sixteen years, of the one part, and John Adams, of the city and State aforesaid, of the other part,

WITNESSETH, That the said Edward Jackson, by and with the consent of the said Andrew Jackson (testified by his signing and sealing these presents), hath bound out himself as an apprentice to John Adams, of the city of Boston, State of Massachusetts, to be taught in the trade, science or occupation of a carpenter and builder, which the said John Adams now uses, and to live with, continue, and serve him as an apprentice from the day of the date hereof unto the full end and term of seven years from thence next ensuing and fully to be complete and ended. During all which said term of seven years, the said Andrew Jackson doth covenant and promise to and with the said John Adams that he, the said Edward Jackson, shall and will well and faithfully serve and demean himself, and be just and true to him the said John Adams as his master; and keep his secrets, and everywhere willingly obey all his lawful commands; that he shall do no hurt or damage to his said master in his goods, estate, or otherwise, nor willingly suffer any to be done by others, and whether prevented or not, shall forthwith give notice thereof to his said master; that he shall not embezzle or waste the goods of his said master, nor lend them without his consent to any person or persons whatsoever; that he shall not traffic, or buy and sell, with his own goods, or the goods of others, during the said term, without his master's leave; that he shall not play at cards, dice, or any other unlawful games, whereby his said master may sustain any loss or damage, without his consent; that he shall not haunt or frequent playhouses, taverns or ale-houses, except it be about his master's business there to be done; and that he shall not at any time, by day or night, depart or absent himself from the service of his said

master without his leave; but in all things, as a good and faithful apprentice, shall and will de mean and behave himself to his said master, and all his, during the said term. And for and in consideration of the sum of one hundred dollars, to him in hand paid, the receipt of which the said John Adams doth hereby acknowledge, the said John Adams doth covenant, promise, and agree to teach and instruct his said apprentice, or otherwise cause him to be well and suffi ciently taught and instructed, in the said trade of a carpenter and builder after the best way and manner that he can; and shall and will also find and allow unto his said apprentice meat, drink, washing, lodging, and apparel, both linen and woollen, and all other necessaries in sickness and in health, meet and convenient for such an apprentice, during the term aforesaid; and at the expiration of the said term, shall and will give to his said apprentice (over and above his then clothing) one new suit of apparel, viz., coat, waistcoat, and breeches, hat, shoes, and stockings, and linen, fit and suitable for such an apprentice.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, The said parties have interchangeably set their hands and seals hereunto. Dated the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred -nd eighty-one.

Witnesses:

TIMOTHY PICKERING,

JOHN HANCOCK.

ANDREW JACKSON. [SEAL.]

An assignment is an instrument by which a person transfers a debt, obligation, bond, or wages, or any actual interest, to another.

An assignment may be written on the back of the instrument it is intended to convey, or it may be written on a separate paper.

Form of Assignment of a Promissory Note.

(To be written on the back of the note.)

I hereby, for value received, assign and transfer the within written note, together with all my rights under the same, to Thomas Jefferson.

GEORGE WASHINGTON.

General Form of Assignment, With Power of Attorney.

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, That I, Edward Livingston, for value received, have oid, and by these presents do grant, assign, and convey unto Robert Morris

[Here insert a description of the thing or things assigned.]

TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the same anto the said Robert Morris, his executors, administrators, and assigns forever, to and for the use of the said Robert Morris, hereby constituting and appointing him my true and lawful attorney irrevocable in my name, place, and stead, for the purposes aforesaid, to ask, demand, sue for, attach, levy, recover, and receive all such sum and sums of money which now are, or may hereafter become due, owing and payable for or on account of all or any of the accounts, dues, debts, and demands above assigned to him, giving and granting unto the said attorney, full power and authority to do and perform all and every act and thing whatsoever requisite and necessary, as fully, to all intents and purposes, as I might or could do, if personally present with full power of substitution and revocation, bereby ratifying and confirming all that the said attorney or his substitute shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and seal the first day of May, one thou sand eight hundred and eighty-one.

EDWARD LIVINGSTON. [SEAL.]

WHEN two or more persons fail to agree in the settlement of a business trans. action, it is usual to refer the matter in dispute to one or more disinterested persons, who shall determine what is fair to each and all of the parties to the controversy. The parties to the dispute should pledge themselves to abide by the decision of the arbitrators.

Before the award of the arbitrator or arbitrators is made, either of the parties to the dispute may withdraw his offer to accept the decision of the arbitrators. He must, however, give formal notice to each and all of the other parties of his intention, or his withdrawal is of no effect.

An agreement to submit a matter to arbitration may be either verbal or in writing.

Form of Agreement to Refer to Arbitrators.

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, That we, Richard W. Jenkins and Samuel R. Hicks, both of the city of Easton, State of Pennsylvania, do hereby promise and agree, to and with each other, to submit, and do hereby submit the question and claim between us respecting the sale of one thousand bushels of wheat from the said Richard W. Jenkins to the said Samuel R. Hicks, on the tenth day of September, 1880, to the arbitrament and determination of Henry W. Palmer, Joseph B. Howard, and Alfred T. Simpkins, of the city of Easton, whose decision and award shall be final, binding, and conclusive on us; and, in case of disagreement between the said arbitrators, they may choose an umpire, whose award shall be final and conclusive; and, in case of disagreement, the decision and award of a majority of said arbitrators shall be final and conclusive.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, We have hereunto set our hands this tenth day of October, A. D. 1880. RICHARD W. JENKINS. SAMUEL R. HICKS.

Witness,

GEORGE P. FRICK,

THOMAS H. ALLEN.

Form of Award of Arbitrators.

TO ALL TO WHOM these Presents SHALL COME, We, Henry W. Palmer, Joseph B. Howard, and Alfred T. Simpkins, of the city of Easton, State of Pennsylvania, to whom was submitted as arbitrators the matters in controversy existing between Richard W. Jenkins and Samuel R. Hicks, as by the condition of their respective bonds of submission, executed by the said parties respectively, each unto the other, and bearing date the tenth day of October, one thousand eight hundred and eighty, more fully appears.

NOW, THEREFORE, KNOW YE, That we, Henry W. Palmer, Joseph B. Howard, and Alfred T. Simpkins, the arbitrators mentioned in the said bonds, having been first duly sworn according to law, and having heard the proofs and allegations of the parties, and examined the matters in controversy by them submitted, do make this award in writing, that is to say: The said Richard W. Jenkins shall pay to the said Samuel R. Hicks the sum of one hundred and fifty dollars

in cash as damages for his failure to deliver all of the wheat sold by him to the said Samuel R. Hicks at the time he agreed to deliver it.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, We have hereunto subscribed these presents, this fifteenth day of October, A. D. 1880.

HENRY W. PALMER.

JOSEPH B. HOWARD.

ALFRED T. SIMPKINS,

SUBSCRIPTION is the placing of a signature at the bottom of a written or printed engagement. It is the act by which a person contracts, in writing, to furnish a sum of money for a particular purpose; as, a subscription to a charitable institution, a subscription for a book, and the like.

When several promise to contribute to a common object, desired by all, the promise of each may be a good consideration for the promise of others. In general, subscriptions on certain conditions in favor of the party subscribing, are binding when the acts stipulated are performed. "The law on the subject of these subscription papers," says Parsons, "and of all voluntary promises of contribution, is substantially this: no such promises are binding unless something is paid for them, or unless some party for whose benefit they are made— and this party may be one or more of the subscribers—at the request, express or implied of the promisor, and on the faith of the subscription, incurs actual expense or loss, or enters into valid contracts with other parties which will occasion expense or loss. As the objection to these promises, or the doubt about them, comes from the want of consideration, it may be cured by a seal to each name, or by one seal which is declared in the instrument to be the seal of each."

A person subscribing for a book is bound to take it when presented by the agent or canvasser, provided it corresponds with the sample copy shown to him at the time he gave his subscription. The agent or the publisher may recover the price of the book at law should the subscriber refuse to take it when presented to him.

General Form of Subscription Paper.

PHILADELPHIA, June 5th, 1881. We, the undersigned, agree to pay the amounts set opposite to our names to the Reverend Arthur Stanley, for the purpose of paying the debt due upon St. Timothy's Protestant Episcopal Church, in the city of Philadelphia:

THE COLLECTION OF DEBTS.

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IT often happens that great difficulty is experienced in the effort to collect debts justly due. Where they can be collected without resorting to legal measures, it is best to exhaust all means of securing them, even though a moderate delay should result. Should it become necessary to seek the aid of the law, however, it is well to know the exact steps that should be taken.

In seeking to recover debts by legal process, the creditor should first ascertain whether the debtor has enough property, real or personal, or both, over and above the amount exempted by law, to make it worth his while to sue him. Suits for small amounts must be brought before justices of the peace. jurisdiction of the justice is limited as follows in the various States: To five hundred dollars in the State of Tennessee.

The

To three hundred dollars in the States of Arkansas, California, Colorado, Kansas, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Nevada, Ohio and Wisconsin, and in Utah Territory.

To two hundred and fifty dollars in the State of Oregon.

To two hundred dollars in the States of Illinois, Indiana, New York North Carolina, Texas and Vermont.

To one hundred and fifty dollars in the State of Mississippi.

To one hundred dollars in the States of Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa (with the consent of parties, to three hundred dollars), Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina and West Virginia; and in the Territories of Dakota, Idaho, New Mexico, Washington and Wyoming.

To fifty dollars in the State of Virginia.

To twenty dollars in the State of Maine.

Suits in Justices' or Magistrates' Courts.

Should the amount be within the jurisdiction of the justice of the peace, che creditor's first step is to place the claim in his hands for collection.

In some of the States a debtor must be sued in the town in which he resides, and nowhere else. In others, the law grants the creditor a larger latitude. I