1879; "First Platform of International Law," by Sir Edward Creasy, 1876; "Le Droit International," by Calvo, 1870; "The Law of Domicil," by Dicey, 1879; "Das Internationale Privat- und Strafrecht," von Dr. L. Bar, 1862; "Encyclopädie der Rechts"wissenschaft," von Dr. Franz von Holtzendorff, Professor der Rechte in Berlin, 1873; and to the " Journal "du Droit International Privé et de la Jurisprudence. "comparée," fondé et publié par M. Edouard Clunet. DEDICATION OF FIRST EDITION. ΤΟ CHARLES JOHN VISCOUNT IN AFFECTIONATE ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF HIS LONG FRIENDSHIP, AND IN SINCERE VENERATION FOR THE ILLUSTRIOUS NAME WHICH HE WORTHILY BEARS, THESE PAGES ARE INSCRIBED. PREFACE то THE FIRST EDITION. THE NECESSITY of mutual intercourse is laid in the nature of States, as it is of Individuals, by God, who willed the State and created the Individual. The intercourse of Nations, therefore, gives rise to International Rights and Duties, and these require an International Law for their regulation and their enforcement. That law is not enacted by the will of any common Superior upon earth, but it is enacted by the will of God; and it is expressed in the consent, tacit or declared, of independent Nations (a). The law which governs the external affairs equally with that which governs the internal affairs of States, receives accession from custom and usage, binding the subjects of them as to things which, previous to the introduction of such custom and usage, might have been in their nature indifferent (b). Custom and usage, moreover, outwardly express (a) Grot. Proleg. ss. 19–25. "Omni autem in re consensio omnium gentium lex naturæ putanda est:" Cic. Tusc. i. 13. (b) "Omne jus aut consensus fecit, aut necessitas constituit, aut firmavit consuetudo.”—Dig. lib. i. tit. iii. 40. |