566 Going at what speed can you turn round a sharp STEAM CARRIAGES ON COMMON ROADS.-The no-inferred from the following extract from his examin.) corner without any danger? I do not remember turning with any considerable speed, nor should it volty, at least in this country, of the application of ation:Suppose that one of your boilers were to burst, ever be attempted with any carriage if it can be asteam power to the propulsion of carriages on com. mon roads has induced us to make frequent extracts/what would happen? I will give the committee voided, and there can be no pretence or necessity from the report made by a select committee to the an instance. I was travelling about nine miles for going quick when turning a steam.coach, as its an hour with a boiler the twenty-fourth part of an power is quite controllable, in which respect it has a great advantage over a common carriage; for four British House of Commons upon that subject, which inch thick. I was working then at 100 lbs. on establishes beyond a doubt its entire practicability. the square inch, with thirteen persons on the pre-horses at the moment of turning, are very little unIn No. 26 of this Journal may be found the exa-sent vehicle that I have now in use; and all of ader the control of the reins, particularly the leaders, sudden the carriage stopped, and for what reason I and it depends upon their good will whether they mination of Mr. Walter Hancock, an intelligent and was at a loss to know. I got from my stage seat choose to go slow or go quick when turning. In a steam-carriage, the conductor has such a perfect enterprizing gentleman, who is the inventor of an and went to the engineer to ask him what was the improved boiler for steam carriages, which is consi- reason he had stopped the steam; he told me he had control of the power, that he can never fail in dered, by engineers fully competent to judge, as ad. not stopped the carriage, and he immediately appli- checking the speed at the moment of turning. I ed his hand to the guage cocks. I found there was observed that Mr. Hancock's carriage is steered with neither steam nor water in the boiler. I immediate the greatest ease; and will turn round in a very mirably calculated for the purpose. In that examination he states that his boiler is three feet in length, ly knew that the boiler was burst; they sail they short space: I have seen him turn round in the new road to return without backing the carriage at all, consisting of a series of ten chambers and ten did not know it, as they heard no noise, and I told although he was in the middle of the road when he flues in a perpendicular position, which present them that I did not mean they should know it. I began to turn. about one hundred square feet to the action of the said I would show them that it was so, and I took the boiler from the carriage and unscrewed it, and If you had turned a sharp corner, could you have fire. The chambers are necessarily narrow, and of there were four large holes that I could put my stopped immediately on meeting a carriage? Yes; course the generation of steam very rapid. The hand into. This occurred from the chambers being the power of stoppage is most remarkable: that is one of the great advantages of a steam-coach. I iron of which the boiler is constructed is thin, yet it too thin, and they drove all the water out of the is so supported as to sustain a pressure of four hun-boiler, and yet there was no injury to any person have steered Mr. Hancock's carriage myself, and there was not one person that heard any report; found it to be most completely under control. dred pounds the square inch, although the ordinary there was no steam, and there were no symptoms The carriage may be turned in the smallest space that the wheels will permit it to go round in? Yes, pressure does not exceed from sixty to one hundred in any way that the machine itself had burst. Do your boilers extend under the place where in a much smaller space than a carriage with horses pounds the square inch. Mr. H. estimates that with can turn, because it is so much shorter in the total this boiler one bushel of coke will raise the steam, passengers sit? No, quite at the back." Theso, it will readily be perceived, are very impor. length, and the power being completely under consufficient for travelling in twenty minutes, but states whereas no prudent driver will turn a four-horse that, if necessary, it may be raised in five minutes; tant points gained, and they will in a good measure trol, there is no danger in turning quite short; after which for ordinary use and roads it will require remove the most serious objections that have been coach round in a road, without the guard getting one peck of coke and about ninety pounds of water urged against the introduction of steam carriages down and holding the leaders' heads; for they are per mile. It would seem that Mr. Hancock has upon common roads, at least where the country is not sufficiently under the control of the reins in turning to do it with safety. Did you ever see a steam-carriage going down been very fortunate in the construction of his ma. gently undulating. In Nos. 27 and 28 of the Journal we gave the hill? Yes, down the hill of the new road to Isling. chinery, so as to obviate entirely the inconvenience to travellers which was apprehended from noise report of the committee, in which they say that the ton; and it was done with more safety than with of the machinery when the carriage is in motion; practicability of the enterprize they consider fully es- any carriage with four horses; but I do not contemhills, for that supposes their getting up such hills. as well as from the escape of surplus steam when tablished, and that "these inquiries have led the plate the descent of steam-coaches down very steep which is not likely to be accomplished soon, and the carriage stops, as will be seen from the annexed committee to believe that the substitution of inaniextracts the first from the examination of Mr. John mate for animal power in draught on common roads, the present coaches seem to me to be only fit for Farey, and the second from Hancock's own exami. is one of the most important improvements in the our most improved lines of roads, where all very modes of internal communication ever introduced.", steep hills have been reduced to moderate slopes. nation by the committee. Mr. Richard Trevithick, called in and examined. This report is accompanied by the evidence given Have you been long conversant with steam en. "Apprehension has been felt that these steam coaches will be found to give great annoyance to travel. upon the subject by several eminent engineers, not lere passing them on the public roads, from smuke otherwise interested in the matter, as well as gentle. gines? Twenty-six years ago I invented a high pres sure steam engine and a locomotive engine, and since and the peculiar noise from letting off the steam; do men who have been engaged in the construction and that time Boulton and Watts's engines have been you apprehend such resu ts will take place?—I do use of steam carriages, all of whom speak in high thrown aside in Cornwall, and the high pressure not anticipate any great annoyance will result to travellers in other carriages. I have passed Mr. Han. terms of Mr. Gurney and Mr. Hancock, and of their steam engines, with the improvements upon the cock's on the road several times and Mr. Gurney's almost certain ultimate success in bringing their car. boilers I have made, have boon throwing Boulton and Watts's engines constantly out of use; there is also, and have travelled in them often; horses take riages into successful competition with, and proba not one of them now in use in the mines. The ave a little notice of them when in motion, but not much, bly entire exclusion of, common stage coaches. rage of the duty of Boulton and Watts's engines, and very soon become accustomed to them. I once Although we do not at present anticipate any at about twenty years ago, was taken by Mr. Gilbert, met Mr. Hancock going very quick along the New road, and drew up to see him pass; I had no difficul-tempts to introduce them to any extent into this which gave, perhaps, about seventeen millions of ty whatever in making my pony stand, though ra- country, as our roads are not in a suitable con. pounds, lifted a foot high with a bushel of coals; and sometime after that, Mr. Gilbert made a report ther a spirited one. Mr. Hancock did not observe dition to admit of it; yet we deem the subject of in the transactions of the Royal Society, that he had me; and as I wished to go with him, I turned and sufficient importance to warrant us in extracting found one of my high pressure engines in Cornwall drove after him, and after a race to overtake him, I had no difficulty in drawing alongside of his steam largely from the documents in our possession, was doing nearly seventy-five millions; and, in the carriage for a good way in order to speak to him, in order to call the attention of scientific and same report, he stated that they were doing nearly as seven to twenty-eight, or four to one, and as ten and get him to stop for me. The emission of hot practical men to its investigation; and we there to one on the atmospheric engines. air was very sensible, when following close along fore in this number make several short extracts from Have you lately paid attention to steam carriages side of the boiler at the hinder end of the carriage, the examination of different gentlemen, that an idea on common roads? I have noticed the steam carbut I did not observe any puffing of steam." Mr. Hancock, on being asked "When you may be had of their general character, and at the riages very much; I have been abroad for a good many years, and had nothing to do with them until let off steam, does it produce any violent noise same time give notice that we shail hereafter lately, but I have it in contemplation to do a great in stopping?" says "I can give an instance to probably publish at length the most interesting of deal on common roads; railroads are useful for speed, and for the sake of safety, but not otherwise; the contrary which occurred in London, which is The annexed extracts cannot, we think, be road every purpose would be answered by steam on comAbout a men roads. the best place to put the thing to a test. Is your machine applicable to steam carriages? fortnight or three weeks ago, Mr. Wilks was kind without at least producing a desire to see the experenough to mention my running on the Stratford iment tried in this country; and if we may be permit" It is chiefly for that purpose, it works without wa road, and I wished him to present a petition from ted to suggest a suitable road for experiment, we ter; now the Manchester carriages use four tune a me to the House of Commons, and at the same time would say that there is none more suitable than day-two tuns that they take in when they start, and two they take in midway of their journey; there requested that he would take a ride with me in my is that weight to carry, and the loss of time. You conceive steam carriages to be applicable to common purposes? Yes, to every purpose a horse them. in engine on the Stratford road. I waited three quar. the Third avenue in this city, or that between Al- can effect. Have you any plan particularly applicable to that From the examination of John Farey, Esq. · purpose? Yes, I have taken out a patent for that Had you occasion to turn any sharp corners when purpose. This, the plan which I produce, (produc in Mr. Hancock's carriage? Yes, many; the yard ing the same,) will show the principle. I built a of his premises is exceedingly narrow and inconve twenty horse engine in Cornwall, in order to try nient to turn into and oat from, but it is done with this: this I produce is for a ship engine. The burst his boiler would not be heard even by the passengers ease by the steam-coach; but the same place would ing of boilers has been occasioned by the boilers bein the carriage, unless they were particularly atten- not do at all for a coach and four horses to put up ing left under guage, neglected to be charged with tive to the machinery when it occurred, as may be at. And singular as it may appear, an explosion of water, and, I believe, by their getting foul and in crusting with salt from using salt water; the low respecting their breaking up or settling down the creased that velocity to 40 miles. We have ascendpressure engines have burst as well as the high pres surface, and what farther advantages I might expected a hill with a soft wet bottom, rising one foot in sure; if the tubes of the boiler are heated red hot, from my late improved steam engine? In answer, six, at rather a slow rate. We have ascended one of and the engine is standing at the time water is still I beg to say, in 1804, I invented and introduced the the loftiest hills in the district near Southampton, in. the boiler is quiet; but on the engine setting to high-pressure steam and locomotive engines, and, at 16 1.2 miles an hour. We have gone fromthe work, a discharge of steam from the boiler to the cy. also, in 1813, invented the iron tanks and buoys for turnpike gate at Southampton to the four miles one linder causes a great ebullition in the boiler, and the his Majesty's navy. In 1814, I was engaged by the on the London road, a continued elevation, with water splashing over the hot sides make a superabun- Spanish government to construct in England nine one very slight descent, at a rate of 24 miles an hour, dant generation of steam. The space that would be high pressure steam engines, and a mint, with pump loaded with people. The locomotive vehicles used filled instantaneously from the hot tubes being sud- work, and every thing complete for draining the on the Liverpool and Manchester railroad would not denly cooled, the space occupied by that superabun great mines of Pasco, in Peru: they weighed 500 go at the rate of three miles an hour on a common dance would fill three hundred times the space usual. tous, in 20,000 pieces, the boilers each of six tons level road, and would not ascend any hill; and on ly allowed for steam, and a safety valve of five times weight, all in single plates, and the cylinders each account of the diameter of their boilers, cannot, scithe size would give no relief, or not in time; a proof in six pieces, all carried up the mountains on males' entifically speaking, be considered safe. The vehi that a high pressure steam engine boiler has not been backs, and put together on the spot, by which the cle is under perfect control in every respect. No broken generally by the pressure of the high steam, mines were effectually drained, the ores wound up, accident from explosion can take place. We have but from being heatod, is because the portable gas- smelted, stamped and coined; they remained in full had whole families of ladies, day after day, out with holders are about ten inches diameter, and the six-work until the Spanish army retreated through the us in all directions, and who have the most perfect teenth of an inch thick, and they are charged with mines before the patriots, and, on their retreat, broke confidence. We are now upon the point of establish30 atmospheres, or 450 lbs each without accident; an the engines, and threw them into the engine pits. ing a factory where these vehicles will be made in accident never happens to them, and the pressure is For a report of my progress in Peru, see the first numbers; and a great many are already required by not halfso great as on half the strength of iron; the number of the Geological Transactions of Cornwall, coach proprietors, carriers of merchandize, and boilers of steam engines in Cornwall have burst that copied from the Lima Gazettes. In reply to the others, for their use on the public roads. Railroads, have not been loaded to an eighth part of that pres- questions put to me by the committee of the House excepting in very peculiar situations, are behind the sure for the same substance and size of boilers. of Commons, respecting the probable process of age; and it is my decided opinion, that those who Therefore, that is a proof that they must have been steam power for locomotive purposes, I beg to say. embark capital in constructing them will be great broken by the heating of the boiler, and suddenly on railroads, they have been proved to be useful to a losers. cooling it by a sudden expansion. The gas holders certain extent, but are still defective, on account of have never been heated, and have never been injur. their great weight of machinery and water, and the Have you one or two safety valves? Two. ed. I have known instances whereby turning cold difficulty of getting water at all times, also a want of At what pressure do you usually work your carwater into a red hot boiler they have exploded. An permanent safety against explosion; but, from a late riage? Two hundred and forty seven pounds on the engine I had the care of was injured by neglect of improvement of mine, these obstacles are now re-square inch of the boiler, but we have worked it at a one of the enginemen in that way. The boilers to moved, and when these late improvements are com- greater pressure than that. To what pressure do you usually weight your are cylinders, one in the other, the inner cylinder be constructed so light as to travel at almost any safety valve? Two hundred and forty-seven pounds. containing fire, and the cuter cylinder surrounds the speed, and thousands of miles without a supply of Then you travel always on a lift? Yes; we are water, and leaves a space of about a foot between water, and the risk of exploding is reduced to an im- always glad to see our steam blowing off, and when the two tubes of water. Where they have been neg-possibility, with a saving of considerably above fifty our fire is even moderately good, it is always blowlected the fire tube has been made red hot, and the per cent. in fuel; all those improvements will appearing off, even up the steepest hills, proving an excess splashing of water over the hot tube from the ebulli. in my statement hereafter. of power. tion occasioned by the escape of steam, has burst the The arrangement of this new engine embraces Does that create any annoyance to passcagers boiler by the water flowing over the red hot sides, every advantage that can be wishod for; safety, sav. along the read? None whatever; the waste steam and generating steam faster than it can be dis- ing of fnel, lightness, little room simplicity, and is carried round a double casing of the fire place, charged. nearly independent of water, it can be made applica- then brought over the surface of the firo, where By neglected, you mean that the tubes were not ble to any purpose, and, much more effectual than some portion is consumed, and the rest passes off completely covered with water? They are not co- horse power, the first cost of erection far less than through a very small chimney in an wriforin state. vered with water. With my inferential engine that a quarter the cost of horses, for the duty performed, Do you use coal or coke? Soft and good coke, independent of the difference of expense between which easily ignites and burns rapidly. coals and horse feed, because a one horse engine You have not any annoyance then to passengers Do you conceive that your engine, of which you will, by constant work, perform the work of four from smoke from your carriages? None, whatever; have produced a plan, is as applicable to earriages on horses every twenty four hours. For breaking up there is no appearance of smoke, except on lighting roads as to the propelling engines at sea? Yes, and tilling large commons, very little establishment the fire with wood, which is necessary to ignite the that is one object. I have in view, and for agricultu- will be required. Another great national advantage coke. the high pressure steam engines on my construction bined with my former locomotive engines, they can never can be the caso. * * * ral purposes, for ploughing, and every other purpose. will be fish, as it will be in the power of every fish. That takes place before you start? Yes; but Have you ever calculated what the weight of a ing-boat to get a small engine, and bring fish to mar. even that will not be necessary when everything is carriage would be with one of your engines? Yes; ket all round the coast while fresh, independent of arranged. I am looking to see the necessity of the doing away wind: this may be carried by locomotive engines, in You state that your carriage is under the most with the supply of water that I have done away a few hours to the interior of the country. Besides, perfect control? Perfect. with; but, in dispensing with the water, I shall save every merchant ship will be propelled by steam, as Supposing you were going at the rate of ten miles three quarters of the fuel; every time we double the an engine of ten tons weight on the deck, occupy, an hour on a level road, in what number of feet do force of steam we save seventy-five per cent. upon ing very little more room than a ton cask, would you suppose you could entirely check the carriage? it. This engine, I conceive, will not take one quar- propel a ship of 500 tons five miles per hour with It would be difficult to stato precisely the number of ter part of the fuel; one charge of water will do for sixpence worth of coals, and will also pump the feet; but certainly in a less space than you could a month. I have just taken out a patent for my on- ship, weigh the anchor, and take in and out the car-stop a pair of carriage horses going with the same gine. go. The principles of the leading power being ma. weight attached to them. I have no hesitation in Do you condonse with a sufficient rapidity to tured, all the applications will soon follow. saying, that a steam vehicle is safer in every re. take from the piston the pressure of the returning spect than one with horses, that it is under more steam? Yes; there was an engine which had been) Mr. Nathaniel Ogle, called in and examined. complete management at the same velocities and working with high steam and one of my boilers, and What is your profession? I have no profession; with the same weight, that it is more casily controlthe cylinder was enclosed with brick work to keep I am pursuing the introduction of locomotive en-led, and that none of the accidents from fractious off the external air: while I was abroad they took gines on common roads. horses can take place with steam carriages. down the brick work, and set it at a distance from Have you invented any carriage of this descrip. Do you find that horses are generally frightened the cylinder of four or five inches, and turned the tion actually now in practice? Yes, partly so. by passing your carriage? Very few indeed; perdraught from the fire round the cylinder to keep it Have you run your carriage for any length of sons usually alarm their horses, (the animal being off, and from that made more than sixty per cent. time on public roads? About 800 miles, or rather quickly subject to aların,) either by dismounting or difference in the fuel; if the engine was doing forty more, over roads of various descriptions, and up lof-patting them, and thus anticipating apprehension. millions to a bushel of coals before, it then did sixty-ty bills. * three millions, and they burnt five bushels of coals Will you describe, generally the nature of your Are your wheels dished, or are they cylindrical? to keep the cylinder hot. If they had put that under carriage, and of any improvements you have made Cylindrical, with flat tires. the boiler, it would have done forty millions as be- since you first turned your attention to the subject ? What are the diameters of your propelling wheels? fore; but in putting in five bushels round the builer, The object in all locomotive vehicles is to obtain a We have generally used them about six feet; those it did three hundred and fifty-six millions: then the mode of generating steam that shall give the com. we have now are about five feet six. difficulty was to know how it would make that dif-mand of a sufficient power, under all varying cir Have you changed the diameter from experiment, ference. I could not at first make it out; however, cuinstances to be met with on the common roads.- from Goding the smaller diameter more convenient? it turned out afterwards how it was, and it was the We have obtained that desideratum, by combining From finding some wheels with the spokes cut steam; when coming in upon the piston, the cold the greatest heating surface in the least possible through, whether intentionally by the workmen, or sides of the cylinder took out a part of the heat; space, with the strongest mechanical force, so that from inero neglect, we could not tell; but they were these are single engines; the steam is returned un- we work our present boiler at 250 lbs. pressure of merely reduced from six feet to five feet six. der the piston upon the engine going that stroke steam on the inch, with the most perfect safety. Our For a carriage calculated to carry eighteen persons again. experimental vehicle, weighing about three tons or what would be the length, and what the breadth ? rather more, we have propellad from London 10 I think that our next will measure eigh'een feet six; Are there any additional observations you wish Southampton, and on the roads in the vicinity of that is not so long as a carriage with two horses: to make to the committee? There are. I was ask- Millbrook, at various speeds. The greatest velocity the breadth six feet nine inches between the wheis. ed what I had performed, and what was my opinion we obtained, over rather a wet road, with patches of During the course of your experience, have you as to whether steam power could be made useful on gravel upon it, was between 32 and 35 miles an hour, met with any accident, such as the breaking of your common roads in general, and the difference in effect and might have been continued under similar cir. nachinery? None whatever of any denoniuation; between broad and narrow wheels on such roads, cumstances, and we could, on a good road, have in not one bolt, not one screw, has ever given way, 568 during a period of twelve months, and under circum- the fabric, were made from the mulberry tree hear-they thrive better than on any thing else that can stances which would have utterly destroyed any ing the smallest leaves. These practical opinions be given them; and horses that are fed on it altoother carriage, and very much to the surprize ofen and facts are rather opposed to the preference given gether are remarkably hardy, performing journeys gineers, who are sadly misinformed on all points re- by you to the "large leaves" of the "new Chinese and enduring fatigues which in our country would lative to steam coaches, and have never advanced mulberry," and without they have been proven by appear incredible. It grows luxuriantly near Val their application to the use spoken of, to be equal, paraiso, lat. 33 degrees south, on high and airy ele their success. In the improvements you are now engaged upon in every respect, to the "white mulberry" tree, I do vations, but, like every other crop in Chili, it must It likewise thrives well in the valley of in your carriage, are they relative to the size and not think we ought to profer its culture. If on the he irrigated twice or three times a week during the weights of the different parts, or merely in the con- contrary, the quality of the new kind be equal to dry season. veyance of the goods and passengers? They are the other in every respect, it certainly ought to be Lima, lat. 12 south, where it never rains. After it becomes thoroughly rooted, it will resist both more in improving slight details; the power we preferred, for the reasons given by you. You say that 20 trees will produce 20,000 in drought and frost. The fibres of the root will con have beyond all question to propel vehicles of any three years," if your instructions be followed in tinue to seek moisture as it recedes from the surface. weight, at any required veloeity. Have you made many experiments as to the size planting them, and that the trees offered by you will until they extend themselves to the distance of four. of your cylinder? We have made several experi-be put up in "packages of twenty." Mr. Rush, in teen or fifteen feet. The writer declares that he his communication to Congress, says, in Doc. No. would not exchange a luxuriant field of this extraor. ments. ་་ In reference to the usual velocity you require, 158, that "one tree will feed 6,000 worms, and will dinary grass for a moderately productive gold mine. and the weight you have to carry, what do you find produce one and a half pounds of silk," and that He directs that the seed be distributed amongst sev. the most advantago as size of cylinder? The lar-" an acre of ground will produce 60lbs. of silk in a eral intelligent farmers and agricultural societies, ger the eylinder, certainly, the better; but were I to season." This calculation places the trees in the for the purpose of making full and satisfactory ex give definite answers to such questions, it would be plantation at 33 feet apart, and 40 trees to the acre.periments of its congeniality with our soil and cligiving too much information to those opposed to us. Taking Mr. Rush's statement as correct, the 20 mate. [Remarks.-We publish the above for the purpose trees offered for sale in caoh package, will make a There are but few men in of accompanying it with the remark, that the clover Potomac Bridge-We learn from the Phoenix Ga-plantation of 500 acres. zette, that the bridge across the Potomac, between our country, who could, if so disposed, establish so mentioned is most probably the Lucern. We have Washington and Alexandria, is to be rebuilt by go- large a plantation, and of course who would want twice roceived seed from the same part of South vernment on the old site. The width of the river 20 trees to begin with. Would it not be more ac- America, said to be a new and superior variety of at that spot is 1722 yards; 38 yards short of a mile.commodating to the public, to dispose of the trees clover, but which proved to be lucerne, and the de. The bridge is to be not less than 36 feet wide. There in packages of five in number?-This information scription given of the above is similar to those we are two principal channels in the river, and at each might induce many to send in their names as re-received.-Ed. Am. Farmer.] there is to be a draw which will admit the passage quested, who otherwise may not do it. POMONKEY. The remarks of the Editor of the Farmer upon of the largest vessels navigating the Potomac above RAILROADS IN THE UNITED STATES.-Next to the Grand Canal, we deem the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad one of the noblest entorprizes ever under. taken in this country: it will be, when completed, We take the following extract from Prince's Trea. the longest continuous line of Railroad in the world. to preserving the navigation. A premium of $200 tise on the Vinc, and shall hereafter make further It will not, however, long remain so, as we with will be paid for an approved design. extracts from the same, and other works on the confidence anticipate the construction of an AtlanThe eastern channel is 222 yards wide, the westtic Railroad passing through the principal cities in same subject: ern 450; the depth of water 9 feet in the former, 28| Origin and native country of the vine, &c.-Not the Atlantic States, from Maine to Georgia,—upon in the latter, at low water. The greatest rise of tide is about six feet. Of the 1050 yards between only, as Chaptal truly remarks, are we indebted to which one may travel a thousand miles with as much ease as he can now travel the fourth part of the two channels, 750 have a depth at low water of Asia for civilization and the arts, but also for the most of the cultivated grasses, fruits and vegetables, only 3 1.2 feet. The middle channel is 300 yards and even for the vine. By some authors it has been it. Railroads will also intersect this country in vswide, and has but 7 feet water. supposed to be a native of Syria, but none of these rious directions. One is projected, and already comappear to have possessed any proofs on the subject. menced, from Boston through New Hampshire, and The accounts of Andre Michaux, who found it in [From the American Farmer of June 15.1 NEW CHINESE MULBERRY. : the woods of Manzanderan, and of Olivier, member Vermont to Ogdensburg, N. Y. and it will not stop of the French Institute, who saw it in many parts there; it will in a few years be continued on through Charles County, Md. June 5th, 1832. MR. SMITH:—In your number of the "American of the mountains of Curdistan, as well as the cir- Jofferson, Oswego, Onondaga and Courtlandt counFarmer," of the 25th of May, you recommend to the cumstance that the most part of our acclimated ties, to Binghamton, there to intersect the great growers of silk in our country, the culture of the fruits, and our domestic animals, come from upper above named tree in preference to the "white mul- Asia, banish all doubt of the fact that Persia is its Western Railroad from New York to Lake Erie,iş it too much to say, to the Mississippi? There berry." The writer of these few remarks would be native country. Pallas also found the vine growing naturally upon will also be the Pennsylvania and Maryland glad to know, if the "new Chinese mulberry" has been proven by its use in the making of silk, to be the Caspian and upon the Black Sea, and it is also Railroads, and one from Harper's Ferry, through equal to the white mulberry (Morus alba) of China, very common in the Crimea. The introduction of the vine to those countries the valley of Virginia, to Tennessee. Will there and if so where it has been used. It is a well known fact, that the silk worm will feed upon the Morus where it is now cultivated to the greatest extent, not be another in Virginia from Richmond, to interrubra, (red mulberry,) a native of our own country, was gradually from more eastern climes, whence it sect the first in the valley? There is no doubt of it. "Old Virginia" cannot rest easy and see Baltimore which in some of the states spontaneously springs was first brought to the southern parts of Europe. up, when a native forest is cut down, particularly if In the time of Homer it grew spontaneously in the take all the trade from the West; she must make a the land be enclosed, but the experience of Mr. Des. island of Sicily, and probably upon adjacent parts longchamps as recorded in his essay upon that sub- of the continent; but it was not improved by skill, Railroad in self-defence. North Carolina, too, is ject, in page 11th, shews that the leaves of this spe- nor does it even appear that the rude inhabitants ex calling loudly upon her sons to step forth and vincies do not suit the constitution of silk worms. If tracted a liquor from it. It was not until a thou- dicate her character, to show the world that she that be the case with the leaves of the "red mulber. sand years after this period that Italy could boast, is not to be left in the background. The Central fitness of the "new Chinese mulberry" recommend. than two-thirds were the produce of her own soil. Railroad, and also the Cape Fear and Yadkin Railed by you, with the "white mulberry" so generally A highly interesting and curious account is given read, are projected, and a large portion, we believe, cultivated in foreign countries for the food of the by Dr. Sickler, of its gradual migration to Egypt, of the stock subscribed among her own inhabitants silk worm, before we discard it for the new kind? Sicily, and Greece. The Phoenicians, who had on the routes. This is as it should be. The history of this new kind, as well as that part widely extended their commerce, and who frequent ry," ought we not to have some evidence of the equal that of the fourscore most celebrated wines, more Those to of China of which it is a native, and the reasons for ly explored the coasts of the Mediterranean, intro. be benefitted should step forward and sustain the believing it better than the white kind or equal to duced the culture of the vine into the isles of the enterprize. North Carolina will have a Railroad ít, as proven by its use, would be gratifying to those Archipelago, and afterwards into the island of Si or roads from her navigable waters to the moun who are about planting trees for the production of cily and into Greece; and lastly to Italy, Provence, silk, among which number is the writer. and the territory of Marseilles. Should your recommendation of the Morus mul. ticaulis bo sustained as to results from its use, (not) 'as to the texture alone of the silk, but as to its suit. [From the Raleigh (N. C.) Star.] tains; and she, too, may pass those barriers, and claim a share of the riches of the West ;-she will at least compete for it. We shall give occaALFALFA, OR SPANISH CLOVER.-The Western sionally some of the numbers of Carlton upon ing the constitution of worms) the writer, as well Carolinian publishes a letter from a gentleman in this subject, which were a long time since received, as many othore, would be glad to obtain some of the Valparaiso, Chili,) the late Editor of the Carolinian, and should have been mentioned at an earlier date. trees you expect to have in November next for sale. and now Navy Agent on the Pacific station, we pre. Amongst the preferences given to the "new Chi- sume,) to his friend in Salisbury, which gives an in- As for South Carolina she has done nobly in Railnese mulberry" by you, is the "large" size of its teresting description of a valuable grass, a box of the roads; she will soon have completed, and in opera. Jeaves. The general opinions of writers upon the secd of which, containing the twelfth of a bushel, tion, one hundred and thirty-five miles of Railroad subject, and particularly of Dandolo and Deslong- he had also forwarded to the same individual. This champs, are, that the large broad leaves are not as grass, he says, is the clover of the Spaniards, and in one line,-a groater extent than can be found nutritious as the small ones, and it has generally called, in the language of the country, Alfalfa. It elsewhere together. It certainly speaks loudly in been said and written, that "the best mulberry leaf grows luxuriantly in all parts of Chili and Peru, and favor of the enterprize and perseverance of the citi of any species is that which is called the double is the only kind of grass cultivated in those coun leaf; it is small, not very succulent, &o." The tries. It supersedes in a good degree the use of zens of Charleston; for we presume it must be beautiful and delicate silka of China which firat at, grain, for feeding both horses and cattle, All ani. mainly attributed to their influence that it has pro, fracted the attention of other parts of the world to male, whose food ja herbaceous, eat it greedily and gressed as it has. Bolder and more important schemes have been undertaken and brought to a can Railroad Journal," I can only say, that I hope, It appears to me that it should be known, to be FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. TWO DAYS LATER FROM ENGLAND.-The Barque Orbit, from Liverpool, has brought London and Liv. erpool papers to the evening of the 21st July. There is not much in the way of news by this arrival, but the items of intelligence are net wanting in interest, and serve to keep up the chain of events. There is nothing further relating to Dom Pedro's expedition, except some unofficial particulars, which will be found below. Accounts from Holland and Bel it, as from Boston to Ogdensburgh, from New To those interested in the Internal Improvements York to Lake Eric,-from Philadelphia to Pitts- of our country, but more especially in the conburgh,-from Baltimore to Wheeling, with a branch|struction of Railroads, I consider it an important through the valley of Virginia from Harper's Ferry; auxiliary in the present state of knowledge, or ra also, one from Richmond up James river to the ther, of ignorance, upon the subject. The Railroad gium are more warlike than ever, if such paragraphs mountains, and perhaps to the Ohio; one through system is yet in its infancy; but every day's experi- 19th, are to go for any thing: as the following, from the London Standard of July North Carolina to Tennessee, and another from ence proves that it is making advances to maturity. Charleston, S. C. to the same fertile country, we I believe its growth may be much accelerated by a gium. To morrow is the "last final day," and both Things seem to be coming towards a crisis in Bel. should have little apprehension of a dissolution of collection of the facts and principles already known, parties are preparing with all their powers of actual the Union. It may be asking too much of others to and diffusing them extensively through such a me. conflict. In the sitting of the 12th at Brussels, the desire them to anticipate the half above enumerated, dium as the "Journal." For this purpose, it would Minister for foreign affairs declared that it was imbut for ourselves we have no doubt of the construc- be desirable to obtain the aid of scientific and prac- be had to arms, even though that day might be al. possible for him to name the day when recourse would tion within a few years of the majority of them; te-tical men, onginoors, and mochanics, from every ready fiend gether with numerous others of less magnitude not section of the Union. The Prussian State Gazette contains the follow mentioned. The facilities for intercourse afforded Their contributions would add greatly to its va- ing important paragraph :-"The British Embassy by Railroads, will have a great influence in remov-lue upon the inain subject, and not materially di- have declared, that a fleet is preparing to employ ing the prejudices now cherished by one section of minish the interest to the general reader, who may measures of rigor against Holland, to obtain the country against another. They will enable us to still find in its ample columns a fund of interesting evacuation of the citadel of Antwerp: but our Govvisit different sections, to compare our own faults miscellaneous matter of a much more useful and ernment is strongly opposed thereunto, and has de. with theirs, and to find that there is not, after all, so substantial character than is often met with in week-clared that neither the French, nor the Belgians, nor much difference as we apprehended. ly gazettes. In this opinion I am sustained by the the English,skall occupy the citadel before the affairs This may be taken as a fair specimen of what the recent expressions in its favor of several gentlemen be completely arranged." Journal is to be, except as to quantity; we do not of intelligence, subscribers to the Journal in this The marriage between the King of Belgium and usually give over five or six pages in each number one of the daughters of Louis Philip is positively I hope, therefore, thy exertions in the "good fixed for the 7th Aug. whatever may be the state relating to Internal Improvements: the other ten or eleven pages are devoted to the news of the day, cause" may be continued with unabated zeal. Re- of the negociation on the Belgic treaty. The mar Miscellany, and the Review of the Week, from the New-York American. From J. Knight, Esq., Chief Engineer of the Baltimore and BALTIMORE, Aug. 28, 1832. State. spectfully thy friend, D. K. Minor. JAMES P. STABLER. riage will take place at Compeigne with the least possible display and expense. The King of Belgium will leave Brussels for Compeigne on 3d August. Leopold has prorogued the Belgian Congress; an bers to obtain from his ministers some explanation attempt was previously made by the opposition mem. The AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL is a valuable publication which we ought to have noticed ore now. It is published at New York, by D. K. Minor, at To the Editor-I take this occasion to express my $3 a year, in advance,—a rule, by the way, which on the subject of the acts of the London Congress, approbation of the Am. Railroad Journal, and a hope ought to be adopted by all publishers of journals. but without effect. We would hope that the Com. that its patronage may be sufficient to sustain it. The more peculiar topics of this publication are dai. mander of the citadel of Antwerp will find no excuse I have experienced much pleasure, andderived much ly growing in interest; it is not, however, confined for carrying his threatened destruction of the city information from its perusal. If bound and preto these, but embraces other modes of internal im- into effect, though we are not without our fears that served it will be a valuable book of reference to en-cellaneous information, together with the current provement," as also agricultural, literary, and mis- before matters are settled, the envy with which Holland has always regarded the sommercial advanta. gineers and others. news. Party politics are excluded. The terms are ges of Antwerp may, in the present state of excited It is calculated to promote the great objects of In-low, especially as it is the design of the proprietor, feeling between the two countries, be productive of ternal Improvement in a high degree, and no country with proper encouragement, to illustrate by engrav. some injury to its prosperity. will experience more benefit from such improve- new inventions in both. It is in a neat quarto form, ings as well the rails and carriages now in uso, as From France there is nothing new. ments than the U. S. Our country is highly pro- of 16 pages to the number, well printed, and merits to keep alive the apprehensions of the country. It In England the condition of Ireland continued ductive, widely extended, and populated by a race encouragement from the country at large, and not who are enterprising and ingenious. To a people the least from our own city, to which the diffusion was not believed that the bill for the modification so circumstanced, certainty and rapidity of move-portation, is more particularly a mattor of moment. Commons, would at all soothe the Irish people. of correct knowledge touching this mode of trans- of the tithe system, which has passed the House of ment from place to place, both of property and per. We cannot but continue confidently to hope that sons, will ever be a desideratum. It is so in the just information on this point will eventually ensure We perceive, by a late trial in the Court of King's Island of England; how much more so upon this the successful completion of our own great enter. Bench, it has been decided, that if the steersman of prize, by awaking the mind of the public to its trans- a steamboat, by carelessly coming too near another cendant superiority. This must be the issue; but vessel, thereby sinks her, owing to the swell of the To turnpike roads and canals, railroads must be we are interested that it should be hastened; and water, the proprietors of the former are liable, aladded, and there can be no doubt but that these last such a publication as the present is one of the will occupy a very prominent place in the system, if means, and deserves patrona ge as such, best adapted indeed they do not supersede canals in nine cases to that object.-[Balt. Patriot, 28th August.] out of ten. continent! though there should be no actual contact. CHOLERA.-The report of the 20th gives, for England and Scotland, 369 new cases and 136 deaths. In Dublin, 17th, 174 new cases, 55 deaths. Cholera in Paris.-The official bulletin of the eholera for Sunday states the deaths in the hospitals to have been 45, and at home 125. The number of new The very great advantages of speed and winter RAILROAD JOURNAL.-Some time since, we made travel will be secured by the Railway system. This one or two notices of the "Railroad Journal," a is abundantly evident from what has already been weekly paper issued in New-York, by D. K. Minor, performed; but if we indulge in the contemplation of what will in all probability result from the im- Esq. publisher of the New-York American. We have cases admitted into the hospitals was 149, and the provements of Railways, and especially of the ma- now before us a complete file of that excellent pa- patients discharged cured 23. I regret exceedingly chinery to be employed upon them, there is very per, and feel bound to ask attention to its merits. to state, on the authority of a respectable physician, strong grounds to believe that this mode of convey. The publisher gathers whatever concerns internal that the deaths on Sunday were between 300 and ance will far exceed all others in celerity, and in improvement, and presents it in an interesting form; 400, while the official return represents them as hav its adaptation to the wants of an extended commu-and when the limits of his paper will (as it always ing been 128. nity. Respectfully, J. KNIGHT. D. K. Minor, Esq. does) allow of variety, he selects from the in- With regard to the continuance of the "Ameri- United States Gazette) NEW YORK AMERICAN. LITERARY NOTICES. · several well selected sketches-such as those from at New-York, in consequence of the failure of an * 'Lest the same warrio-drover Wayne, THE BRITISH DOMINIONS IN NORTH AMERICA, by Col. Joseph Bouchette, Surveyor-General of Lower Canada; 2 vols. 4to.-We have already copied one MRS. SHERIDAN.-Lady Lucan was heard to say or two notices of this splendid and costly publica- a very neat thing to Mrs. Sheridan: You must certion from British journals; and now, having looked tainly be a very happy woman, madam, who have His cornstalk whiskey for his grog, the felicity of pleasing the man that pleases all the Black stockings and blue breeches.' through a copy of it, are enabled to give a more world.' particular account. This valuable topographieal And concludes by observing, that it is necessary to REPARTEE.-M. Lalande dined one day at the check the current of satire, and statistical work is in two volumes quarto, cm- house of Recamier, and Madame de Staëi, equally bellished with landscapes and plans of towns and distinguished for her wit. Wishing to say something harbors, &c., and is accompanied with elaborate agreeable to the ladies, the astronomer exclaimed, He was actually taken by a party from the divigeographical and topographical maps of the British How happy I am to be thus placed between wit and sion of the army immediately under the command of beauty! Yes, M. Lalande,' sarcastically replied Wayne.-[Garden.] possessions, on a large scale, including therein a Madame de Staël, and without possessing either.' ELIZABETH BENNETT, OR PRIDE and Prejudice, by considerable section of the northern United States, HENRY CLAY.-A few years since, shortly after chiefly bordering on the River St. Lawrence, and the agitation of the famous compensation bill in the author of Sense and Sensibility. Carey & Lea, the Lakes Ontario, Erie and Huron, and on which Congress, Mr. Clay, who voted in favor of this bill. Philadelphia.-It has long been a matter of surprize is satisfactorily delineated the boundaries of the upon returning home to his constituents, found a to us that our intelligent publishers have not long formidable opposition to his re-election. After adtwo countries, as claimed by each respective Go-dressing the people from the hustings, previous to since taken up Miss Austin's excellent novels, which vernment. Judging by a cursory glance at the lite the opening of the pull, he stepped down into the are better entitled to be termed "select" than any ❤ ❤ution of the work, with a pernoal of cove crowd, where he met an old and influential friend of which are now coming from the press. But they ral extracts in the English papers, it appears to be his, named Scott, one of the first settlers of Ken- bave not only been hitherto passed over while form. tucky, and of course, in his younger days, a great written in an easy and agreeable style, and marked huntsman. This gentleman, stepping up, addressed ing collections, but as the title-page of this bears by such sentiments of liberality and good feeling, as Mr. Clay as follows-Well, well, Harry, I've been witness, not till now even re-published in this proclaim both the breeding and the scholarship of with you in six troubles; I am sorry I must now de-country. The fact is, we fear that the “Almack” the writer. The tone in regard to this country, serable compensation bill; I must now turn my back worth," in the domestic novel, that writings like sert you in the seventh; you have voted for that mi- school has so completely supplanted the Edgewhenever alluded to, appeared to be of cordial re. upon you. Is it so, friend Scott? Is this the only spect; and we cannot but unite with an intelligent objection? It is.' We must get over it the best those of Miss Austin do not repay the publisher as correspondent in regretting that so valuable a work way we can. You are an old huntsman?' Yes. they ought, when compared in value with other should not yet have found a circulation throughout You have killed many a fat bear and buck?' 'Yes.' works of fiction. This miserable taste, however, I believe you have a very good rifle ? Yes, the United States, particularly as so much of its as good a one as ever cracked.'Well, did you ever we hope is now changing among us; and the subject matter cannot fail to be of deep interest have a fine buck before you, when your gun snapped? language of an English critic, in speaking of amongst us. The unsettled question of the bounda. The like of that has happened.' Well, now, friend the reception of such works in London now, may rics is treated of extensively, and what is of equal Scott, did you take that faithful rifle and break it all be equally applicable here. "The day is over," to pieces on the first log you came to, or did you ་ 4 importance at least, the valuable connexion of these pick the flint and try it again? The tear stood in says Mr. Jerden, "when titles and initials, Lady D., colonies with the United States. In short, to adopt the old man's eyes. The chord was touched. No, or the Duke of ****, charmed the bewildered reader, the words of our correspondent, "the mass of sub. Harry, I picked the flint, and tried her again; and and anecdotes of high life,' whether true or false, stantial information presented in these volumes, is I'll try you again; give us your hand. We need silly or stupid, were taken on the authority of a of a character to interest, not only the statesman. scarcely say that the welkin rung with the huzzaing title page. Fashionable is as much worn out as but also the merchant, agriculturist, the emigrant the hustings and re-elected. plaudits of the by-standers. Clay was borne off to mythological fable; and Almack's is an Olympus and the tourist; in fact, it is the most valuable work GOLDSMITH'S MARLOW.-Mr. Lewis Grummit, an whose literary reign, whatever may have become extant, as a topographical and statistical exhibit." eminent grazier of Lincolnshire, met late one night of its galopade sovereignty, is quite over." All This work has attracted the attention of the British a commercial traveler who had mistaken his road, this in England is easily accounted for: there the and inquired the way to the nearest inn or public public taste has not only been sated, but gorged to public, in a way that must be highly flattering to house. Mr. G. replied, that as he was a stranger, the accomplished author; and when we mention, he would show him the way to a quiet respectable nausea, by the immense quantities of this trash that while the price in England is 3 or £4, it may house of public entertainment for man and horse; which has been discharged from the Press. The be obtained here for 22 shillings sterling, when a and took him to his own residence. The traveler, character of the times, too, calls for something number of sets are taken, we trust that a publication by the perfect ease and confidence of his manner, more masculine and spirit-stirring in writings of showed the success of his stratagem ; and everything fiction than these puling details of elegant puppyso creditable to transatlantic, if not American talent, that he called for, was instantly provided for him. will meet with that patronage on this side the water self and his horse. In the morning he called, in an 18m. But more than this-the class to which they which it so richly deserves. authoritative tone, for his bill, and the hospitable principally relate are looked up to with less respect landlord had all the recompense he desired in the and interest than they were some months since in surprize and altered manners of his guest. It wa * PERCY ANECDOTES. 1 vol. 8vo. Harpers. Somebody says that the stupidest book in the world is a from this incident that Dr. Goldsmith took the hint Britain. The middle classes have lost much of jest-book; and we are half of his opinion, if to read of Marlow mistaking the house of Mr. Hardcastle their curiosity about "the doings of the exclu for an inn, in the comedy of She Stoops to Conquer. sives," and the more respectable of the nobility it through at a sitting were meant. But no one will GENERAL ARNOLD.-During the traitor Arnold's themselves regard with contempt the younger memdeny that anecdote reading, however nearly allied to predatory operations in Virginia, in 1781, he took bers of their order, who add by their follies to their the other, is among the most entertaining. If the an AmericaL captain prisoner. After some general collection be well made and judiciously put together, conversation, he asked the captain what he thought unpopularity in the existing state of things, and, the mind is interested in or entertained by the indi- the Americans would do with nim if they caught in the trifling lives they lead, ape Rome's imperial vidual anecdotes, while the appetite for more is kept him? The captain declined at first giving him an fiddler when the city was burning. May wo see answer; but upon being repeatedly urged, he said, no more of these silly caricatures of life and man. from being palled by the variety of matter that is. Why, Sir, if I must answer the question, you will placed before it. Now here is just the volume that excuse my telling you the truth; if my countrymen ners here, especially while such works as the one every body who has been running about the country should catch you, I believe they would first cut off before us, with the excellent writings of the author for the last six weeks, would have given the world to freedom and virtue at Quebec, and bury it with the the author of Richelieu,-not to mention greater your lane leg, which was wounded in the cause of of " Marriage," and the splendid romances, of have thrust into his valise, and taken along as a com- honors of war, and afterwards hang the remainder panion suited to cvery mood. The Percy collection of your body on a gibbet.' names,-may suffice for all those irreclaimable pen. is too well known for us to criticise, but its great PAINTING THE DEAD.-Bacici, a Genoese painter, ple who, by novel reading, wage hostilities with defect has hitherto been the form in which it was who flourished in the 17th century, had a very pe- Time. published,―a number of small volumes, among deceased persons whom he had never seen. He first enliar talent of producing the exact resemblance of TABLETS OF RURAL ECONOMY.-This is the title which the selections were classified under different drew a face at random, and afterwards altering it in of a weekly journal published at Newburgh, which heads, so that cach volume was devoted to but one every feature, by the advice and under the inspec is devoted to the improvement of American Agricul. subject. In the present edition the classification is tion of such us had known the party, he improved it ture. The Editor is John W. Knevels, Esq., a genstill preserved, but the whole collection being to a striking likeness. tleman whose attainments as a Naturalist, and geneMAJOR ANDRE.-It is certainly a very singular cir. brought together, the reader can refer to any part of cumstance, that André should, in a very satiri ral scientific acquirements admirably fit him for the it at his pleasure. Among the American Anecdotes cal poem, have foretold his own fate. It was called task he has undertaken-the dissemination of in. at the end, we observe considerable additions, and the Cow.Chace,' and was published by Rivington, formation upon all points connected with American L |