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DESCRIPTION OF MOTIVE POWER, AND DIS

POSITION OF RAIL-ROADS.

[From Wood's Treatise on Railroads-Philadelphia edition.] better hold in regulating the descent. The brake, venth part of his own weight; and therefore the for a long time, only acted upon the hind-wheels, angle of inclination will be about 8° 15'; and, upon and in that case I suppose they found it necessary to this acclivity, the exertion required to overcome the In the early periods of the history of Rail-roads, retain the wooden wheels, to secure suffizient hold. gravity of the horses' own weight, is equal to the the disposition of the general line of the road into After it was prolonged beyond the fulcrum, and made force he is capable of bestowing upon the load on a proper or uniform degrees of inclination, seems to to act upon both wheels, the effect being doubled, level plane. In laying out a Railroad, therefore, with a view Most of I presume they found its action upon the cast-iron to have been an object of little moment. the Railroads, descending in the direction the goods wheels sufficiently powerful, on such descents as of employing the motive power of horses, all asthe proper hold: and cents should be carefully avoided; the diminution were to be conveyed, afforded an easy draught to the they traversed, to secure of his power being so very rapid, that very little loaded carriages; and the descent was never so great, the wooden wheels were therefore relinquished. The next improvement was the adoption of iron effective power will be left for the action upon the but that the empty carriages could be easily drawn up the acclivitios. In some of the deep ravines, rails, and then the load of the horse was increased load. Even on moderate acclivities, the road should, mounds of earth were thrown up, and some sudden to nearly double the quantity heretofore taken upon if the level of the two places will not admit of and abrupt acclivities partially levelled; but trifling the wooden rail; and this also led to a complete moderate inclination, be divided into successive undulations do not appear to have been noticed. change in the disposition of the road. By the sub-platforms, separated by short ascending planes, upon The horses, therefore, would, along the same line stitution of iron-rails the resistance was so much which some other species of power should be emof road, be frequently subjected to very fluctuating diminished, that the brake could no longer afford ployed. II.-Gravity. degrees of draught. Upon some of the old wagon. security to the wagons descending steep hills; and The first introduction of inclined planes, whereon Waye, the horen was sometimes very heavily strained, recourse was obliged to be had to other modes of

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1. HORSES.

2. GRAVITY, acting as self-acting planes.
3. STEAM-ENGINE, fixed with ropes.
4. STEAM-ENGINE, with locomotion.
I.-Horses.

On public and other Railroads, where the quanti. ty of goods to be conveyed is fluctuating, and is, or likely to be, the same in both directions, this spe cies of power cannot be resorted to.

is

It is only where a preponderance of goods has to

It will therefore be of importance, in the subject of Railroad conveyance, to ascertain upon what de. clivities, with a given preponderating load, this power is available.

and his action was, at other times, not required at descending them, and of restraining the velocity of the gravity of a heavy body downwards was employ. When the wagon came to some of the descents, the wagons. It is supposed that those circumstances ed to assist, or effect, the moving of a loss heavy it was the custom to unhook him from the fore-part led to the adoption of what is called the "self-act body, up a plane inclined to the horizon, appears to of the wagon, and cause him to follow behind, the ing inclined plane," on which the surplus gravity of have been upon canals; where the weight of the wagons running of themselves; the horse thus fol. the loaded wagons was usefully employed in drag. loadod boats lowered down were made to draw the empty boats up, a sloping plane, from one level to lowed until he arrived at a part of the road where ging the empty enos up to the plane. The prevailing means of draught then was:another. the wagon would no longer run down; he was then In the year 1788, Mr. Reynolds completed, at the again fastened to the wagon, until he arrived at horses upon the level, or slightly descending, or asanother declivity, when his action was not re.cending lines of road, and self-acting planes, upon Ketley Iron Works, an inclined plane, formed of a double iron Railroad, by which a loaded boat, in quired; and it was no uncommon thing to find him the steep declivities. Afterwards, when the steam engine became the passing down a frame constructed for the purpose, thus changed several times in the course of his prevalent moving power for almost every other me- drew up some boats which were empty. Since that journey. The only motive power for a long time after the chanical purpose, its action was employed upon time many inclined planes have been made upon introduction of Rail-ways, was horses, and, so long Railroads; in dragging the wagons up ascents on Railroads, for the purpose of drawing up the empty as the wooden rail continued in use, the general load the line of road, by means of a rope extending from earriages, by the gravitating power of the loaded carriages down the plane. was from two to three tons, including the weight of the engine to the wagons. And lastly, the power of locomotion was given to the carriages. The only guide, in the formation of the road, appears then to have been, to enable the the steam engine; and it was in that manner applied horse to drag that weight, and the road was sloped to drag the wagons along the more level parts of accordingly. It is interesting to trace the gradual Railroads, without the intervention of a rope. advancement towards the present state of improve. Having thus given an outline of the various spe ment, from the old roads, to those successively form-cies of motive power successively employed in trans-be conveyed in one direction, and where, upon any ed at the different steps of their progress; and the porting goods along Railroads, I shall now, for the declivities occurring in the line of road, that preponquantity of goods conveyed, at different periods, ex- sako of greater perspicuity, treat of them under derance is capable of overcoming the gravity of the emplify it in a very distinct manner. While the their respective heads, viz: returning carriages, that the action of gravity can be used to advantage. wooden rails without plates continued, the road followed almost always the undulations of the surface, except to avoid steep ascents; and where there was a separate road for the empty carriages, the latter invariably did so; no attempts seem to have been made to avail themselves of the action of gravity Any description of this species of power would be The object of all such inclined planes being to down the steep declivities: and the most disastrous quite superfluous. Of all quadrupeds, the horse is convey down a certain quantity of goods in a given effects were occasionally produced by the wagens the best adapted for use as a moving power, espe.me, and to do this with the least expenditure of running "a main," down the steep declivities. A cially in the way that his muscular action is here power; in forming a Railroad, therefore, with a brake, or convoy, being used, as above described, employed. In dragging carriages upon a Railroad, view of using this species of traction, it is not only to regulate their descent, this brake was pressed by we can always adapt the line of draught to the direc. necesary that the descent of the plane be such as to the man with more or less force, according to the tion of his muscular force, so that the greatest ef. give a preponderance to the loaded carriages over declivity of the road, or the velocity with which he fect is thrown upon the line of traction. When a those which are empty; but such a preponderance wished the wagons to descend. In wet or damp horse makes an effort to drag a carriage, he bends as will cause them to descend,and drag up the empty weather, the wheels, by licking up the dirt and mud his body forward, and throws that part of the weight carriages with the requisite velocity. If we give to the plano a greater inclination than from the rail, became so slippery that the action of upon the collar, which is required to overcome the the brake was almost destroyed, and the attendant resistance of the carriage; and the muscular force requisite, we expose the rope and carriages to an unhaving thus no power over the leaded carriage; it of his legs is employed to keep up this action, and necessary strain, and consequently to additional frequently got away, destroying everything in its to move his body forward. His offort then is resol wear and cost; and if the inclination be not suffi. course, perhaps killing the horses that happened to vable into two parts; viz: the action upon the load, cient, the proper performance will not be accombe upon the declivity, and was finally dashed to and that required to urge his own body forward. No plished. I shall, therofore, first of all, endeavor to pieces at the bottom. These accidents were not un- very satisfactory expesiments have yet been made, develope the laws which govern bodies descending common, and the destruction caused by them, and to ascertain the precise amount of each; or what inclined planes, and afterwards give such practical the narrow escapes which the men themselves fro- proportion the constant exertion which a horse is illustrations, as I trust will render the subject a quently experienced, are in the recollection of ma capable of bestowing upon the load bears to his matter of easy calculation to those interested. The phenomena of falling bodies is now well ny now living. To obviate this inconvenience in own weight. wet weather, boys and men were employed strewing Dr. Desagulier states the effect at 200 lbs., mov-known, and the laws by which they are governed in ashes upon the rails down the steep declivities, or, ed at the rate of two and a half miles an hour for 8 falling down inclined planes. The force with which a body is accelerated down as they were termed, "runs," to cause the brake to hours a day; or 200 lbs 20 miles a day. Mr. Sineatake effect; and, in some states of the weather, ton found his performance less. Mr. Watt states it an inclined plane, is to the whole gravitating force where very steep declivities occurred, the work was at 150 lbs., moving two and a half miles per hour. of the body falling freely; us the height of the plane obliged to be stopped entirely. I shall not at present enter into this question, far is to its length, or as the sine of the inclination of Frequently, where very steep descents occurred, ther than what is necessary to determine the degree the plane :for many days the work was laid off on account of of inclinatien of road; beyond which it would not, the weather; a sudden shower of rain occurring, on any account, be prudent, or even practicable, to when any of the wagons were upon 'the declivity, employ the action of horsos. set the whole away; and men were stationed to I shall assume 150 lbs. as the amount of a horse's Then the gravitating force of the body down the draw ropes, as booms, across the line of road, to power, at that velocity which should be kept up in plane, which may be expressed by G, will be stop their progress. If the ropes could be drawn conveying goods along a Railroad. I am aware, across before their momentum became very great, that occasionally, he may be able to exert considerathe damage was less; but, if they broke the ropes, bly more power upon the load; but it must be at then the most disastrous effects followed.

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Lot H

L

W

the height of the plane,
its length,
weight of the descending body.

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WH

L (1)
GW sin. I.

the expense of time, and should not therefore enter Or, making I the inclination of the plane, we have When the double wooden way came into use, plated into the calculation. A moderately sized horse with iron, and occasional ascents intervened, more will weigh about 10 cwt. or 1120 lbs. Taking this If we make 16 feet, the space which a body eare was taken in forming the road, and a horse was as our datum, we may reckon his muscular exertion will descend in a second by falling freely; and t enabled to take a chaldron wagon, containing 33 divided into eight parts; seven of which are requir. the time in seconds, ewt. of coals, exclusive of the weight of the empty cd to urge his own weight forward, and one that of wagon; still, however, the evil occasioned by the the load. Now, if the acclivity of the road be so wagons "running amain" down the steep declivities increased, until the gravity of the horse's own weight remained. amount to that proportion of his power which he is

And when the cast-iron wheels were brought into capable of exerting upon the load, then the muscu. use, the hind wheels of the wagon were still made lar effort will be the same in both cases. He is capa- and t of wood, that the brake might be enabled to take a ble of exerting upon the lead a force equal to a so

G

Then S sin. I rt2 or S

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X rt2 (2)

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For instance, if the height of the plane be equal the motion of these trains is affected by a rope, pass. without laying any unnecessary strain upon the rop to the 36th part of its length, or the descent be led over a roll or wheel at the top of the plane, and employed for the purpose: this can be effected, inch in a yard; then by (th. 1) the force by which over small sheeves upon the whole length of the either by employing a commensurate number of cal the body is urged down the plane, will be equal to plane we must, consequently, in applying the pre- riages upon, or by giving additional elevation to, the the 36th part of its weight; and (th. 2) the space vious theorem to practice, take all those resistances plane. Any body, or system of bodies, placed upon which it will describe in the first second of time, into consideration. a plane inclined to the horizon, will, if the gravita. will be the 36th part of 16 1-2 feet, or 5 13-36| Let W represent the inertia of the ascending ting tendency of the body down the plane exceed its inches; and by the laws of falling bodies, the spaces train of carriages, rope, wheel at the top, and friction, begin to descend, and its motion will be ac passed over being as the squares of the times, the sheeves upon the plane. celerated according to the laws of falling bodies, and space described at the end of any other time will be F' the friction of the descending train of car-will be the same, whatever be the number of carr will pass down the plane in a certain time; and this 36 inches; and the time of descending the plane/riages, the friction of the ascending train, their gra- ages: but, if we employ this system of bodies, equal to the square of that time multiplied by 5 13. will be equal to the square root of the length invity, and the friction of the rope, wheel, and sove-train of carriages, to drag up a certain number f

inches, divided by 5 13.36 inches.

=

ral sheeves upon the plane.

H

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empty carriages by means of a rope, we shall require a certain preponderance of gravitating force to ac

And GW- the gravitating force of the des-complish it in a given time; we can, therefore,

L

This will be true when the body descends the plane by sliding, and without friction; but, as in practice, the carriages are generally placed upon wheels, which roll down the plane, and none are cending train or moving power. without friction, we must, therefore, make allow. ances for these causes of retardation, otherwise the result in practice will not accord with the theorem

If a wheel, A, roll down an inclined plane,] making G the centre of gravity, O the centre of oscillation, and S the point of suspension; then the force which accelerates the centre of gravity down the plane, will be that part of the accelerating force of gravity expressed by

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The friction of carriages moved on Railroads will be afterwards shown not to differ materially from a uniform resistance; we may, therefore, express the resistance opposed by friction to the body moving freely down the plane by F, and consider the gravi. tating force diminished in amount equal to F, or to the force opposing the free motion of the body down the plane by the resistance of friction. Hence, re. taining the former symbols,

SG

we have S

SO

and consequently F

sin. I-FX rt2 (5)
SG
SO

S

sin. I

(6)

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rt2

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either increase the number of carriages, until th aggregate sum of their gravitating forces amount. to this preponderance; or we can, by elevating the plane, increase each individual gravitating force. until we acquire the same preponderance.

If we are restricted as to the number of carriages that can be conveyed down at a time, we must then necessarily have recourse to the latter method; but, if no such restriction exist, we can then give to the plane that elevation which will perform the work with the best effect. The proper inclination of planes cannot, however, be found without a perfect knowledge of all the circumstances attending their mode of action: such as the friction, the wear of ropes, &c. I shall, therefore, pass over these considerations at this time, and refer to them again.

RAILROAD IRON.-The following is a copy of the act for the remission of the duties on Railroad Iron: An Act to release from duty Iron prepared for, and The preceding expression of W', is composed of actually laid on, Railways or Inclined Planes. the weight of the descending carriages, and inertia of the wheel and sheeves; the former is readily sentatives of the United States of America in ConBe it enacted by the Senate and House of Repre. known, but the force required to overcome the vis gress assembled, That when it shall be satisfactorily inertice of the latter, and give them the proper velot proved to the Secretary of the Treasury, that any city, will depend much upon form of the differen-Rail Iron imported for the purpose of being applied sheeves, &c. In any system revolving round an in the construction of any Railroad or Inclined áxis, passing through the centre of gravity, the re- Plane by any State or incorporated company, has sistance which each particle opposes to a change in been actually and permanently laid on any such its angular motion, is, as the square of the distance Railroad or Inclined Plane, that then, and in that The above formula is on the supposition that the from the centre of motion. In order, therefore, to entire body rolls down the plane; but, in the case of find the force necessary to put the sheeves, &c. into Railroad Iron so laid, or if the duty shall have been case, he may allow a drawback of the duty on such wheel carriages, the wheels only roll down, while motionthe body of the carriage travels at the same rate of actually paid, he may refund the same, anything in Let Q speed as the centre of gravity, G. Let W the quantity of matter, or weight of the any act to the contrary notwithstanding; Provided, weight of the body of the carriage, from the axis of motion; and SD the distance from but such as is prepared to be laid upon Railroads or body; SR the distance of the centre of gyration, that no Iron shall be considered as Railroad Iron the axis, at which the force is applied to communi- Inclined Planes, without further manufacture. W.SR' cate motion to the sheeve; then BOSTON AND OGDENSBURG RAILROAD.-Our readers SD' will doubtless recollect that this splendid project exto be placed at the distance SD, from the centre of cited much attention and solicitude two or three motion, will represent the same resistance to angu-years ago; public expectation was greatly increased lar motion, as if the weight of each particle was in consequence of the Montpelier Convention; and multiplied into its distance from the axis. It is not yet from that moment it seems to have died away perhaps necessary to pursue the inquiry with that on the public mind like the remembrance of a pleaminuteness, as to ascertain either by experiment or sing dream. We are much gratified however to per

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ceive that the project has not been lost sight of by the invisible prompters behind the curtain. At the late session of the New Hampshire Legislature an act was passed, incorporating the "Boston and Lake Ontario Railroad Company," and it will be seen by reference to the notice in another column that application will be made to our Legislature, at its next session, for a similar act of incorporation. The whole line will then be laid open under the sanction of the laws of four different states:-Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont and New York.

Then will come the tug of war-the means of execution. On this point there is no reason for despondence. The great capitalists of Boston are awake to the importance of the enterprize, and there is good ground fer believing that, through meens of foreign and domestic capital, the road will be made from Boston to this place, within a much shorter period than many of its warm friends dare hope at (W+w ·+a+a+b+c+c') × 8 this moment. That part of the road from Boston

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the friction of the rope, sheeves, &c.
80.

SO

SG

SG

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consequently F' F+ƒ+8 + ø,

1

And, therefore, having the friction of the carria

= F F +ƒg (13)

to the New Hampshire line, via Lowel, is now in a vigorous train of execution; and our neighbors on the opposite of the Lake are forging out another bright link for the great chain, in the Port Kent and Ausable Rail-Road, fifteen miles, on the route

explored by the scientific Mr. Hayward, of Boston, who subsequently surveyed the entire route to Ogdensburgh.[Burlington Free Press.]

This applies to a body, or a system of bodies, descending an inclined plane opposed only by their own friction and inertia; but, in practice, the principal ges, and their gravitating force, the friction of the use made of this species of motive power, is in em. rope, &c. will be ploying the preponderance of a descending train of loaded carriages, to drag the returning empty car. riages up the plane. The gravitating force of the TAYLORSVILLE, Aug. 10.-We have commenced descending train of carriages, is then not only oppo- tice, it will be requisite, as before stated, that the opening the new read from Richmond to Frederickssed to their own inertia and friction, but also to the quantity of work should be done with the least cost; burg, and have opened it about five miles, and a inertia, friction, and gravity of the ascending train and this will be accomplished, when the descent of beautiful road it is. We shall commence again in a of carriages; and if, as must always be the case, the plane is such, as will perform the work required, few days, and hope by the 1st of September to he

In the application of the inclined plane to prac.

Brook Turnpike

Taylorsville

Golansville

5 3.8

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12 1-2

9 7-8

Fredericksburg, old road now travelled 24 which can be shortened at least 3 miles.

Total.

52 1-8

it opened from Golansville to the Henrico line. The horses; and the engineer and two assistants served property of so great a number of dissentient Landdistance will bethe purpose of six drivers. owners and Proprietors," the quantity of land reWe were insensible of any loss of speed at the quired for the Railway which belonged to owners curvatures, which are the greatest on this part of who dissented and to those who did not dissent be. the road; on the contrary, the huge bulk moved ing nearly equal. No evidence was adduced to imalong with regular and astonishing speed, apparent. pugn the case for the Railway; so that the failure ly unretarded either by the winding or the ascent of of the Bill must be referred exclusively to the disthe way. This speed is quite adequate to what is sent of landowners. required or desirable on the road. The delay from In consequence of this decision of the Committee The annexed account of the trial of a new Loce- the necessary stoppages will moreover be diminish a meeting was held of Members of the two Houses, ed considerably hereafter. Yesterday, for example, and other persons friendly to the measure, at which motive Engine, of American manufacture, by Messrs. ten minutes were sometimes consumed in "water- Lord Wharncliffe presided, and at which the opinDAVIS & GARTNER, of York, Pa., affords us much ing," which, by providing a proper head of water, ions appear to have been unanimous as to the nationpleasure, as we have heard it remarked that steam may easily be done in two minutes. The power of al utility of the undertaking and the probability of engines could not be used upon the Baltimore and the engine was never fully tested, steam being con- success in another session; and to these opinions stantly let off the whole way. A few days since, we attach the greater weight from the character of Ohio Railroad, without material injury to the rails, in with a heavier train, it performed the distance from the Members who delivered them. Some encourconsequence of the curves-some of which are con-town to Ellicott's Mills, 13 miles, in 54 minutes. agement of this sort is required to reconcile a very structed upon comparatively short radii. This trial The fuel is anthracite coal; less than half a ton was numerous and influential part of the public to their severe disappointment. we should think, would do away that impression; used in the accent of the 41 miles. This very successful experimental trip naturally We forbear touching on the principle which reguas it must be considered, for a first trial of a new gave great satisfaction. In the short time of five lated the decision of the Committee, from deference engine, as altogether succesful, and highly satisfac-hours fifty-two minutes, the party had travelled, with to the judgment of the Noble Chairman of this meet. tory to the Railroad Company, as well as to the out fatigue, what was equivalent to one-third of the ing; but we trust that, before the Bill is again manufacturers. We should be very much obliged journey to the Ohio, by the contemplated road, with brought into Parliament, the arguments of his Lord if the gentlemen concerned in its construction, a company of 90 persons, (145 in returning,) with ship, and the other enlightened friends of the meaa weight of 50 tons, and with a single engine; esta- sure, will have induced the Noble Lords who have would furnish us with a drawing and a description blishing the fact, that within the twenty-four hours, hitherto opposed it, to view the question in a differ. of the machine, that we may have an engraving made a merchant might travel from the mouth of the Pa- ent light. The promoters of the Bill must on no tapsco to the banks of the Ohio. How short a time account be discouraged by a first failure.-[English for this Journal. We would here observe that we should be under since such a vision of improvement would have cast Paper.] a doubt on the sanity of the prophetic seer! obligations to any gentleman who may have made, In order to show that the powers of the engine or may hereafter make improvements in Railroad remained unabated until its return to the Depot at machinery, to furnish us with drawings, and permission, if not improper, to publish them. It may promote their interest, and render our Journal more interesting.

[From the Baltimore Patriot of August 17.] "There is one great advantage in this horse; he neither eats nor sleeps, nor costs any thing in sheoing, and ambles without wings in such a manner that his rider may hold a cup full of water in his hand, without spilling a single drop, his motion is so smooth ane easy, for which reason, the fair Magaloua delight ed much in taking the air upon his back."

"I should be glad to see this same beast," replied Sancho. [Don Quixotte.]

Baltimore, we subjoin the following statement of
the rate at which it travelled from the Mills to

town.

From Depot Ellicott's Mills to Mile post
No. 13 was run in
From 1st mile post to 2d

2d

Min. Sec.

30

to 3d

5 15 4 37

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do

4 40
4 20

[blocks in formation]

SCHENECTADY, August 16. To the Editor of the Albany Evening Journal: Sir-I observed in the Journal of this evening a statement, "that a small boy was ran over, and instantly killed, this morning, by the Railroad Locomotive Engine." The statement is entirely without foundation; and I am unable to discover the motive which induced your informant to make it. No ac. cident has occurred to give the least ground for the report. Respectfully, your obedient servant.

JOHN B. JERVIS, Engineer M. & H. R. R. Co.

Canal Breach.-A breach occurred in the canal. at Utica, on Saturday night, by reason of heavy rain. It will probably take ten days to repair it.

THE CHOLERA.

Friday, August 17.-The new cases to-day are, in the city at large, 28, and 11 deaths; in the Hospitals, 25 cases, 8 deaths; at Yorkville, 9 cases, 1 death; at Bellevue, 1 case, 1 death.

BROOKLYN, Aug. 16.-Number of new cases not ascertained; deaths 4.

FLATBUSH.-The disease in this village has been uncommonly malignant: there have been about 12 deaths, chiefly colored persons. On the 16th 3 deaths were reported.

YONKERS, West Chester.-From July 22d to Aug. 6th, there wero 9 cases and 5 deaths. No new cases since the 6th.

A horse which the discerning Sancho would have (17 1-2 m. hour) Gadsby's run embankment 3 25 pronounced of the same merit and mettle as the fa mous" Wooden Peg the Winged," having been constructed by those ingenious magicians, Messrs. Davis & Gartner, of York, Penn., a trial was made yesterday of his speed and bottom, which resulted very much in favor of his pedigree. With a train of six passenger cars, conveying about 90 passengers, he left the Pratt street depot at four minutes past six in the morning, and conveyed his burthen, a fair portion of which consisted of ladies, in a very gallant Time of arrival 3 31 10 style to Ellicott's Mills, in one hour precisely. The Starting party having breakfasted here, proceeded to the foot of the Inclined Plane, No. 1, a distance of forty-one miles from the depot, which was accomplished by 28 minutes past ten o'clock, the actual time of tra. vel, exclusive of stoppages, being three hours and ten minutes, which is at the rate of nearly 13 miles the hour. At the foot of the inclined plane, all the between five and six weeks since this road was POUGHKEEPSIE, August 14.--No new cases, no passenger cars from Frederick, except ono, were opened, and though, owing to the cholera, there has deaths. The whole number reported since the comadded to the returning train, which started at oight been a general suspension of travel in the country, mencoment, 152 cases, 97 deaths. minutes past twelve; and the first 15 miles of the re- and not more than an eighth or tenth the usual turn were accomplished in an hour. Ten miles and number of summer visitants at the Springs, still the from New-York, died at that place on Tuesday, the HONESDALE, (N., Y.)-John Talmadge, recently a half were done in forty minutes. At twenty-three receipts on the road liave much exceeded what was 14th inst. minutes past three P. M. the cars reached the Pratt anticipated when it commenced running. They street depot, where they were detached from the lo- have thus far exceeded 75 dollars per day, and were HYDE PARK. Two cases reported on the 12th, at comotive, in order to be brought into town by hors- more than $600 last week. This of itself is suff. the lower part of the village; one dead, one conva. es. The actual time consumed in returning (the cient to show that the estimates of income hereto.lescent. On the 13th, 1 case and 1 death. stoppages amounting to fifteen minutes) was precise. fore made have not been exaggerated; for if out of ALBANY, Aug. 16.-Now cases 8, deaths 3. ly taree hours, a little more than 13 miles the hour. an eighth or tenth of the usual business, and the CANAJOHARIE-A Canal boat passed through this We have subjoined more particularly the times in northern travel almost wholly cut off, such an in-place, says the Canajoharie Telegraph, on the 5th which various distances were accomplished. It must come is received, it seems to be placed beyond all instant, having on board a great number of German be recollected that the elevation overcome in the 41 doubt, that with a healthy season, a return of busi- and French emigrants. Three death had occurred miles to the foot of the inclined plane was 567 feet, ness and of travel, the receipts will be very heavy. on board, one of small pox and two of cholera. The the actal height of that point above tide being 633 If the present, indeed, may be considered an index, captain and hands belonging to the boat bad taken feet. From the mouth of Gillis' Falls to the foot of and the travel should be at the same ratio when we the horses and left the passengers, who have made the plane, a distance of four miles, the elevation va- have an ordinary season, the receipts would not be arrangements to prosecute their way to Buffalo. ries from 32 to 57 feet the mile; yet this part of the less than four to five hundred dollars a day during road was ascended in 18 minutes, or at the rate of the months of July and August, and would be very port 9 new cases and 1 death. On the 13th, 10 casen ROCHESTER, Aug. 12.-The Board of Health re13 miles an hour; the engine not using all its power, handsome during the spring and autumn; and this, and no deaths. but throwing off redundant steamn a great portion of too, without taking into account the freight which the time. The whole time lost in stoppages in as will be conveyed. We have seen enough to satisfy BUFFALO, Aug. 10.-New cases 5, deaths 4, withcending and returning, was three hours twenty seven us that this road will prove one of the most lucra in the last 24 hours. On the 8th, new cases 4, deaths minutes; so that the 82 miles were accomplished in tive investments in the State. 0. On the 9th, new cases 2, deaths 3. the actual time of five hours fifty-two minutes. NEWARK, Aug. 14.-1 case. On the 15th, 5 cases

This satisfactory trial, we presume, will induce The London and Birmingham Railway Bill was and 1 death. On the 16th, 4 cases and 1 death. the company forthwith to apply steam power on the lost in the House of Lords on Tuesday last, by the NEW-BRUNSWICK.-From the 7th to the 14th, 100 road for the transportation of both passengers and Committee dividing on the question whether "such cases and 18 deaths in private practice, and in the burthens. The engine, on this trip, performed what a case had been made out as would warrant the forc- hospital 7 cases and 4 deaths. Total 107 canes and ordinarily requires the labor of 52 of the company's ing of the proposed Railway through the lands and 22 deaths.

deaths 30.

PHILADELPHIA, Aug. 16, noon.-New cases 94, expectations, the cholera has attacked those persons,
who were to possess correct habits, and who moved
in the first sphere in society; but now the cholera
begins to attack the dissipated and the filthy."
OGDENSBURH, Aug. 14.-New cases the preceding
week 16, deaths 4.
PRINCETON, Aug. 18.-Since last report, new cases
8, deaths 2.

CITY OF BOSTON, Aug. 15, 1832.—9 o'clock, P. M.
-Having been informed that a person residing in
South-street Place has died of the Spasmodic Chole-
ra this afternoon, and from the lateness of the hour
it not being convenient to assemble the Board of
Health Commissioners, I have deemed it expedient
to give this public notice of the event.
CHARLES WELLS, Mayor.

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TRENTON, Aug. 18.--Since last report, new cases
0, dearhs 3. Hospital cases from commencement,
24, of which 16 have died, and 8 recovered.

PHILADELPHIA, August 18, noon.-Now cases 74,
deaths 18.
WILMINGTON, (Del.) Aug. 15.-New cases 8, deaths
1; on the 16th, new cases 4, deaths 2.
NORFOLK.-13th, 31 new cases, deaths 14.
the deaths only 11 wore whites.

PHILADELPHIA, August 21.-51 cases, 9 deaths. READING, Aug. 17.-New cases 4, deaths 4. POTTSVILLE, Ang. 17.—In all, 7 cases and 3 deaths, SALISBURY, (Pa.) August 11.-1 new case and 1 death.

deaths 1. On the 16th, row cases 4, deaths 2. WILMINGTON, (Dol.) August 15.-New cases 8, WASHINGTON CITY, Aug. 14.--One caso—daad. SANDUSKY, (Ohio) Aug. 7-Five new cases the precoding week-two fatal, both intemperate. A letter of the 8th states that Gen. Crawford was very ill with the disease.

Thursday, Aug. 23.-The new cases in the city at Of Hospitals, 36 cases, 7 deaths; and at Yorkville, 2 large, to-day, are 31, and 16 deaths; at the City cases, 1 death; Bellevue, 3 cases, 3 deaths.

To

SING-SING, Aug.17.--New cases 1, deaths 0.
IN PORTSMOUTH the disease is rapidly abating.
Of these and
POUGHKEEPSIE, Aug. 15.-In the village, new cases tal new cases in the last 72 hours 18.

4, deaths 4. On the 16th, new cases 5, deaths 5. On previous cases there have died in the same period
the 17th, new cases 3, deaths 1. In the County only eight.
Poorhouse, 1 new case. Total cases from the com-
mencement, 104; deaths 73.

ATHENS, (Greeno Co.)-From the 3d to the 14th,

there have been 7 cases and 6 deaths.

ALBANY, Aug. 17, 12 M.-Now cases 22, deaths 5. TROY, Aug. 14.-Deaths 3. Aug. 15, deaths 1. Aug. 16, deaths 3.

ATHENS, (Greene Co.) Whole number of cases up to 21st inst. 12, deaths 10.

POUGHKEEPSIE, Aug. 22.-The Dutchess RepubliST. LOUIS, Aug. 12.-The St. Louis (Missouri) 18 cases and 12 deaths reported in private practice, can says, since our last publication, there have been Free Press states that the cholera is raging in that and 3 new cases and 6 deaths at the poorhouse, in city, and that a great many fatal cases had occurred. which 3 remained under treatment. Total cases in the poorhouse 106, deaths 77. Tuesday, Aug. 21.-New cases in the city at large 24, deaths 8; at the City Hospitals, 20 cases, 6 deaths.

WHITEHALL. From the 2d to the 9th August, BROOKLYN, Aug. 20.-The physicians have made 1 death in the village, and 2 of persons belonging no report this day. Interments the last 24 hours 11; to it; one five miles south of it, the other at Shore-cholera 6. ham, Vt.

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BUFFALO, Aug. 11.-Now cases 3, deaths 3. PROVIDENCE, August 15.—One' new case, a black man-convalescent.

PHILADELPHIA, August 17, noon-New cases 90,

deaths 26.

ALBANY, Aug. 20.-Now cases 12, deaths 10.
MANLIUS. Two cases, 1 dead.

ALBANY, Aug. 22, 12 M.--New cases 23, deaths 8. SCHENECTADY, Aug. 18.-New cases 4, deaths 2. BUFFALO, Aug. 18.-One new case and one death. DETROIT, Aug. 8.-A letter states that the cholera, had re-appeared there: for the last two days there were 4 or 5 deaths.

MONTREAL, Aug. 14.-New cases, including hos pital 7, deaths 16. On the 15th, new cases 5, deaths 13. On the 16th, new cases 12, deaths 11. On the 17th, new cases 11, deaths 13.

NEWARK, Aug. 21.-New cases 3, deaths 1. AQUACKANÓNK.-On the 11th, 2 cases. On the 14th, 1 case and 1 death.

ROCHESTER, Aug. 15.-New cases 26, deaths 11; the greatest number since the disease commenced. Aug. 16.-New cases 15, deaths 4. Aug. 17.-New cases 22, deaths 6. BUFFALO, Aug. 13.-Now cases 3, deaths 5. NEWARK, Aug. 17.—New cases 2, deaths 1. PATERSON, (N. J.)-Total number of cases which PHILADELPHIA, Aug. 20.-New cases 54, deaths 18. occurred in Paterson and Manchester, (the adjoining NORFOLK, Aug. 16.-The Board of Health have village) up to 20th inst. amounted to 34, deaths 14. resolved in future to report only the daily interments without designating the diseases. The interments there were 10 cases and 6 deaths. No case known ELIZABETHTOWN, Aug. 21.-During the last week reported on the 14th were 22; on the 15th, 19; and since that of Miss De Hart, on Saturday. on the 16th, 26. Total in 3 days, 67. Of this num. ber only 18 were whites.

PORTSMOUTH, Aug. 15.-In the last two days, now cases 17, deaths 9.

2

2

SUFFOLK, Aug.14.--Several cases, and a few deaths. ELIZABETH CITY, (N. C.) Aug. 15.-In all 3 cases, WILMINGTON, (Del.)-On the 13th, the Medical deaths, and one recovering-all colored. The Board reported seven new cases of cholera, with who died were man and wife, very dissipated. Capt. two deaths; two of the cases having occurred in Folk, of the schr. Cyane, was attacked this mornBrandywine village. Two patients have died since. ing, and is very ill.

Sunday, Aug. 19.-The new cases to-day are, in Wednesday, Aug. 22.—The new cases to-day are the city at large, 28, and 9, deaths; in the Hospi. in the city at large, 28, deaths 15;, at the City Hos. tals, 28 cases, 9 deaths; at Bellevue, 1 case, 0 death. pitals, 18 cases, 5 deaths; at Bellevue, 2 cases, 2

Monday, Aug. 20.—In the city at large, new cases 28, deaths 9; City Hospitals, cases 27, deaths 9.

We learn that four seamen from the U. S. ship Fairfield, passengers by the packet schr. Portsmouth, which arrived on Wednesday from Norfolk, died on the passage. Capt. Henry Heliker, the master of the Portsmouth, a worthy and respectable man, died in this city on Saturday of cholera.-[Mercantile.]

BROOKLYN, Aug. 18.-New cases 4, deaths 0.
Aug. 19.-New cases 10, deaths 7.
SING-SING PRISON.-Total number of cases from
commencement 281, deaths 89.

ALBÁNY, Aug. 17.--New cases 12, deaths 5.
Aug 18.-New cases 26, deaths 14.
GREENBUSH, Aug. 16.-New cases 3, deaths.
ROCHESTER, Aug. 15.-New cases 26, deaths 11.
BUFFALO, Aug. 13.-New cases 3, deaths 5.
SCHOHARJE.-There have been in this village with.
in a few days, 6 cases and 4 deaths.

FREDONIA. Since the last report, new cases

deaths 3.

6,

SACKETT'S HARBOR, Aug. 14.—One fatal case on the 7th; no new cases since. The village healthy as usual.

deaths.

BROOKLYN, Aug. 21.-New cases 9, deaths 1.
SING-SING, August 21.-New cases 4, deaths 2.
HAVERSTRAW, Aug. 20.--Whole number of cases
since the 12th 7, deaths 2.

ALBANY, Aug. 21.--New cases 17, deaths 5.
last four days ending this day, 4.
TROY, Aug. 20.-Deaths from Cholera for the

UTICA, Aug. 18.-New cases 34, deaths 9.
LOCKPORT, Aug. 15.-New cases 2, deaths 2.
BATAVIA, Aug. 16.-Now cases 1, deaths 1.
PORTLAND, August 13.-Two cases occurred on

NEW-BRUNSWICK, Aug. 21.-For the week past, 6 cases and 6 deaths.

PHILADELPHIA, August 22.-49 cases, 9 deaths. BALTIMORE, Aug. 20.-During the past week, 54 have died of cholera; of which 25 were blacks.

RICHMOND, (Va.)--One doubtful case.

BERMUDA. We have seen a letter written by a gentleman who left Bermuda on the 26th ult. who denies that the cholera has appeared there, and states that the Island was remarkably healthy. The report brought here by the Queen of the Isles, from Turks Island, is therefore without foundation.~[Merc.]

THE TOWN seems to be slowly returning to its ancient aspect of busy cheerfulness; and though, to one returning after an absence of some weeks, it must still wear a gloomy aspect, yet to those who have remained, it is lately much improved for the better. Wall-street already wears a inore animated appearance, and Broadway seems faintly struggling into life. But the Battery is the most lively, and thronged as it is of an afternoon with well-dressed people, is gayer now than earlier in the season. Still, the distress among that class upon whom the burthon of the dreadful visitation has principally

board the brig Harvest, from New-York, Captain fallen, continues to a lamentable extent. So many
Drinkwater, of this port, at quarantine in this har. of the poorer sort have been thrown out of employ
bor-one a white man, dead-the other a black, in aby the desertion of the eity, that numbers of the
state of collapse.
industrious and deserving are driven to the necessity
NEW-LONDON, (Con.) Aug. 21.-We are sorry to of asking a meal from passengers in the streets;
learn by passengers who arrived in yesterday's [21st and one continually meets with that rarest object of
inst.] steamboat, that some 8 or 10 cases of Cholera,

(or as the New London Doctors call the disease, compassion, an American beggar. This melancholy
spotted fever) have occurred in that place within the state of things, however, cannot continue long. The
last few days.-[Mercantile.]
return of thousands of our citizens to their wonted
On the 20th, 15 new cases and 3 deaths.
NEWARK. On the 18th, 15 cases and 7 deaths. avocations, has already found employment for many

of these unfortunates: and when the invitation of the Board of Health for people to return to their homes, which we republish to-day, shall have been CAMDEN, (N. J.)-3 cases and 2 deaths. disseminated through the country, we can reasonaFRANKFORT, (Pa.). August 18.--New cases 6, bly hope for a brighter state of things for all

RAHWAY, Aug. 20.--During the preceding week, 6 cases and 2 deaths have been reported-3 of them

were blacks.

UTICA, Aug. 16, 1 P. M.-From Monday 13th to 16th, there were 23 cases and 14 deaths. A letter of the 16th, 4 P. M. states that "the utmost consternation prevails; families are removing, stores closing, and business at a stand. Contrary to all deaths 2.

classes.

NEW-YORK AMERICAN. AUGUST 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24-1832.

LITERARY NOTICES.

---

with all the apparatus which belong to those estab. Genesis having, as our readers may recollect, aplishments in eastern countries. These places, as the peared some months ago. The design, as is suffi. ́ inhabitants bathed every day, were well frequented,

OBSERVATIONS ON THE EPIDEMIC NOW PREVAILING IN

and the attendants accustomed to the business from ciently explained indeed by the title, is to aid in their childhood exceedingly skilful in the perform-imparting an accurate knowledge of the Bible, in THE LIVES OF CELEBRATED TRAVELLERS; by J. A.ance of their duties. A trait which marks the vo- its history, its purpose, and application. Each chap. St. John: 3 vols. 12mo. Harpers, New-York. luptuous temperament of the Chinese occurs in the ter is examined separately, and, after a detailed 'These volumes constitute Nos. XXXVIII, XXXIX, account of this city. An incredible number of courexplanation of its injunctions, or narratives, a series and XL of Harpers' edition of the Family Library, tesans, splendidly attired, perfumed, and living with a large establishment of servants in spacious and of "practical reflections" is deduced therefrom. It and furnish very pleasant and varied reading. There magnificent houses, were found at Kinsai; and, like is a laborious and learned work. is, indeed, a little too much of Mr. St. John himself—their sisters in ancient Greece, were skilled in all a little too much of the first person, and sometimes those arts which captivate and enslave enervated a lack of interest, as well as of due connexion in the minds. The tradesmen possessed great wealth, and THE CITY OF NEW-YORK, CALLED THE ASIATIC, OR appeared in their shops sumptuously dressed in silks, SPASMODIC CHOLERA; WITH ADvice to the PLANTERS extracts from, and necessarily rapid views of, the in addition to which their wives adorned themselves oF THE SOUTH, FOR THE MEDICAL TREATMENT OF THEIR Travels of those who pass under his review; but it with costly jewels. Their houses were well built, SLAVES. By Christopher C. Yates, M. D. Newis still a pleasant work. It records the names and and contained pictures and other ornaments of imenterprize of some, of whom our readers know little; ble for their integrity, and great suavity and deco. work on Cholera, which we find on our table; but mense value. In their dealings they were remarka-York, Geo. P. Scott & Co.-Such is the title of a and introduces them familiarly to others, whom they ram appeared in their manners. Notwithstanding inasmuch as we have long since determined to read have known. Among the first is Marco Polo, from the gentleness of their dispositions, however, their no more about that disease, at least for the present, whose narrative we extract a notice of China, as he hatred of their Mongol conquerors, who had deprisaw it in the 13th century, and under circumstances ved them of their independence and the more con- we can do no more than announce this publication genial rule of their native princes, was not to be by its title. more favorable than Europeans have ever since seen disguised. We conclude to-day with some extracts from an that singular country. All the streets were paved with stone, while the article in the July number of Blackwood. It is The capital of Southern China, called Quinsai, or contre was macadamized, a mark of civilization not written on "Griffin's Remains," and speaks of that Kinsai, by Marco Polo, a name signifying the "* Ce- yet to be found in Paris, or many other European lestial City," was a place of prodigious magnitude, capitals, any more than the cleanliness which ac. gifted young man, of the volumes published by his boing, according to the reports of the Chinese, not companied it. Hackney coaches with silk cushions, brother, and of the admirable biography which ac les than one hundred miles in circumference. This public gardens, and shady walks were among the companies them, as warmly and as justly as fervid rough estimate of the extent of Kinsai, though be- luxuries of the people of Kinsai; while, as Mr. Kerr and fond affection could desire. But it is not for yond doubt considerably exaggerated, is after all not very sensibly romarks, the delights of European

so very incredible as may at first appear. Within capitals were processions of monks among perpetual this that we refer to the article, but for the general this circumference, if the place was constructed after dunghills in narrow crooked lanes. Still, in the sentiments which pervade it-expressed in a quaint, the usual fashion of a Chinese city, would be includ-midst of all this wealth and luxury, poverty and tre-spirited, and very frank strain, as to the antipathies ed parks and gardens of immense extent, vast open mendous suffering existed, compelling parents to sell and prejudices which subsist, or are imagined to spaces for the evolutions of the troops, besides the their children, and when no buyers appeared, to ex

ten market-places, each two miles in circumference, pose them to death. Twenty thousand infants thus subsist, between England and America. There are mentioned by Marco Polo, and many other large deserted were annually snatched from destruction by expressions and opinions in the annexed, which spaces not covered with houses. By these means the Emperor Fanfur, and maintained and educated many of our readers will little admire or assent to, Kinsai might have been nearly one hundred miles in until they could provide for themselves. but there is much truth and justness of thinking ; circuit, without approaching London in riches or Marco Polo's opportunities for studying the cus and therefore, long as it is, we venture upon it. population. That modern travellers have found no toms and manners of this part of the empire were trace of such amazing extent in Hang-chen, Kua-such as no other European has ever enjoyed, as, GRIFFIN'S REMAINS.-All nations, great and small, hing, or whatever city they determine Kinsai to through the peculiar affection of the Great Khan, having any distinctive character of their own, may have been, by no means invalidates the assertion of he was appointed governor of one of its principal be said to hate one another, not with a deadly but a Marco Polo; for considering the revolutions which cities, and exercised this authority during three lively hatred. Love of country is inseparable from China has undergone, and the perishable materials years. Yet, strange to say, he makes no mention individual pride; and the dearer she is to her chilof the ordinary dwellings of its inhabitants, we may of tea, and alludes only once, and that but slightly, dren, the more haughtily do they admire their molook upon the space of nearly six hundred years as to the mauufacture of porcelain. These omissions, ther. Slight or scoru, shown to her by any alien, more than sufficient to have changed the site of Kin- however, are in all probability not to be attributed is felt to be a personal insult to themselves; and sai into a desert. Were the seat of government to to him, but to the heedlessness or ignorance of tran. she, again, regards overy demonstration of such be removed from Calcutta to Agra or Delhi, the re-scribers and copyists, who, not knowing what to feelings towards the least of her offspring, as disvolution of one century would reduce that "City of make of the terms, boldly omitted them. The most respectful or contemptuous of herself, and will vinPalaces" to a miserable village, or wholly bury it remarkable manufacture of porcelain in his time ap- dicate her native worth by vengeance on all offend. in the pestilential bog from which its sumptuous pears to have been at a city which he calls Trinqui, ers. Thus it is that all communities, the mere but perishable edifices originally rese like an exha- situated on one branch of the river which flowed to firmly they are bound together, are the more “jøalation. Zaitum, supposed to be the modern Canton. Here lous and quick in honor;" the amor patriæ, because

I will suppose, therefore, in spite of geographical he was informed a certain kind of earth or clay was sacred, is exclusive; and no good son of the state skepticism, that Kinsai fell very far short of the thrown up into vast conical heaps, where it remain. can be a citizen of the world. magnitude which the Chinese, not Marco Polo, at- ed exposed to the action of the atmosphere for thirty Every people should have their own specific and tributed to it. The city was nearly surrounded by or forty years, after which, refined, as he says, by peculiar character; and so they will have, if they water, having on one side a great river, and on the time, it was manufactured into dishes, which were have any government deserving the name, and any other side a lake, while innumerable canals, inter-painted and baked in furnaces. institutions. These naturally mould each other; secting it in all directions, rendered the very streets and when hardened by time, blows, that would once navigable, as it were, like those of Venice, and floated THE CABINET OF NATURAL HISTORY, AND AMERICAN have broken both, rebound from them with a cheeraway all filth into the channel of the river. Twelve RURAL SPORTS, No. III. and IV. of Vol. II. Phila. ful din, like hammering from the anvil. The once thousand bridges, great and small, were thrown over delphia, J. Doughty: New-York, Wm. Stodart.soft clay has been indurated into adamant; and firm those canals, beneath which barks, boats and barges, then the finest workmanship on the Corinthian cabearing a numerous aquatic population, continually This spirited, and generally speaking, well executed, pitals of the social structure as the plainest on its passed to and fro; while horsemen dashed along, publication, will, we hope, be found to remunerate pediments. and chariots rolled from street to street, above.-its undertakers. So far, then, from deprecating national jealousies, Three days in every week, the peasantry from all the No. III. furnishes an engraving of the fine pic-been anxious to contribute the little that lay in our dislikes, animosities, and hatreds, we have always country round poured into the city, to the number of forty or fifty thousand, bringing in the productions ture by Reinagle, of "breaking cover." It is a most power to their successful cultivation. Heaven foreof the earth, with cattle, fowls, game, and every spirited composition, and the landscape is scarcely fend that we should ever be so lost to all sense of species of provision necessary for the subsistence less striking than the animals in the foreground. The duty as good citizens and good Christians, as to seek of so mighty a population. Though provisions were American engraver has, we think, been less successto smooth down and wear away those peculiar aspeso cheap, however, that two geese, or four ducks, might be purchased for a Venetian groat, the poer ful with the latter than with the sky and landscape. tional and individual independence, and entitle ties which are among the strongest safeguards of were reduced to so miserable a state of wretched There is also a colored lithograph of the Blue Jay, communities to rejoice each in the nature as well as ness that they gladly devoured the flesh of the most very faithfully executed, and of the ruby-colored the name of a separate people! We leave that vain unclean animals, and every species of disgusting Wren. No. IV. has two colored lithographs,—one task to your slobbering cosmopolites. They foolishly offal. The markets were supplied with an abundance of most kinds of fruit, among which a pear of pecu. of the Racoon, the other of the American Red Start, ing natural enemies; the idiots absolutely going the tell us that it is unphilosophical to talk of nations beliar fragrance, and white and gold peaches, were the and the Yellow Throat. length of denying that the English and French are most exquisite. Raisins and wine were imported In both these numbers, the historical and descrip. so, knowing all the while that they eat frogs, and we from other provinces; but from the ocean, which tive parts are well selected and instructive. It is eat oxen. But besides that sufficient reason, there was no more than twenty-five miles distant, so great

a profusion of fish was brought, that, at first sight, altogether a very attractive publication.

it seemed as if it could never be consumed, though

it all disappeared in a few hours.

QUESTIONS AND NOTES, CRITICAL AND PRACTICAL, Around the immense market-places were the shops UPON THE BOOK OF EXODUS; by George Bush. New. of the jewellers and spice-merchants; and in the ad. York, J. P. Haven.-This is the second in the series

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are many others subordinate, of which we need now
mention but one-we are Islanders. Ships-colo-
nies-and commerce! What countless multitudes
of causes for our hating all continental nations are
crowded into these three omnipotent words!
But while it is thus obviously the duty of all states

Joining streets were numerous hot and cold baths, of works which Mr. Bush contemplates; the first on to hate, it is no less their duty to love, one another;

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