Canals. sirable and all important properties, Railroads are at, while living, as a visionary, and sunk into the gines are dangerous; steamboats are eminently danysimmeasurably superior to Canals, which cannot for grave poor and broken hearted. The nineteenth gerous; ships are dangerous; many kinds of machi. bea moment be compared to them in these respects. century may yet render to the memory of the inven-nery, manufactures, trades, and occupations, are tor of the locomotive engine-OLIVER EVANS of dangerous; some of them occasion sudden death, or 3d. Rapidity of Transportation on Railroads and Pennsylvania-the tardy homage of their gratitude: lingering and fatal diseases: but the danger attendto the man whose far sighted sagacity foresaw and ing them does not preclude their use. Canals are In a previous part of this chapter reasons have predicted, and whose mechanical intellect effected, also fatal to human life; boatmen and others often been given for the purpose of proving that it is im- the triumph of the Railroad system. find in them a watery grave; they are also crushed practicable to draw boats on canals with a greater The important consequences of rapid traveling, to when passing the locks, or beneath the low bridges. velocity than two or three miles per hour, even those who are in pursuit of business or pleasure, have From these causes, alone, more lives have been lost when no locks are to be encountered. By incur. been already mentioned-the facility of a frequent on the New York Canal in one month than on all ring a great expense, it is indeed possible to exceed and expeditious intercourse among friends and rela. the Railroads in the United States during six years. this rate to a very limited extent only; but, with tives, merchants, manufacturers and farmers-espo- The Paddington Canal, London, has been called few unimportant exceptions, the rate just mention cially in cases of urgency-the conveyance of the" the suicide's assistant." ed is the utmost which it is expedient to adopt. If mail, of troops and munitions of war, in case of The damp atmosphere, hovering over Canals and the locks be numerous-particularly if they are near invasion or insurrection, &e. Again, many arti. their vicinity, is eminently prejudicial to health; to each other, (and it is sometimes difficult, and even cles will acquire a new value; provisions, which are the deadly miasma which is also generated by them, impossible, to avoid this contiguity,) or if narrow incapable of long preservation-meat, poultry, fish, affects the whole neighborhood; rheumatism, colds, tunnels or aqueducts form part of the line, the time oysters, milk, butter, eggs, vegetables, &c., may be remittent and intermittent fevers, are the almost inconsumed in passing them will occasion a great re- brought from an immense distance for consumption. variable concomitants of their almost stagnant wahave wasted by boatmen, on the Sch kill and dude can be forwarded to suit the emergencies of ters, and the lands which receive the water from commerce. The port which has access to the in. their numerous leaks. In our climate, Canals are other Canals, waiting for their turn to pass the terior by a Railroad may take time by the forelock, pestilential, and disease and death their never faillocks; and, on some occasions, on the Union Canal, and her merchants may dutt themooloos of the ing drawhacks. It is idle to defend Railroads against and on the Erie and Hudson Canals, whole days stant fluctuations, the rapid changes in the markets, the charge of danger, when the history and theory have been lost when the Canal was crowded. Last foreign and domestic. They may hold intercourse of Canals exhibit such alarming facts. spring the Editor was detained two days at one lock with the immense regions of the interior at the Goods when conveyed on Railroads are not exon the Maryland Canal from this cause. On several most favorable moment, when the rivers and high-posed to injury from leaks, nor from the moist air of the Canals in the United States, double locks have ways are in the best condition-when their snail. which injure some articles when carried on Canals. been constructed, and others are in the progress, to pace rivals, en Canals, cannot even creep in sight In France, the charcoal which is used by the furdiminish this evil. The expense of such additions of the districts where the harvest may have been naces is often injured by this cause. Lime is also has already been adverted to. already reaped. Again, their capital can be more deteriorated. When broad pools or rivers, form part On Railroads, even when horses are used, and the frequently circulated from the frequency of their of a chain of irland navigation, boats are sometimes rate of travelling is only two or three miles an hour, receipts and expenditures; consequently, a less exposed to danger from the roughness or occasional a much greater progress can be made in a given amount of capital will be requisite. time. No delay at the inclined planes takes place when they are judiciously located and provided with machinery of the requisite power. On all descents an acceleration in lieu of a retardation is the result. The safety of persons travelling on Railroads has Moreover, when the change in the level is effected been supposed to be precarious, and lists of alby an inclined plane, distance is passed over at the leged accidents have been published by interested or 5th. Relative convenience of Railroads and Canals. same time-on Canals the locks permit no additional uninformed alarmists; some of these lists have been This part of the subject has already been incidenprogress. Locomotive engines, on Railways, now compared by the editor, with official and other au- tally discussed in the previous pages. A few genetravel at a rate which almost realizes the lover's thentic reports, with a view of testing their accuracy.ral references will conclude this chapter, which has dream-the annihilation of space and time. Riding It is needless to mention that the grossest exaggera- been extended to a length which was not anticipated. on the wings of the wind is a dilatory process, com- tion, and most unfounded statements, have been in- Railroads are, generally, preferable to canals for pared to the more than hurricane speed which has dustriously circulated respecting the number of the following reasons: 4th. Safety of Transportation on Railroads and rapidity of the water; boats have been carried over the dams in the Susquehanna and Schuylkill navigations, and they are sometimes compelled to stop until a more favorable state of the water will permit an easy and safe progress. been already attained on several Railroads., The deaths which have occurred on the Manchester and 1. They are practicable in every situation where fleetest of the animal creation has beestanced by Liverpool Railroad. A careful inquiry has estab. the wants of the community may require them.the iron limbs of a race horse, whose fery spirit ne-lished the fact, that only three lives have been lost Canals are frequently impracticable, either from a var flage, whose muscles never tire, who, in a sin- since the opening of this road in the year 1829. 1. deficiency of water, or from physical obstacles gle month, can travel over a space equal to the cir- Mr. Huskisson, who was lame, and bewildered by which would render the expense enormous. cumference of the great globe which we inhabit; a an attack of illness, was run over by the Rocket. 2. 2. The cost of constructing, maintaining, and recourser which, moreover, can draw, when required, A laborer, who was intoxicated, thrust his legs be- pairing Railroads is generally less than the cost of 1000 persons in its train, with a speed which even tween the wheels of the wagon on which he was canals. the philosophers of the age but yesterday pronoun- riding, and suffered the penalty of amputation for 3. Railroads are (almost without exception) less ced as the dream of the visionary. his brutal stupidity. 3. A countryman, impatient circuitous than canals. On the Manchester and Liverpool Railroad a ve- to enter a house on the road side, leaped from a 4. The cost of transportation is less on Railroads locity of a mile per minute has been maintained for wagon when it was in rapid motion, and the result than on canals. several miles. The whole distance has been travers- of his folly was death: these accidents might have 5. The transportation of goods and of passengers ed at the average rate of a mile in two minutes: and equally happened on a common road. More than can be effected with a much greater speed on Railthe usual average of the traveling exceeds 20 miles 600,000 passengers have been whirled along this roads than on canals. per hour. Moreover, the road is not level, and in road without a single fatal accident since the com. 6. Railroads can be used during all seasons; they one place ascends for 11.2 mile at the rate of 55 mencement. On the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad are not rendered useless by the frosts of winter or feet per m le. On a level, or on a descending line, no accident has occurred, although 140,000 persons the droughts of summer. the speed would be greater; The citizens of Liver- have travelled on it. An unfortunate cow (accord. 7. Railroads are more easily kept in repair, and, pool and Manchester are now, in fact, nearer neighing to the inveterate habits of these animals) cross. when injured, do not necessarily stop the trade on bors than the citizens of the cast and west of Lon-ed the road when a train was passing, and perished the line: their repairs can be speedily and cheaply don! The consequent saving of the most valua- in the attempt to arrest the progress of the car. The effected within a certain period of time; conseble of all earthly possessions-time-is equivalent melancholy fate of this proto-martyr of the oppo- quently the transportation on them will be regular, to a new lease of life-a prolongation of the usual sition, excited great commiseration among some of and without unforeseen and vexatious embarrassterm of human existence. Mankind will no longer the Canal advocates, who bewailed her untimely end ment and loss, and the consumer and producer will be stationary engines; hereafter an immense popula- in many a newspaper article. On the South Caro- not at any time be deprived of a market. tion will be constantly in a state of locomotion, en- lina Railroad a negro placed himself on the top of 8. The tolls on Railroads may be less than on larging their understandings, acquiring health, in- the safety valve of a locomotive engine during the canals. creasing their comforts, extending their intercourse, absence of the engineer; it proved no seat of safe. 9. Railroads do not injure the health of the dis. and improving their commerce; new desires will be ty to him, and, resenting the indignity, blew poor tricts through which they pass; canals occasion created, now wants supplied, new sources of indus. Sambo sky.high. wide-spread disease and mortality. If time ba money We has at last Deer try will he created, and new resources be dared as indie frend the means of preventing acci-ments; a great augmentation of their value has discovered-although the discoverer, to whoso geni- dents, were described: although these accidents already been produced by recent meliorations: now as the world is indebted to the treasure, was scoffed are few in number, they may be rendered still less modifications and applications are almost daily dis. frequent. If, however, the danger were greater covered, and others may be anticipated, increasing If the application of a force of 100 lbs. be suffi-than experience has shown to exist, it would be an their utility, diminishing their expense, rendering oient to draw a given load on a Railroad with a ve- untenable argument against the use of Railroads, them more durable, safe, and convenient. Canals, locity of two miles per hour, the same force can which in other respects are so beneficial. Steam en- on the contrary, have been almost stationary for nearly two centuries, and, from their nature, seem draw it at the rate of four, eight, ten, or any other number of miles; for the friction offers the same re *Some persons have supposed that accidents to be incapable of any material improvement. 11. Railroads do not injure land by leakage nor sistance at all velocities. But the power requisite would be frequent oa Railroads when the speed will always be in proportion to the velocity; twice would be 20 or more niles per hour. They cannot do they divert water courses from their acoustomed the velocity will require twice the power, &c.; if be compared with can als, with justice, in this re. channels, and thereby interfere with mills, meathe force be, for instance, a weight, descending spect; inasmuch as such speed is impracticable on dows, and land. vertically into a well, the force (or pressure of that canals. At equal rates speed it is not pretended 12. Railroads do not present inconvenient and weight) will be uniform, whether it descends at the by any person that Railroads are more dangerous. impassable barriers, whereby farms and streets are rate of two or four miles per hour; but, at the + Only one life has been lost, even in the con-separated. neds latter rate, twice the power is expended in a given struction of this work: a wor driver was run over, and died in consequence of the injury, time. Railroads are, therefore, more convenient and better adapted to the wants and means of the com munity than canals; although, in some few cases, night air; also, suppers, green fruits and other Guilderland, 3 miles from the city. He had not (which may be considered as exceptions to the ge- crudities. been in town and is not known to have had any Eeral rule,) the latter may be more eligible-parcommunication with persons from the city. He died ticularly when the face of the country is nearly AMERICAN HOTEL.-A report being in circulation of the prevailing epidemic. By order of the Board, level, and when the supply of water is abundant-that this establishment is closed, we are requested to JOHN TOWNSEND, Mayor. the climate mild and healthy-when speed is unne. cessary in the conveyance of goods or passengersstate that itis wholly unfounded-that the establishor when interruption of the trade, during the frost ment, with its usual number of servants, is openof winter or the drought of summer, is productive of and that from its airy and healthful situation it offers little injury-or when Canals, or slack water naviga- every chance of immunity from the prevailing distion,can be effected at a cheaper rate--or finally, when ease. We understand that there has been three or four deaths, and several new cases, since the last Report. that are now conva. Extract of a letter from Quebec of 4th July. "The number of casos in this city has certainly vory much diminished, but they are still sufficiently by means of a short Canal, connecting an extensive numerous to create a considerable degree of anxiety. line of existing navigation, a transhipment can be pre- The President, steamboat, which arrived at New- We have lost, and are still losing, some very respecvented. Every case must depend on its peculiar circumstances; and the conclusion will not, therefore, port oarly on Saturday evening, not being permitted table members of society; and what is very extraor. be invariable. The remark may, however, be made, to land, proceeded immediately to Providence. dinary, although the death of nearly all of them that there is not a Canal in Pennsylvania, New York, On this head the Providence American of Satur. may be attributed in a great measure to trifling previous indisposition of a few days, or perhaps a difNew England, or Ohio, (and other States might day remarks: be mentioned,) which is not a clear misapplica. ferent feeling to what they generally had, and "The steamboat President, which arrived this which in most cases they did not divulge until too tion of capital; in every instance Railroads would morning from New York, had on board two hundred late, still this does not be far preferable. The canal system is superannua-and thirty-five passengers--a larger nun.bos, it is warning to others, as all bear, to have proved a ted and incapable of improvement: it is unable to believed. than ever brought before at one time.lescent (and we are happy to say that they are withstand the assaults of its youthful, vigorous, Captain Bunker was strictly enjoined not to land a tolerably numerous) admit that they had not been and popular adversary-whose movements outstrip passenger at Newport, although there was a large well previous to the attack. We strongly recom. the speed of the wind giant who io daily eras number on board who wished to stop there for the mend you and your friends not to treat so lightly, ing in strength, improving in skill, abounding in reas you would in common times, any slight illness sources, and exhibiting a capacity in accordance purpose of passing the warm season. "It appears to us that our Newport friends are a with which you may be attacked, and, without hesi with the spirit of the age. This adversary, ongen- great deal more nice than wise. We thought it was tation, call in medical assistance. This mode of dered by the necessities, and nurtured by the civili- universally conceded at the present time, that it is proceeding has, as you may suppose, given rise to zation, of the nineteenth century, is about to termiimpossible to prevent the approach of the cholera by many false alarms, and created a good deal of ridi nate the supremacy of its once favored rival: a rival to which but yesterday it was a feeble auxiliary sarily be seriously affected during the present gene- ill-but it nevertheless appears to have been success. quarantines or armed forces. Business must neces-cule at the expense of those fancying themselves an humble dependant. Commencing its carcer at ral excitement and agitation, without having recourse ful in every case, even where a very violent attack our Atlantic cities, it may be traced by its tracks, in to such measures as have been adopted at Newport." of the disease followed." Tuesday, July 10.-After a cold rain for the sea its progress, to the boundless regions of the far west ished spirit of Brindley from the grave-wending take into account, in estimating the health of the In the city generally, 45 cases, 10 deaths. In the Bellevue Almshouse, 52 cases, 25 deaths. The late hour at which we receive the Reports of the Board of Hoalth, and the necessity of going to press by half past 1, in order to save the mails, and ensure an early distribution of the papers in the city, must plead an apology for some inadverteneies. The aspect of the disease is decidedly more favoONE O'CLOCK.-The report to-day presents more rable. The cases are milder-the recoveries more The preceding essay was originally written by the city. Editor in 1824, and has been repeatedly repolished since. It has been revised, and condoleed, and cases and fewer deaths. The aggregate is, such additions made to it as the present state of the Railroad system required. Under these circumstan. ces, it is presumed that no apology is necessary for again submitting it to the public. G. W, S. THE CHOLERA. Friday, July 6.-24 cases and 12 deaths at private residences; 13 casos, 7 deaths, at the Park IIospital. Saturday, July 7.-New cases in the city 42, deaths 5; in the several hospitals, 17 cases; 5 deaths. Sunday, July 8.-New cases in the city 29, deaths 8; in the several hospitals, 13 cases, 11 deaths. Monday, July 9.-In the city at large the cases are very few, only 18, and 4 deaths. In the Hospitals, excluding the Bellovue Alms House, (wherein the Report is very unfavorable) the new cases are 30, the deaths 10-making all the new cases in the city 48, and the deaths 14. To Walter Bowne, Esq., numerous. We have not reported, and shall not report, the names of patients, because it gives, or may give, unnecessary pain, without equivalent pub. lic advantages; and we omit the names of physi cians reporting, because notoriety may tempt to the reporting of casos, at least doubtful. While writing these remarks, the following com. In the city at large, 44 casos, 6 deaths. In the Hospitals, 22 cases, 13 deaths. In the Bellevue Hospital, 43 cases, 25 deaths. New-York, July, 10, 1832. President of the Board of Health. The Special Medical Council report to the Board of Health that they visited yesterday afternoon the Bellevue Alms House, and the Cholera Hospital munication was put into our hands. It shows, most there. They will make a communication this after- strikingly, how cases may be multipliod through the subject on which their opinion has been asked. To the Editor of the American: noon to the Commissioners of the Alms House, on hurry and want of care in making up the report. Tho Special Medical Council assure the Board of Health that the disease in the city is confined to the of those reported as "cases" of cholera, where pal. Would it not be well for some of the neighbors imprudent, the intemperate, and those who injure pable mistakes are made, to inform the public therethemselves by taking improper medicines. So limit. of; and thereby neutralize a portion of the undue cd is the disease to particular descriptions of persons alarm which arises from the number reported? and to particular localities, that many physicians I beg leave to refer through your columns to a known to be most extensively engaged in private few instances, to show how cases" are got up. practice, have not reported or met with a single By looking at the "Reports" of the 8th, 9th, and The number of admissions into the Hospitals in 10th inst. you will read as follows: the city, is found to be nearly one third less than Doct. M'Clay-epidemic cholera, 8th. "John Chambers, Washington, cor. Reed, that of yesterday. case. cases, in addition to the 33 left at the previous re- The Special Medical Council repeat the opinion, that intemperance, exposure and filth are the great causes of the mortality of the malady, which is con. trollable if early taken. They particularly caution the citizens to guard against the change in the wea. ther, by putting on flannel and avoiding wet and the a [Several cases had been reported on each of the Three deaths are reported: Henry Harris, a black McGee, (reported yesterday,) Central Hospital: and man, (reported yesterday,) in Orange street, John a black man, found dead on the pier, whom no phy. sicians had seen. The other cases reported yesterday are convalescent, and under treatment. 9th. "John Chambers, 187 Reed-stre Doot. wright.TM 10th. "John Chambers, Reed, cor. Wash.ngton, Doet. Knapp, cholera, convalescent." So this man, who, it is to be hoped, is now in a condition to be reported "cured," has already been served up three tinos. Ha has been in every report Can any thing exceed the care which his numerous since names were given, and probably in one before. medicel attendants must have taken of him, or their 8th. Mrs. Beyea, 433 Pearl street; Dr. Rockwell; malignant cholera." Dr. Green has also stated to the board the case of tubs prepared; a room for medicines on one side of 8th. "Mrs. Purdy, 3d street, near Avenue D-Dr. exceptions, all remain at their posts, and, God will-comfort of the sick bags for heated sand; bathing ing, mean to do so. the medical room, and a store room on the other, Rockwell." 10th. "Mrs. Purdy, 3d street, near Avenue D-Dr. Yesterday, at 11 o'clock the receipts at the Jersey and everything that the experience of other counRockwell." 8th. "Abm. Potts, 51 Division-street-Dr Com. city Ferry, as the earnings of two Steam-ferry-boats, amounted to 12 1 2 cents. One boat was then tries could suggest provided at the expense of the stock." 10th. Abm. Potts, 51 Division-street-Dr. Com. withdrawn and at 12 o'clock the other had earned city in the most ample manner. 37 1-2 cents, making 50 cents as the result of the A hospital is also provided on Fort Hill; another stock." Other cs of this sort might be added. In some forenoon's labor. Among the few who ventured instances to reports say, that the cases have been into the infected city, was a Jersey wagoner with at the north end, between Hanover and Ann-streets, a loan of notions, determined on hazarding every and Dr. Parkman has offered his splendid mansion reported before. Probably most of those enumerated as being in thing, to deliver his load in conformity to orders.in Bowdoin Square, (near Mr. Lyman's) as a Hospital for that part of the city, together with such the Hospitals have been previously reported from [Journal of Commerce.] portion of his furniture as may be required for the BOARD OF HEALTH, JULY 12, 1832. private dwellings. Is it not possible for the Board of Health to preThe Board of Health consider it proper to state, use of the sick. A gentleman in Purchase-street that the cases reported at Bellevue are confined ex- has also offered his house for the same purpose vent exaggerations of this sort? If not, should they not be exposed by the public prints? I will notice one of the other methods by which clusively to the persons within that establishment,authoritics here and those of New-York is unne appearances are kept up, viz. that of reporting cases two and a half miles from the City Hall, and that whenever it shall be wanted, All comment upon by hearsay several days after recovery or death from no patients whatever are sent froin the city to that the contrast between the conduct of the municipal some sort of illness; and I take leave in particular to place. ALBANY. The report of the Albany Board of cessary. inquire whether the physician who reported "Wm. Hill, 51 Harrison street," on the 10th, as dead of Health on Tuesday comprises 21 new cases of chocholera, ever saw that "case ;"-whether he is aware that Mr. Hill was buried last week on Saturday; lera, 12 of which were mild, and severe. Deallis of men are generally in proportion to their want of and if scen by him, either before or after his death, 8. whether he will stato the symptoms which determined that to be a case of cholera ? Respectfully yours, A. B. The apprehensions of a large community or body NEW-YORK, 11th July, 1832. The Special Medical Council report to the Board mittee of the Board of Health of Detroit, dated 5th July, stating the circumstance of 2 cases of cholera, of Health: That they have reason to believe that the cases of malignant Cholera are less numerous than for seve. one of which, the subject being a very intemperate ral days past. Although bowel complaints, and man, had proved fatal, among the U. States troops on ordinary cholera are rife in the city, they have not board the Henry Clay steamboat. The troops probeen able to ascertain a single case of malignant ceeded notwithstanding, to the number of four hundred, for Chicago. The second case was less violent, Cholera in a person of regular habits, and who has not committed some gross error in diet. and the patient was expected to recover. They recommend to the Board to publish in the } Daily report for Monday, July 9-Remaining 27. new cases 18-severe 10-mild 8-deaths 5-undor treatment 14. The following are the five deaths reported. Mrs. Peck, Quay street, near Maiden lane. John M'Namee, South Hospital. Saralı Connaughty, Malcom street.. pital. We do not believe that the health of the city is worse than it was yesterday. There have been several new cases of Cholera, and some sudden deaths since the last report. We still entertain strong hopes that the disease will not rage to the extent that was feared.-[Alb. Eve. Jour. of last evening.] nesa, want, and fear, will then have full play. Great is the responsibility of those whose exclusive consi. derations for self may lead to such results. BOARD OF HEALTH, ALBANY, The Board of Health report, that since the last Remarkable Escape.-Mr. David Caldwell, cabi An endorsement, on the back of the slip from De. One person (name not known) at the North Hos. pal authorities of this place, and the indifference, well broke, became ungovernable, and crowded the negligence, and folly of those of our own city, ought near horse off the road, when the whole were precipitated headlong down an almost perpendicular steep, nearly 20 feet into the creek! Pine Creek to be made public. As soon as it was understood that the cholera has at this place a bold shore, and to this circumwas in Quebec, the Mayor of Boston convened the stance, in part at least, is to be attributed the preserhorses. Mr. Caldwell was thrown into deep water, Board of Aldermen and the Common Council.-vation of the lives of the two persons as well as the and on rising near the surface, found the wagon $50,000 were at once appropriated to meet the expenses of the occasion. General powers to enforce seat, a considerable part of the load, and as he supsanitary regulation were vested in the Board of posed at the time, the wagon, on the top of himThursday, July 12.-Panic continues to be, as Health, and the Aldermen and 48 members of the in this last particular, however, he was mistaken. Common Council formed themselves into an Assis. After considerable exertion, he succeeded in extricating himself from his perilous situation, rose to from the beginning it has been, the greater eviland from the want of employment consequent upon tant Board of Health. The city was thoroughly the surface, and made his way to the shore. To his the general breaking up of business, there will be cleansed, and divided into four districts, in each of great surprize he found the little girl in about two which a cholera hospital was established, with four feet of water close to the shore and uninjured. He there must be-an increase of the disease: for idle. physicians, nurses, and attendants, attached to each.supposes she must have been thrown against the side. His attention was next direated to the horses; And let it be remarked, before it was known that top of one of the horses, and bounded off at one the cholera had broken out in New York, and two and on looking about he discovered them swimming days before our shiftless Board of Health was oblig- across the creek, which is probably 50 or 60 yards Wiicbifo-arvanà'ambwanì vaca, near to the place the Almshouse, at Bellevue, 48 cases, 25 deaths. and baths, without even nurses for the miserable where they went in. The wagon it seems did not upset, but as it went Brrors iunumornhl。 བཅའ ས བས; reports. A case reported yesterday at 24 Water-st. sufferers that were brought for shelter and relief, to lar position with the tongue downward, so that the Lurns out to be a death by fits. 137 Washington-st. the place where the "fathers of the city" were down the bank, was poised in nearly a perpendicu also made the scene of a case yesterday, is a public assembled-two days before this occurrence, so dis-whole load, which consisted of various articles of store, without tenants, and which has not been open-graceful to the character of the city had taken place merchandize, &c. was emptied out forward. From -hospitals here had been hired, and measures tak- an examination of the bank it appears that but one ed even, for a week. the water, and that only in one place; and only one or two prints of the horsos' feet were discoverable in A note from C. Wright, M. D., says, in reference en to mitigate the calamity which threatened the wheel of the wagon touched between the road and to the case of John Chambers, noticed in this paper larger towns in the United States. In the Hospital I have visited this morning, that distance. That such an adventure could terminate with only yesterday, that he (Dr. W.) never reported, as is (which is 'on West Boston Hill, near the Mill Dam, there stated, the case of Chambers. such is the fact, as we have the particulars from the In justice to the Clergy, concerning whose aban. and in the most fashionablo and airy part of the the loss of a part of the loading seems a greater midonment of their stations at this moment we see city) the matresses are new, and of the best curled racle than we are often called to witness, and yet and hear so many reports, we take occasion to state, hair; the bed clothing of good quality: the bed-mouth of Mr. Caldwell himself.-[Wellsborough as the result of some inquiry, that with three or four rooms are provided with everything required for the Phoenix.] In the city generally, to-day, the cases are 32. deaths 10; in the Hospitals, 39 cases, 16 deaths; ined to transform the City Hall into a temporary hos. wide at this place, with the wagon attached to them. pital, without even the mer. NEW-YORK AMERICAN. JULY 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13-1832. LITERARY NOTICES. return was destined to be still more dishonerable. its inhabitants, and because they proved to be very While in the defiles of the Pyrenees, between Ron-like other people elsewhere, only a little less credu. cesvalles and Valcarlos, his rear was furiously assail ed by some thousands of Navarrese in ambush, who lous, and not at all indifferent to their own interests, were justly indignant at the wanton destruction of and because further, the city of Cincinnati could not THE HISTORY OF SPain and Portugal, Vol. XVII. their capital. That the injury infiicted on the E-be made to comprehend the advantages of a fashion. of Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopædia, Carey & Lea, peror was serious, is apparent from the words of his able Bazaar, (which Mrs. T and her chère moitié Philada. It is certainly remarkable that with all own secretary, who tells us that the whole rear-wasted their money in creating there,) this clever there is of romance, and heroism, and chivalry con./guard was cut to pieces, including many of his gen- but disappointed Tourist found nothing to admire, erals and chief nobles; and that not only the riches nected with the early history of the Peninsula, amassed in the expedition, but the whole baggage of and everything to censure, in the manners, habits, there should not before this have existed a good gen- the army fell into the hands of the victors. With the want of candor so characteristic in all All this we can look upon with complacency, and morals, religion, and government of the Americans. eral history of it. Such, however, is the fact; and the author of that now before us, in his short pre-ages of the French historians, this action, so glori. ous to the Navarrese, has dwindled into an insignifi- pardon, for the truth, the unquestionable truth, face says, that "if anything short of actual experi- cant surprize, or it has been attributed to the French which, amidst much hoaxing manifestly practised ence could have shown in their true magnitude" the inhabitants of Gascony, or it has been concealed al- upon this travelling Blue, she here and there tells obstacles to such an enterprize, he, ough having altogether. That it was not insignificant is apparent of us. long and intimate acquaintance, personal and literary, enough from the extracts below; that it was the deed of Charlemagne's own subjects, of Franks who We take no extract from the book, because so with Spain, would have recoiled from it. As it is, had contrived to station themselves on the Spanish many have already been made in this paper and he has written a valuable book, though on that sub-territory, for the purpose of waylaying theis suve-others; but we make it the occasion of bringing to ject, which of all others was fitted to lend most at- reign, is too absurd to need refutation. Probably the the notice of our readers and of the Harpers, in the traction to his pages, the domination of the Moors troops of the Asturian king Silo swelled the num bers of the patriotic viatore, but both reason and hope of inducing them to republish it, the volume and the Arabs, he has been brief, because a special history must reject the deeds, if not the existence, of referred to a day or two ago in this paper, from the work on it, is in preparation for the Cabinet Cyclo- Bernardo del Carpio, and other chiefs, whose names pen of Mr. Ouseley. We cannot do this better than pædia, by Southey, "whose pen none bu he pre- have been immortalized by poets and writers of reby the observations annexed, cut from the London sumptuous would attempt to rival." Times of 29th May: mance. Wo make an extract: it refers in its conclusion IVAN VEJEEHEN, or Life in Russia; by Thaddeus We have received a copy of a publication entitled to the celebrated battle of Roncevalles, which the Bulgarin: 2 vols. Carey & Lea, Philada.-This Remarks on the Statistics and Political Institutions poetry and prose of chivalry have vied with each purports to be, and we presume is, a translation from of the United States of America, by Mr. W. GORE other in celebrating. The author writes, we find, un-a Russian novel which appeared in 1829, and was OUSELEY, who has lately been attached to the British der a strong distrust of the accuracy of French his- received in Russia with the greatest avidity, has which are professedly written with haste, and which Legation at Washington. Mr. Ouseley's "remarks," been translated into several other languages, and are arranged without much regard to order or me. The anonymous life of Charlemagne, the rela- has attained European celebrity. thod, are chiefly valuable for the contradiction tories. temporary authorities, prove beyond doubt that (pro tion of his own secretary Eginhard, and other con- It is, we presume, an accurate view of the inte- which his personal experience enables him to give of the misstatements lately published respecting the bably in 777) an embassy arrived at the court of rior of life in Russia; not such as a traveller, pass-American people, or his candid explanation of peCharles, requesting his aid for the Viceroy of Cata. ing rapidly through the country sees it, or as it pre-culiarities which cannot be denied. Mr. Ouseley lonia against the Mohammedans, and offering him sents itself to a sojourner in the splendid capital of admits that he went to America with strong prein the event of success the feudal supremacy. By the Czar Peter, but such as can be seen and felt only possessions against its institutions, but now argues, whom that embassy was sent is not very clear; but that though a republican Government, like that of apparently it was dispatched by one Ben Alarabi of by the man privileged or doomed to be a denizen of the United States, might be inapplicable to Europe, Saragossa. That this Ben Alarabi was not the that half barbarous empire. it is well adapted to that society, and to that state wali or governor of that place is certain; for that There is much knowledge of human nature, much of circumstances, where it is established. Indeed, he declares his opinion that the political system of security, good government, and welfare of the our Western brethren is better adapted "for the American people, than any which, under their peculiar circumstances, could have been conThis publication points out several errors and mis the wasirs who aimed at independence: or who al officer was Abdelmelic, whose fidelity continued shrewdness, and much information, such as it is, in unshaken through life. Probably he was one of these volumes, which are, as to life in Russia, though least preferred the distant nominal sway of a Chris less attractive, what the volumes of the Persian Adtian to the onerous despotism of the Mussulman.-venturer are to the more gorgeous nations and reWhat is undoubted is, that the offer was accepted; gions he describes and lives among; or what Tro-"ceived." and that a powerful army, in two columns, passed the Pyrenees. The glory of humbling the Moham- lawney's book of the "Adventures of a Younger takes in Mrs. Trollope's recent book on American medan faith in Spain would doubtless have much Son" are to the isles and continent of the Indian characters and manners, or rather shows that that weight with this Christian emperor; but, from his seas. clever traveller often generalizes local peculiarities, subsequent acts, we may be excused for suspecting ENCYCLOPEDIA AMERICANA, Vol. X. Philadelphia,| or exaggerates general facts. that policy, and even ambition, had as much influ. We have not room for entering into the controence over him as the interests of religion. He him-Carey & Lea. This volume embraces from PEN to versial part of this publication, but beg to recom. self headed the division which passed into Navarre REU, and proceeds as it began, with care, with dili-mend it as another evidence of the benefit which the through Gascony, and his first conquest was the gence, and with accuracy. There are many articles public must derive from discussion even of national Christian city of Pampeluna. Though the anony-in this volume of common and immediate interest, institutions in removing prejudices and establishing mous writer of the "Annales Motenses" asserts truth. The chief topics to which Mr. OUSELEY adthat he expelled the Saracens from that city, Sebas-independently of the value of the work for general verts are the supposed defects of the American Gotian of Salamanca, a more ancient writer, who must reference. We may enumerate that on Railways as vernment,-the merits of the Supreme Court of the necessarily have known much more of the circum- quite à propos; and that describing the origin and United States,--the alleged misrepresentations of stances, expressly affirms that, previous to his days (A. D. 870), Moors had never been admitted either principles of the Quakers, written by one of the the domestic manners of the Americans,-the finan cial and general prosperity of the Union,-its sys. into it, or any other town of Navarre or Biscay.soct, as very orthodox. In the Appendix is an ex- tem of taxation and the comparative weight of taxes The walls he levelled with the ground; and thence cellent biography of Napoleon, and a paper on phi- on each individual,--the state and revenues of the proceeded to Saragossa, to effect a junction with losophy, concluding with an explanation and vindi. elergy, and the judicial system, and its expenditure. the other divisions of his army, which had marched cation of German philosophy, that may be read with His remarks on each of these subjects are highly by way of Roussillon. That city quickly owned) his supremacy; and so also, we are told, did Gero. pleasure and instruction. 1 deserving of attention, though, from the object of his publication, they appear rather as corrections of previous statements, than as displays of spontaneous original information. In most cases he confirms, though in some he controverts, the clever and ani. ver be accused of perverting facts, whatever may be mate accounto or Capestu Desil Hall, who can ne na, Huesca, and Barcelona, the government of DOMESTIC MANNERS OF THE AMERICANS, by Mrs. which he confided to the sheiks who had invited hitn fluence. If the testimony of Eginhard be adniissible, Trolloppe. Reprinted by Messrs. Harper, N. Y. the whole country from the Iberus to the Pyrences, are aware from many whose opinions are entitled in like manner owned his authority. How far he to consideration, that the American publisher of this thought of the theories which he founds on his might have carried his arms, had not the revolt of work has done well to place before us, this carica- limited experience of American institutions. the Saxons summoned him to a more urgent scene, it would be useless to conjecture; but that he mediture likeness-still like, though caricatured, which We, as foreigners, may admire the results of retated the subjugation of the Peninsula,-of the por. a sketchy, thongh unfriendly hand, has drawn of us. vorable circumstances and with laws borrowed publican freedom in a new situation--under most fations held by the Christians, as well as those subject We have heard of persons who, on first viewing from our old English monarchy, without being subto the misbelievers,-may be reasonably inferred the Falls of Niagara, were disappointed; not bejected to any charge of illiberal prejudice, though both from his immense preparations, and from the admission of the most ancient historian of that peri- cause that it is not the most imposing and sublime we prefer our own tried form of monarchical govern. od. The inaction of Abderahman shows plainly of earthly scenes, bat because, from some preconment to that which exists at Washington. enough that he was unable to cope with the imperial ceived and indefinite notions they had entertained the persons who have recently given us accounts of At the same time we are disposed to admit that forces; fer the result of this expedition must be ac. of it, it did not at once throw them into extasies. American society, have grossly underrated the influknowledged as inglorious to Charlemagne. The few feudatory gove nments in Catalonia, little ac- camo to this country, it would appear, with high have ascribed to political institutions many of those destruction of a Christian City, and the hemage of a So, in some sense, it was with Mrs. Trolloppe: she ence of the habits to which they have been accustomed in Europe in perverting their judgments, and corded either with his religious or martial fame. His though vague preconceived notions of it and peculiarities of character which have originated in a AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL.. 455 Cuvier founded the Museum of Comparative Anatsocial organization, over which Government has had froy St. Hilaire to see in the whole of the animal little control. After all, the great charge brought creation a uniformity of structure and unity of omy, and was extremely liberal in giving stranger against our American brethren is, that, free from composition, which only in the changes produced access to its treasures, until some gentleman of our many of the vices of an ancient and luxurious com- in the elective affinity of organs, by the necessi-sister isle thought proper to remove those parts whic! munity like our own, they are likewise deficient inty of performing new functions as the circumstan- were preserved of the celebrated Hottentot Venus its general taste and refinement, that they are be- ces become changed, lead to that infinite variety and after that he became distrustful of students from hind us in the elegant arts, though they cxcel us in of form and aspect, with which it has pleased this country. In visiting him, strangers were shew: ments, which were so many separate libraries, each the general comfort provided for the whole people,Omniscience to people the sea, to crowd the air, through a series of from six to seven small apart. that their men of wealth have less distinction in a and to adorn the earth, the patrimony of man. The characteristic of Cuvier's mind was rather having a chair and a table loaded with periodicals or Bociety where wealth confers no privilege, than they would have among a people where it can pur- accurate observation than the grasping ideality of prints. The last but one was the room for the prepa chase political pre-eminence-in short, that they his contemporary; and though all his resoarches rations immediately wanted, or making under his eye, have no rotten boroughs, and no pauper peasantry exhibit a most comprehensive scope of thought, yet and was kept at a high temperature. The next -no great capitalists, and no starving manufactur- this was so well disciplined by his habits of actual room was his study, in which he walked about be ers-no princely aristocracy, and no slavish tenan-investigation, that he cannot be said ever to have hind a desk that nearly traversed the room, and was try. Our American brethren may not have any committed an extravagance in theoretical deduc. covered with separate folios of paper; so that when particular class whose object is to spend money ra- tion; and the same admirable perfection of the con. examining one animal, he could put the results of ther than to acquire it; they may have few families templative faculties which makes genius merely the the examination of the different systems down in with large revenues in a country where the equal application of common sense to now ideas, prevent. their appropriate places: and the same method was division of inheritance makes no eldest son; they ed him from ever erring so far as to enter the do- applied to other subjects of inquiry or of composi have so many picture-galleries, or so many mains of hypothesis. His lectures on Comparative tion. Cuvier, on account of the many ungrateful extensive parks, where, at each generation, both Anatomy have been preserved by two of his pupils, offices which he filled in turn, had many enemies; may be brought to the hammer, and divided among and, in their earliest form, have been translated by but the most inveterate of these could never cease to children of the proprietor,-they may not have such Dr. Macartney. They exhibited an unequalled as- admire the simplicity and honesty which characterwell paid public officers, or so many fine pensions, siduity of research, and were the bases of the natised his truly great mind. His political tergiversawhere public economy is the order of the day, they ral arrangement of the animal kingdom which he tion has been alluded to in terms of reproach; but may not have troops so well equipped, or fortresses presented to the world in the Règne Animal. Hav. considering the opportunities which he had, and the so well supplied, as in a quarter of the world where ing ascertained, by his own observation, the real ambition which he showed for scientific fame, by the military vigilance and preparation is more necessa- situation which insects should occupy in the scale of immensity of his labors, we must almost say that his ry, they may not have so much pomp or conformity creation, he left the arrangement of the orders and pride was entirely concentrated in the latter.of religion, where they pay nothing for a church genera to Letroille, who at that time had already Among other public situations which the baron filestablishment, their cities may not be so magnifi- shewn himself to be one of the most scientific ento-led, we find him a member of the council of public cent, their houses so richly furnished, or their mologists of the day, and who had never ceased instruction, a counsellor of state, a minister of forequipages so splendid; but, as a compensation, they from applying to that branch of natural history the eign worships, a censor of public writings, and, afhave fewer poor-houses, and less political disaffec-improvements which remain d to be effected by ter the revolution of 1830 a peer of France. His ed as far as the sixth volume, will no doubt be ter. tion-less local oppression, and a greater conscious-the new philosophy which was then drawn upon great work on Fishes, which has always been a faness of moral independence-less individual toil, science. The dissections of the molluscous ani. vorite undertaking with him, and which has proceedmals, which were undertaken to ascertain the naborn at Montheliard, in 1769; and is said to have and moral general abundance. We can only find room for the following extract tural affinities and real importance of that singu. minated by his coadjutor, M. Valenciennes. He was lar class of beings, are consigned to a separate on this subject from Mr. Ouseley's book :"Americans may well be excused if their patience tome, which was published under the Baron's im- died of a paralytic affection of the esophagus. His is somewhat taxed by the short-sighted and captious mediate superintendence. The constancy of form body was examined by several of the most eminent criticisms that are sometimes uttered by foreigners and structure, which in the course of these re- pathologists of the prosent day; and his brain is said or their searches this able naturalist had perceived to cha. to have presented a mass of extraordinary volume, upon their country, their government, manners. I look at that immense tract of country racterize those separate creations which nature ap. weighing 4 lbs. 13 1.2 ozs. Phrenologists will treawest of the Alleghanies, that a very few years ago peared to mark out as distinct species, led him to sure up the evidences of his great intellectual capawas comparatively a wild forest, where many mil- conceive that the lost forms of the earth, the ani- bilities; and an admiring posterity must ever aplions of acres were thinly occupied by a few thou-mals of former worlds, might be grouped, and their preciate the splendid achievements which he has efa population already affinities to living tribes be established by an infected in science, and the means of improvement sand inhabitants, and see greater than that of several independent kingdoms, spection of fragments, however small, which might which he has thus left to future generations. daily increasing in numbers, and adding to their be collected from its rocky strata. There was no comforts; where cities and towns spring up as if by occasion to travel to test the truth of this deduction; The late papers from England, which we received magic from among the woods; its plains traversed the basin of the French metropolis contained withby Railroads, and its gigantic rivers covered with in itself all the materials necessary for the investi. steamboats. I see all this going on without tumult, gation, and, to assist him in the mineralogical part bloodshed, or disorder; and when I exclaim, this of the inquiry, he associated M. Brogniart with him. by the New-York, furnish little worth extracting. is a noble, an extraordinary country! I am answered self; and the establishment of a new order of for. The success of the Reform Bill is insured by the in Abigail phrase-but, shocking, the people eat matious in the geological series, was one of the first withdrawal from the House of Lords of the Duke results. Thus, in prosecuting one branch of sci. of Wellington and other distinguished opponents. with their knives!" To the exclusion of some other literary notices ence, the giant mind of Cuvier was led to effect an Bell's Messenger of 27th treats this as a concerted The majority of the opposition Peers have kept prepared, we insert from the Literary Gazette of improvement in another, as vast as it was unantici. incorporated in the museum of the Garden of Plants, 26th May, just received, the following biographical pated. The anatomical part of this inquiry, as it stands plan, and saysand in the great work on Fossil Remains, will ever be their faith with the Crown, and have absented themBaron Cuvier, as we last week stated, died at Pa- one of the most lasting monuments to the author's selves in such numbers that the Bill meets with ne ris on Tuesday the 15th of May. This illustrious na- genius. As secretary to the Academy of Sciences, serious obstruction. Lord Grey is thus saved the turalist, during a long and laborious career, has sur- Cuvier was called upon by the Emperor Napoleon to necessity of an extraordinary exercise of the prepassed all who have preceded him, from the days of write the history of the modern progress of the sci-rogative." Aristotle, in the reform which he has effected in the oncos of observation-a task which he accomplished sciences of observation. His religion (being brought with equal ability and modesty; and the annual report sketch of Baron Cuvier : FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. In France, notwithstanding little Carlist consora up in the Protestant faith) put early difficulties in of a simlar nature, which it was a part of his duty to cies, every now and then, things are quiet. Th the way of his education; and at a subsequent peri- present to the same learned body, brings down that rumor that Talleyrand was to take Casimir Perod his active mind gave him, in the German Univer- history to the present time. The biographical nie-rier's place is contradicted. Bity of Heidelberg, such an unenviable polemical su-moirs of learned naturalists, foreigners or country. periority, that he was led, by the persecutions which men, written during the same period, are also so Uncertainty hangs over the relations of Spü it entailed, to abandon the profession of the church, numerous as to fill several volumes. His last course with regard both to England and France, as conhis original destination. The learned and eminent at the College of France-and latterly he has not nected with the supposed dosire of Ferdinand to Geoffroy St. Hillaire was the first to discover in the lectured much at the Garden of Plants-was on the aid Miguel. pursuits of young George Cuvier the evento eclipse cedant ist erfish and learning which had obtain that superior mind which was destined vided with credentials to Miguel. The sailing of his master; and, happily for science, obtained his ed for him, what, we believe, is without precedent, ever, but few in number, are sanguine enough to appointment to the school of natural history of the a seat in the three academies of the Institut of France. expect. should the expedition unfortunately fail, that Garden of Plants. Remarkable it is, that the career Cuvier had married the widow of the naturalist Lord William Russell will in that case be found proof these two friends should have terminated in one Duvaucel, and had by her three children, two sons the squadron, which must now be proceeding with a as a good omen for the success of the constitutional of the most abstract discussions that is presented by and a daughter; none of them survive their parent. fair wind rapidly to the Tagus, is hailed generally cause.-[London Times, May 31.] Both proceeded in His daughter died only a few years ago, and was We believe Lord Grey has fully "made up his the annals of natural science. the same way to remodel the principles and to fix considered as the most accomplished and most lovely the classifications of naturalists on an unalterable ornament of the society in which she moved. It was basis, viz. the anatomy of function; and yet how dif. at this period that he discontinued his lectures on ferent are the results obtained by two observers of comparative anatomy, and he never totally recover. mind" to retire from office immediately after the such undoubted intellectual attainments? The in-ed the shock which he experienced on that occasion. great measure is carried, and to place Lord Durham timate knowledge of animated nature, obtained by The reunions at Cuvier's house were held on the at the head of affairs. We do not say that the lat It is now fully ascertained that the lady taken on long and severe observation and reflection; the Saturday evenings, and wore a centering point for ter resolve will be carried into effect;-but the formost curious experiments on the possibility of frus-naturalists of all nations, who, having been onee mer we have little doubt of.-[Court Journal.] Berri, but one of her attendants. The Duchess hertrating even nature in the generation of species; admitted, required only to make their appearance, and a careful study of her own deviations from that their arrival in Paris should be gonerally board the Carlo Alberto was not the Duchess of her ordinary or normal structures, have led Geof-known. |