to the kings of Rome. This, however, cannot be deter mined; but it is certainly more probable that the name of Britain gave rise to the story of Brutus than that the island received its ancient appellation from the name of that mythical prince.

14. This legendary history, although now set aside as fabulous and scarcely worthy of remark, did, in its own time, important service in the formation of the British character; and hence the people were wise in clinging as long as possible to their faith in those ennobling traditions. That proud ancestry, and the lofty achievements which were attributed, in the songs of the bards, to the early British race, inspired each succeeding generation with a love of brave exploits, a contempt of danger, and a lofty patriotism, which could only be crushed out after the nation had for centuries been trodden under the iron heel of the Roman invader.

15. An attachment to the legends of the past seems to be an almost universal sentiment among mankind. Those shadowy periods, so dim and vague from their distance, are the chosen theatre in which fancy delights to present her favorite characters and to enact her fondest dramas; and the charm with which these creations of the imagination are cherished, is the more powerful in proportion as they are contrasted with the sober and often repulsive scenes of real life and history. Hence, as remarked by a great historian, there are two distinct periods in the exist ence of every nation,-the age of historical faith and the age of historical reason.

14. Of what service was the legendary history? In what way was this influ ence exerted?

15. What leads to an attachment to the legends of the past? What two pe riods in a nation's history are referred to?

HISTORY OF ENGLAND.

PART I.

ANCIENT BRITAIN.

SECTION I.

BRITAIN UNDER THE ROMANS.

Extending from the Landing of Cæsar (55 B. C.) to the Invasion of the Saxons (449 A. D).

1. THE Southwestern shores of Britain were visited by Phoenician (fe-nish'c-an) and Carthaginian navigators many centuries previous to the Christian era, their chief object being to obtain a supply of tin from the extensive. mines of that metal existing in the island. This is thought by some to be the origin of the name Britannia, or Britain, supposed to mean the "Land of Tin."* The more ancient name of the island was Albion, or the White Isle, from the chalk cliffs on its southern shore. [Note 1, end of Sec.]

Or, according to some, from the Celtic brith, or brit, meaning painted; as the Britons were in the habit of painting or staining their bodies.

MAP QUESTIONS.-(Progressive Map, No. 1.) Into what five provinces were the Roman possessions divided? Where was Britan'nia Pri'ma? Britannia Secunda? Fla'via Cæsarien'sis? Max'ima Cæsariensis? Valen'tia? What was the northern part of the island called? Where was the country of the Cantii (kan'she-i)? Of the Damno'nii? Of the Belge? Of the Ice'ni? Of the Silu'res? Of the Corita'ni ? Of the Brigan'tes? Where was Londin'ium (London)? Ebor'acum (York)? A'quæ So'lis (Bath)? Ander'ida (Pev'ensey)? Lindum (Lincoln)? Ra'ta (Lei cester)? Verula'mum (St. Albans)? What island near the southern shore of Britain? What islands between Britain and Hibernia (Ireland)? Where did Cæsar land? Where was the wall of Agricola? Of Adrian?

1. By whom was Britain visited? When? For what purpose? What is the origin of the name Britain? What more ancient name, and whence derivod?

2. Its authentic history commences with the invasion by Julius Cæsar (55 B. C.), who, having made a conquest of Gaul, determined to carry his victorious arms against the bold islanders who had given important aid to his enemies, the Gauls. Accordingly, he crossed the channel, and with great difficulty effected a landing on the southeastern shore (at Deal), being vigorously opposed by the Britons, who had assembled in large numbers to repel the invaders of their country. Roman skill and discipline, however, prevailed; and Cæsar, having gained a great victory over the rude forces of the Britons, made a temporary peace with them, and returned to Gaul. [Notes 2 and 3.]

3. In the spring of the next year, he made a second expedition to Britain with a fleet of eight hundred ships, carrying thither an army of more than 20,000 men. He landed at the same place as before, and marched into the country, being obstinately opposed by a British chieftain named Cas-wall'on (called by the Romans Cas-si-velaun'us), whom, however, he defeated in every battle. After he had penetrated into the country beyond the Thames, the Britons sued for peace, which Cæsar, wishing to return, granted on condition that a tribute should be paid to Rome. Notwithstanding his many victories, Cæsar on his departure had made no permanent conquest of any part of the island; and almost a century elapsed before any other attempt was made by the Romans to subdue it.

4. Manners, Customs, &c., of the Britons. The inhabitants of Britain had made at this time but little advancement in civilization; but the southeastern tribes were much superior in this respect to those of the other parts. They practised tillage with a certain rude skill, and built round huts of timber and reeds, resting on foundations of stone, and covered with a conical roof, in

2. How and when does its authentic history begin? Describe Cesar's invasion 3. Describe the second invasion by Cæsar. What was the result of these inva sions? When did the Romans renew the attempt at conquest?

4. What is said of the ancient Britons? Their habitations? Their clothing?