1. Milités legiōnis decimae omnēs ā Caesare1 laudantur. 2. Eodem tempore multae legiōnēs meritō laudabantur. 3. Semper laudaberis. 4. Ab omnibus meritō laudāminī. 5. Ab omnibus laudātus es. 6. Divitiacus ad Caesarem vocătus erat. 7. Haec omnia Ariovistō ēnūntiāta sunt. 8. Pater Casticī ā senātū amīcus 2 appellatus erat. 9. Ea rēs per fugitīvōs hostibus nuntiatur. 10. Aedui fratres ab senātū appellāti sunt.

4

11. Timor eos, qui nōn māgnum in re militārī ūsum habebant, occupavit; hōrum timōre, paulātim etiam ii, qui magnum in castris usum habebant, perturbābantur. 12. Principes Helvētiōrum à Caesare convocati sunt. 13. Fīnēs Santonum a provincia Romānā nōn longē absunt. 14. Liscus multās rēs illō die in conventū dixit. 15. Ii qui tertiam Galliae partem incolunt nostrā lingua Galli appellantur. 16. Galba in vicō qui appellatur Octōdūrus hiemābat.

5

161. Translate into Latin.

1. The brave soldiers will be praised by the general. 2. You have been deservedly praised by Caesar himself. 3.

1 See 158, 415, I., and observe that in the Active construction the Author or Agent of the action is denoted by the Nominative; in the Passive by the Ablative with a or ab. Thus in this sentence the Active construction would be: Caesar milités... laudat.

2 Predicate Nominative; see 59, Rule I.

3 See 158, 415, note 1.

4 Lit. in the military thing; render, in military affairs.

5 Ablative of Means; see 78, Rule XXV.

He

Was not Cicero the consul praised by the senate? was deservedly praised by the Roman people. 4. Has not this citizen been accused by you? He has not been accused by me, but by the magistrate. 5. Will not all these things be announced to the commander?

6. By whom were our plans announced to the enemy ? They have not been announced to the enemy. 7. What has been announced to Caesar? All these things have been announced to him. 8. The consul, with a large army, is not far from the city. 9. At that time the enemy were not far from the village which is called Octodurus. 10. The Aedui, who had been called brothers by the senate, implored aid from Caesar.

Transportō, āre, āvī, ātum, to transport, carry over, take over,

Vulgō, adv.

bring over. [universally.

commonly, as a general thing,

163. Translate into English.

1. Oppida Aeduōrum paene in conspectu exercitus nostrī expugnata sunt. 2. Rēs frūmentāria1 māgnō cum perīculō comparăta erat. 3. Eodem tempore agri Aeduōrum vastābantur. 4. Ariovistus, rēx Germānōrum, amīcus ā senātū appellatus erat. 5. Magnae Gallōrum copiae ab Ariovistō ūnō proelio superatae sunt. 6. Timor exercitum populi Rōmānī occupavit; etiam centuriōnēs quī māgnum in rē mīlitārī ūsum habebant perturbābantur; vulgō in castrīs testamenta obsignābantur.

2

8.

7. Omnes fere Galli ad bellum celeriter excitantur. Aedui belli fortunam tentāvērunt et superāti sunt. 9. Harūdēs nuper in Galliam transportāti sunt. His locus ac sēdēs parābuntur. 10. Imperator in ulteriōrem Galliam per Alpes cum quinque legionibus contendit. 11. Multae gentes ūnō nomine Germānī appellantur. 12. Arverni ab Quintō Fabiō bellō superātī sunt.

164. Translate into Latin.

1. Our fields have been devastated by the enemy. 2. Many towns had been taken by storm.5 3. Large forces of the enemy will be conquered by our commander. 4. The Gauls had been conquered by Caesar in many battles. 5. Many chiefs had been called together by Caesar. 6. The chiefs who had been called together said many things in the council. 7. Many Germans were carried over into Gaul by Ariovistus. For these Germans places of abode had been

1 Rēs frūmentāria, lit. the thing relating to corn or grain, the affair of the grain; render 'grain' or 'supplies.'

2 Observe the difference of construction between expressions of AGENCY, AUTHORSHIP, ab Ariovistō, and MEANS, proeliō.

8 That is, across the Rhine.

4 See 134, foot-note 2.

5 By storm is not to be rendered by a separate word, but is involved in the meaning of the Latin verb.

6 In many battles; Latin idiom, BY many battles.

prepared in Gaul. 8. These legions were wintering in Gaul with great peril.

9. We are not quickly aroused to war. 10. Many nations had already been aroused to war. 11. The fortune of war has been tried by the Gauls, and they will all be conquered. 12. Those who have large experience in military affairs, will not be quickly aroused to war. 13. Were all kings called friends of the Roman people? Many kings were called friends by the senate.

14. The lands of the Gauls were

often devastated by the Germans. 15. The town in which our army wintered was not attacked by the Gauls.

165. Lesson from the Grammar.

In the verb Amō, learn the Subjunctive Mood of the Passive voice. See page 137.

166. Examples. - Supine.

1. Ad Caesarem congratulātum They came to Caesar TO CONGRATU

convēnērunt.

2. Vēnērunt rēs repetītum.

LATE him.

They came TO DEMAND restitution.

NOTE. In these examples the supines congrātulātum and repetitum are employed to denote the purpose of the leading action, in accordance with the Latin usage expressed in the following

RULE LIX. — Supine in Um.

546. The Supine in um is used with verbs of motion to express PURPOSE:

Lēgāti vēnērunt res repetitum, deputies came to demand restitution. Liv. Ad Caesarem congratulatum convēnērunt, they came to Caesar to congratulate him. Caes.

Socrates, the celebrated Greek philosopher.

Observō, āre, āvi, ātum, to observe, keep, comply with.

Socratés, is, m.

Sublevō, āre, āvī, ātum, to assist, support.

168. Translate into English.

1. Adventus hostium Caesarī nuntietur. 2. Utinam ea rés imperatori nuntiata esset. 3. Utinam haec consilia Helvētiīs nuntientur. 4. Nē nostra consilia per fugitīvōs hostibus nuntientur. 5. Judicium senātūs observētur. 6. Utinam omnia senātūs jūdicia observāta essent. 7. Ab his lēgātīs quaerit quantae Galliae civitātēs superatae sint. 8. Ab his quaerebat quae urbēs expūgnātae essent. 9. Quaerunt quam ob rem commeātūs nōn ad Caesarem portātī sint. 10. Eōdem tempore ille mōns ā Labiēnō occupētur.

11. Ab principibus Aeduōrum quaerebat quam ob rem exercitus populi Rōmānī ab iīs nōn sublevārētur. 12. Caesar ad omnes cāsūs subsidia comparabat. 13. Socrates omnium sapientissimus fuit. 14. Imperator in citeriorem Galliam māgnīs itineribus contendit. 15. Hae nāvēs lātiōrēs erant quam reliquae. 16. Principes Gallōrum lēgātōs ad senātum Romānum mittebant. 17. Hostēs lēgātōs ad Caesarem dē

4

1 Show the force of Tenses; see 114, 483, 2.
2 See 127, Rule LV., and Suggestion XVII., 2.

8 Partitive Genitive.

4 Lit. with large journeys; render with forced marches.