pation more pleasant, profitable and certain than heretofore, we cannot do less than occupy a page of our paper to inform all interested in the subject what is now doing with a view to improve the farming interest of the county.

ORANGE COUNTY SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE. -The design of this Institute is, to afford the most efficient means for the acquisition of a combined Scientific and Practical knowledge of Agriculture. A number of farmers residing in the same neighborhood in the town of Montgomery, from seven to nine miles west of Newburgh, having united under a written contract one with the other, to become instructors to such pupils as may be committed to their care through the undersigned, their officers, present the Institute to the attention of the public.

Each pupil will be under the practical instruction of the member of the association with whom he may reside.

The scientific instruction will be under the care of Mr. James Darrach, a graduate of Yale College, a gentleman of scientific attainments, and in common with his associates, the holder of his own plow.

This part of the institution will embrace most of the academic studies, Natural History, and the principles of Agricultural Economy.

The peculiarity of this Institute which recommends it to parents is, that the practical instruction will be given by practical farmers, whose duty and interest compel them to attend to the economy as well as the general management of a farm.

It presents also the following features: family discipline and care; constant companionship with the instructors; varied husbandry and soil which the pupils will be constantly directed to observe and compare. In the neighborhood are places of worship within convenient distance for all to attend-Episcopalian, Presbyterian, Reformed Dutch, Scotch Presbyterian aud Methodist.

Teims-$125 per annum for tuition and board, payable semi-annually in advance.

Mail and other stages that pass over the Newburgh and Cochecton Turnpike connect our places daily with Newburgh.

Enquiries and applications may be addressed to either of the undersigned at Coldenham, Orange county, New York. SAMUEL WAIT, Jr., Secretary.

LINDLEY MURRAY FERRIS, Pres't.

At the opening of this Institution on the 20th May, 1846, an Introductory Lecture was delivered by Professor James Darrah, on the nature and object of the institution, mode of instruction, &c., and widely circulated at the time. We commend the address to the careful perusal of every farmer, and should be pleased to lay it before them here, but are prevented by its great length. The Institute is in practical operation with several students from abroad in attendance, giving its friends and patrons a flattering promise of future success. The novelty and beauty of the principle of the school is, that theory and practice walk arm in arm and commune daily together. If such an establishment by such mode of instruction does not succeed and elevate the great farming interest

of the county we do not know what will, and we may then
hopelessly ask what can be done which has not been attempt-
ed. We are not a practical farmer and therefore may be
judged incompetent to advise and intrusive in our remarks,
still we must be borne with as we have their interest deeply
at heart. We hold the opinion that there is a moral and po-
litical dignity which surround and rest on the farming inter-
est of the county which invest it with peculiar importence, of
which the agriculturalists are not aware or do not sufficiently
appreciate and act up to-that there is a science essential to
its profitable conduct which that class of citizens do not pos-
sess to the requisite extent demanded of them at this enlight-
ened period of the world, when the loud cry in every other
department of human pursuit, is "advance, progress, im-
prove," and that at this day in this county with lands at least
partially exhausted of many essential properties of a virgin
soil, it is madness to decry the application of the arts in va-
rious ways to increase and insure the products of the soil.-
We cannot for the life of us see, considering the science and
chemical combinations which invest every handful of earth
and affect its fruitfulness, why the farming interests of the
country at large are not more than anxious to bestow upon
the sons of the plough the best possible education in all the
departments by which the soil may be thoroughly understood.
"In ancient times the sacred plough employed
The Kings and awful fathers of mankind;

And some, with whom compared your insect tribes
Are but the beings of a summer's day--

Have held the scale of empire, ruled the storm

Of mighty war: then with unwearied hand,

Disdaining little delicacies, seized

The plough, and greatly independent lived."

AGRICULTURAL ANECDOTE.

Pliny, the elegant Roman historian, relates that Cresinus was originally a slave-that after being made a freeman he purchased a small piece of ground, from which by great industry and skill he obtained larger crops than others who had much larger farms. Their envy was excited and they complained of him as using magic charms to fertilize his lands and impoverish those of his neighbors. He was summoned by the Edile (a Roman officer) to appear and answer the charge before the people. He obeyed the mandate and took his daughter with him, a fresh and healthy looking girl, whose charms were increased by the simplicity of her dress.

He also carried with him his tools and implements of husbandry which were in excellent order. The mattocks were heavy, his plough enormous, his cattle sound and fat. "Behold," said this dignified and indignant farmer, "behold my whole magical equipage! behold the charms which I have. recourse to! There are others indeed which I am incapable of producing before you; I mean the sweat of my brow, and incessant toil both by day and night." This native eloquence decided the matter; he was honorably acquitted by the unanimous voice of the large assembly. Farmers, this ancient anecdote of an industrious farmer is related for your benefit, the point, industry and care in the manufacture and goodkeeping of the instruments of your honorable profession.

TOWN OF CRAWFORD.

This was erected from Montgomery in 1823, is the west half of the old town, bounds on Sullivan county, and its original settlement treated of in connection with Montgomery. The name was from an old, numerous and respectable family of the name of Crawford, of Irish descent, who were among the first settlers. The whole town is more elevated than Montgomery, being on the eastern flank or slope of Shawangunk Mountain, before wholly run out. It is separated from Montgomery by the elevated range of upland running North and South, called Comfort's Hills, the line of separation follows the direction of the Hills. The land is not of so easy cultivation as that of the former town, more stony and broken up by high ridges running North and South. The soil, when divested of its native forests and cleared of stone, is strong and productive of grass and grain. A fine quality of butter is made here and in great abundance. The grasses are excellent and dairies large. This town is benefited in some respects by its elevated locality, and made more productive in the fruits of the earth. Being in the vicinity of the Shawangunk Mountains, it receives more numerous and copious showers throughout the year than localities further removed from their influence, and consequently suffers less drought. These physical causes operate benignly upon the grains and grasses, and generally prevent the lands from being burned up during the heats of summer. The Dwass Kill runs from South to North through the whole central portion of the town, and at Searsburgh furnishes a pleasant,

useful and controlable water power, which has been in beneficial operation since the first settlement of the town. Further west, the Shawangunk Kill, the west bounds of the town, runs in the same direction and furnishes a much larger hydraulic power in many places along its course. These in like manner were put to early use by the original settlers of the vicinity on both sides of the stream, which we have particularly noticed heretofore. As previously remarked, this was not generally settled as early as the present town of Montgomery, and its christian and civil facilities may not be as numerous, but time, the convenience and necessities of community will supply all that is now deficient in these respects. The citizens are frugal and industrious, and determined to make the most of their inland position. The great mass of the people are engaged in the various departments of agriculture, and have shown their improvements and capabilities in these departments by the receipt of prizes awarded them on several occasions by the agricultural society of the county for the best improved farms, best quality of butter, stock,. grains, &c., all which, are public monuments of industry, skill and enterprise, highly honorable to the town and its citizens. The grasses in this town are free from noxious vegetables, and growing upon high land are strong and producea fine quality of milk. The town is noted in the markets for its first rate quality of butter. The farmers are growing more attentive to stock than formerly. The roads of the town are in good condition, and considering the distance from market it is imperative upon the inhabitants to keep them up to this standard at all times and seasons of the year. The Newburgh and Cochecton Turnpike runs through a southern portion of the town, and furnishes desirable facilities for pleasure and business purposes. This region is favorable to the growth of apples and peaches, the quality and quantity of which, especially the apple for winter use, are on the increase. The Rev. Isaac Van Doren, the former pastor of Hopewell Church, some thirty years since sat out an apple orchard on the parsonage farm of grafted choice fruits, which is now in fine bearing. He may be considered the father of the winter apple in this town.

Hopewell. A small village in the northwest part of the town, and called after the Presbyterian meeting house there, of that name. This congregation was a swarm of the old hive at Goodwill in the town of Montgomery, among the oldest of that denomination in the county. The name is fanciful, and we suppose expressed their hopes and desires of future

success and prosperity, on establishing a new place of worship in a distant part of the town. It was the case of sons

and daughters leaving the old mansion so dearly beloved, and taking up their abode in a new and distant land. Their hopes were well founded; the congregation is prosperous, and the institution well endowed.

Bullville. A small village on the turnpike, seven miles west of the village of Montgomery, and recently grown up. It has its name from Mr. Thomas Bull, who resides there, and conducts business of various kinds in the place.

Searsburgh.-Another small village in the centre of the

town.

It is upon a stream called the Dwass, Dwasse or Dwarf's Kill, where there is a flour and saw mill. The place received its name from Mr. Benjamin Sears, who resided there and owned the mills, and was once Sheriff of this county. He was the father of Doct. Sears of this county; of William Sears, attorney at law, of the city of New York; and of the Rev. Jacob Sears, of the Dutch Church, New Jersey. There is much to gratify and console, in the thought that we have given name even to a town or village-nay, to a piece of fruit or flower. It is proof that we have done something in our day worthy of being remembered. To die and be forgotten, without leaving a name behind, is disreputable. Every man ought to have more on his tombstone than Hic Jacet. If the public will not decree us more, we have lived in vain, cheated our country, and disappointed the fond hopes and just expectations of friends and kindred.Alas! how many leave the work assigned them undone, and depart without having earned a worthy remembrance!

Dwass Kill or Dwarf's Kill.-This is quite an important stream in the town-runs north, and empties into the Walkill near Gatesville, Shawangunk. The name is Indian ;the meaning unknown. The tradition is, that it was named after the chief of a small tribe, that lived upon its banks in that part of the county. We are informed by a gentleman living in that part of the county, that his father, who was among the early settlers of what is now Crawford, told him that he had seen the chief of the tribe, called Dwasse; and that there was a wigwam of the tribe, near what is called TurnpikeGate, No. 3 in that town, and he had seen it.

Some say the name is Low Dutch, and means 66 perverse or contrary." We do not know that it is more perverse or headstrong than its relatives; for they all practise the principle of running down hill, without showing unnecessary temper about it.