III. ABSTRACTS 1. Cicero's De Oratore and Horace's Ars Poetica, by George Converse Fiske, University of Wisconsin, and Mary A. Grant, University of Kansas. This paper is a continuation of the collaborative study, "Cicero's Orator and Horace's Ars Poetica," which appeared in Harvard Studies, XXXV. The collation of material is mainly Miss Grant's; the conclusions and arrangement are Mr. Fiske's. Following the method of the former study, an attempt is made to show cross relations between the De Oratore and the Ars Poetica, and six rhetorical TÓTOL Occurring in both works are analyzed and compared. 1. With regard to the relation of the poem, the oration, and the philosophical dialogue to the audience, the paper seeks to prove that both poem and oration belong to the rubric λόγος πρὸς τοὺς ἀκροατάς. 2. Both the De Oratore and the Ars Poetica were influenced strongly by the Academic-Peripatetic theory of the artes maiores, rhetoric and poetics. 3. The use of analogies from the artes minores such as sculpture, painting, and athletics, is traced back to Plato. 4. The doctrine of Tò Tрéπоv, treated in the earlier paper, is again analyzed, this time in special relation to the first book of the De Officiis in which тò πρéπov in life and тò πрéπоν in literature are compared. 5. In showing the interrelation between the ideas of the perfectus and mediocris orator and the perfectus and mediocris poeta, the distinction is made that since the aim of poetry is primarily aesthetic pleasure, the mediocris poeta is impossible, while the orator who may teach or move, as well as delight, is a respectable figure. 6. The commonplace φύσις, μελέτη, επιστήμη, as treated in the De Oratore, is applied to lines 305-476 of the Ars Poetica. The general conclusions are that the Ars Poetica is a unified, but informal treatise on the art of poetry, steeped in Hellenistic rhetoric, written with full knowledge of Cicero's De Oratore and Orator, and superficially camouflaged under the external form of a literary epistle. 2. Early Ecclesiastical Literature and its Importance to Classical Scholars, by Roy Joseph Deferrari, Catholic University. Early ecclesiastical literature is not to be confused with medieval literature. It is, roughly, all the literature appearing in the first five centuries of our era, in connection with affairs of the church. The term "early Christian literature" is not so acceptable, because much of the early literature concerned with ecclesiastical matters can hardly be called Christian. The terms "patristic" and "fathers" are likewise unsuited, because they have a strict theological connotation which would exclude all the literature of heretics. From a literary as well as a chronological standpoint, early ecclesiastical writers are to be grouped with their pagan predecessors and contemporaries rather than with their Christian successors. One cause of apathy towards the literature of this field is the condition in which it is at present available to us. A few annotated texts of certain works are at hand, but of these perhaps three are in any way exhaustive. For the most part we must still draw on the volumes of Migne's Patrologia, which are cumbersome and inaccurate, and contain little or nothing of ready commentary. The so-called "Vienna Corpus" contains a number of scientific critical texts, but no commentary accompanies them that would attract and assist the non-specialist, the ordinary reader of cultivated taste. The field of early ecclesiastical literature offers many needed opportunities for the university teacher and the young investigator. Classical subjects in their narrow sense have been ruthlessly investigated, and while by no means exhausted, present opportunities for work which for the most part demand the mind of a mature and highly trained scholar. There is little at hand for the industrious worker of average ability or for the inexperienced candidate for the degree of Ph.D., which is at once within the compass of his powers and sufficiently important to justify an expenditure of much hard labor. 3. The Use of Official Stamps on Papyrus Documents, by Leiv Amundsen, University of Michigan. The paper began with an interpretation of the unpublished Michigan papyrus no. 118, a tax receipt from Bacchias in Fayam, dated 121 A.D., with an extraordinarily well-preserved stamp of red ink on its verso side. The document states the payment of a species of the encyclion: τέλος θέσεως ἐνοικήσεως καὶ ἀνανεώσεως (ἐνοίκησις = “ Wohnrechtsvertrag”; cf. P. Hamb. 30, 17). The money was paid through the encyclion bank of Arsinoe (ἐπὶ τῆ(ς) ἐν Πτολεμαΐδι) Εὐεργέτ (ιδι) το (ϋ) 'Αρσι(νοΐτου) έγκυκλίου) τρα πέζης) ; cf. B. G. U. 914, 4 with Preisigke's Berichtigungsliste) to the account of Statilios Apion and Valerios Apollonios (cf. P. Lond. 297 b). Other unpublished Michigan papyri relating to the tax payer, Tapekysis, daughter of Horos, reveal the nature of the contract, a lease of a house and a loan of money on mortgage, on which the tax was levied. After a description of the stamp (with the legend: LE AYTOΚΡΑΤΟΡΟΣ KAICAPOC ΤΡΑΙΑΝΟΥ | ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟΥ CEBACTOY; the document being drawn up in the first month of the sixth year of Hadrian, the stamp of the past year has been used) our present knowledge as to the use of official stamps on papyri was set forth, and thereby additions and corrections made to the different statements in the papyrus literature concerning the practice of the docketing offices in Roman Egypt. 4. Interpretation of a Papyrus Letter, by Robert Chisolm Horn, Muhlenberg College. This unusually illiterate letter (P. S. I, 8351) was published by the editors without notes and without separation of the words. It is an interesting letter, if we can separate the words and correctly find the meaning. In this place we have merely filled the lacunae, and given the text with punctuation and separated words, followed by a translation. τω κυρίω μου και τιμιωτατω πατρωνι Φιλοξενου γεουχου Χαιρήμμων χαιρ(ειν). κρον σιταρα. εδεδωκα σιτου 5 αρταβας δεκα. λοιποι εικοσι εξ 1 Pubblicazioni della Società Italiana, per la ricerca dei Papiri greci e latini in Egitto: Papiri Greci e Latini, volume settimo, ed. G. Vitelli. Firenze, To my lord and most honored patron Philoxenus the cultivator, Chaeremon sends greeting. I beg and implore you for the little bit of grain. I have given ten artabae of grain. There are left twenty-six artabae. I have not found a way to give them. For I know, your excellency, that many things are not secure with you. Since by God you will deem it proper to cry out in the midst of trouble, I sent a letter to Phoebammon the director to grant me the twenty-six artabae until your excellency comes into the village and does what I wished. For you know that in many things I helped you. By God if you come into the village, if you please grant me the price, if you please, instead of being cross. I pray for your long continued good health, my lord and patron. 5. A New Fragment of the Shepherd of Hermas, by Campbell Bonner, University of Michigan. This paper describes a small fragment containing a few lines from the end of Mandate II and the opening words of Mandate III. It is part of a roll, written on the verso of what appears to be a tax-register, probably of the period of Marcus Aurelius. The writing on the verso is probably to be dated about the year 200 and it is, consequently, one of the oldest extant bits of Christian literature. The text differs considerably from that of the Athos manuscript, as also from that of the Sinaiticus, which, however, covers only a part of this passage. There seems to have been not a little corruption of the text of this passage, for both the Latin versions and the Ethiopic were based upon faulty originals. Since there is little agreement among the various sources for the text, the new fragment must be regarded as a valuable addition to the available documents. Its vulgarisms and its stylistic awkwardness give evidence of its freedom from editorial corrections. 6. The Date of Manilius, by R. B. Steele, Vanderbilt University. The article passes in review the passages cited by Schanz favoring the reign of Tiberius for the date of Manilius, and the conclusion is reached that they point to the time of Augustus. The argument for the earlier date is based on similar passages in the Augustan writers from whom Manilius drew freely for the material of his poem. In addition to this the statement of the influence of several constellations seems to portray the activities of Augustus and of others who preceded Tiberius. With so much that is clearly Augustan, and so little that can be interpreted as Tiberian, the last year of the reign of Augustus is taken as the date of Manilius. 7. Five Leases on Papyri, by Allan Chester Johnson and Henry Bartlett Van Hoesen, Princeton University. These documents from the Princeton collection of papyri deal with leases of land, houses, and gardens. In connection with the subject matter of the leases the indiction in Egypt and the office of praepositus have also been studied. 8. Et dona ferentis, by Clyde Murley, Northwestern University. The thesis of this paper was that et dona ferentis in Aeneid, 11, 49, means "even at their devotions." The history of this interpreta |