at Torbay. He was received there with open arms as well as afterwards by the country at large. Officers and men, abandoning their former banners, deserted to serve under him. The national discontent indeed was such that James found it necessary to leave the kingdom and to retire to France. In process of time, as is well known, the Prince of Orange and his consort were advanced to the sovereignty of the realm.

William Penn lost, by the flight of the king, one who, with all his political failings, had been his firm friend. He was left exposed to the popular indignation as a Papist and Jesuit, and as one who had aimed to establish popery and arbitrary power in the kingdom. To return. to America, though she presented to him a peaceful asylum, would have led persons to conclude that he had been guilty of what had been laid to his charge. Conscious of his own innocence, he resolved to remain where he was, following those occupations by which he thought he could best promote the good of his fellow-creatures.

But it was not long after this determination before he felt the effect of the political change which had taken place; for on the 10th of Twelfth month, walking in Whitehall, he was sent for by the Lords of the Council, who were then sitting. Here he underwent an examination. In reply to some questions which were put to him, he protested that "he had done nothing but what he could answer before God and all the princes in the world; that he loved his country and the Protestant religion above his life, and had never acted against either; that all he had ever aimed at in his public endeavors was no other than what the prince himself had declared for; that King

James had always been his friend and his father's friend; and that in gratitude he himself was the king's, and did ever, as much as in him lay, influence him to his true interest." Notwithstanding this manly and open declaration, and that nothing appeared against him, the council obliged him to, give security for his appearance the first day of the next term.

XVIII.

HILE William Penn was in England, the want of his presence in Pennsylvania was felt and lamented by the inhabitants there. The burden of government had rested principally upon Thomas Lloyd, a valuable member and minister of the Society of Friends; but as he was desirous of being released from the care and responsibility of his public station, William Penn reluctantly granted his request, and nominated Captain John Blackwell as his deputy. In his letter to his friends in Pennsylvania, he says: "For your ease, I have appointed one that is not a Friend, but a grave, sober, wise man, to be Governor in my absence. He married old General Lambert's daughter, was treasurer to the Commonwealth's army in England, Scotland, and Ireland: I suppose independent in judgment. Let him see what he can do awhile. I have ordered him to confer in private with you, and square himself by your advice. If he do not please you, he shall be laid aside. I desire you to receive him with kindness, and let him see it, and use his not being a Friend to Friends' advantage. He has a mighty repute of all sorts of honest people where he has inhabited, which, with my knowledge, has made me venture upon him. I have rough people to deal with about my quit-rents, that yet cannot pay a ten-pound bill, but draw, draw, draw, still upon me. And it being his talent (Blackwell's) to

regulate and set things in method, easy and just, I have pitched upon him to advise therein."

Among the instructions accompanying the commission sent to this officer are the following: "That the widow, orphan, and absent may be particularly regarded in their rights, for their cry will be loudest in all ears; but by absent, I mean such as are so of necessity. To have a special care that sheriffs and clerks of the peace impose not upon the people, and that the magistrates live peaceably and soberly, for I could not endure one loose or litigious person in authority. Let them be men having some fear of God, and hating covetousness, whatever be their persuasion; to employ others is to profane an ordinance. of God. Rule the meek meekly, and those that will not be ruled, rule with authority, and God Almighty prosper all honest and prudent endeavors."

The appointment of Deputy-Governor Blackwell did not answer the expectations of the Proprietary. He did not harmonize with the inhabitants there, and William Penn was induced in a short time to revoke his commission. While under bail for his appearance before the council, William Penn wrote to Friends in Pennsylvania:

you

"MY DEAR FRIENDS AND BRETHREN:-If it be with as I can say it is with me, in the presence of God, then are we one in Him, for neither length of days, nor distance of place, nor all the many waters between us, can separate my heart and affection from you. . .

"Great revolutions have been of late in this land of your nativity, and where they may period the Lord knows. .It can be no new thing for us to meet with exercises.

Europe looks like a sea of trouble-wars all over it like to be this summer. I strongly desire to see you before it be spent, if the Lord will; and I can say in his sight, that to improve my interest with King James for tender consciences, and that a Christian liberty might be legally settled, though against my own interest, was that which separated me from you chiefly. I desire your remembrance before the Lord; as you are not, and cannot be, forgotten in my addresses and approaches to Him, who rest in his unchangeable love, dear friends and brethren, yours unalterably, in the communion of the blessed truth, WILLIAM PENN.

"The 2d of the First month, 1689.”

When William Penn's case was finally brought before court he was cleared, there being no charge against him.

After the retirement of Governor Blackwell, Thomas Lloyd again consented to act as president of the council, the executive duties having now reverted to it. William Penn at this time wrote to them:

"LONDON, 12th of Sixth month, 1689. "FRIENDS: I heartily wish you all well, and beseech God to guide you in the ways of righteousness and peace. I have thought fit, upon my further stop in these parts, to throw all into your hands, that you may all see the confidence I have in you, and the desire I have to give you all possible contentment. I do earnestly press your constant attendance upon the government, and the diligent pursuit of peace and virtue; and God Almighty strengthen your hands in so good a work. I also recommend to you the