well to our own growth and prosperity in his heavenly way and work; then shall the desire of our hearts be more and more after Him, and the remembrance of his name; and with our love to God, will our love increase one towards another, helping and aiding one another.

And beware of that loose and irreverent spirit which has not those in high esteem among you who are faithful in the Lord's work, and who labor in his blessed word and doctrine. They that love Christ, his servants are dear to them, and they bear a tender regard to their trials, travails, spendings, and sufferings, who seek not yours, but you, that you may all be presented blameless at the coming of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ; that so the Gospel ministry and testimony may be held up with holy, fervent love, and godly esteem, to the keeping under every raw and exalted mind, and whatever may slight and turn against it. Be watchful, keep to your first love and works, that so you may endure to the end and be saved. having overcome, you may have right to eat of the tree

And

of life, which is in the midst of the paradise of God.

WE

XII.

E have seen how William Penn had become concerned in the colonization of West Jersey. But in 1679, Sir George Carteret, proprietor of East Jersey, died, leaving his property there to be sold for the benefit of his creditors. This sale was effected in the beginning of 1682, William Penn and eleven others being the purchasers. They soon afterwards took into the concern twelve others, thus constituting a company of twentyfour proprietors, nearly all members of the Society of Friends, and of whom Robert Barclay, the celebrated Apologist, was one. Of this growing colony, Robert Barclay was appointed governor for life, but he never visited the country. He held the office of governor only about two years, having entrusted the execution of his official duties to a deputy. Thus it happened that New Jersey, both east and west, was settled, in great part, under the auspices of Friends.

It appears by one of his letters, that at an early period of his life, even while he was a student at Oxford, William Penn had a distant prospect of service in the western world; and his connection with the province of New Jersey having made him partially acquainted with the country on the opposite side of the Delaware, he formed the idea of procuring the grant of a territory there; in which he might not only furnish an asylum to Friends

and others who were persecuted on account of their religious persuasion, but might erect a government upon principles approaching much nearer the standard of evan. gelical purity than any which had been previously raised.

He inherited from his father a claim on the British gov ernment amounting to sixteen thousand pounds for services and for money advanced. In 1680 he asked of King Charles II., in satisfaction of this claim, a grant of land in America, north of Maryland, "bounded on the east by the Delaware River, on the west limited as Maryland, and northward to extend as far as plantable."

The grant to Lord Baltimore, which was made by Charles I., lay to the south, and was understood to extend no further north than some point on the Delaware Bay. The Duke of York obtained a part of the tract lying on the east of that bay. The application of William Penn was laid before the privy council, and by them referred to the Lords Committee of Trade-and Plantations. The agent of the Duke of York was heard in relation to the claims of the latter. The rights of Lord Baltimore were also examined. The advice of Chief-Justice North and the attorney-general was taken on the subject. After these contiguous claims had been fully canvassed, a charter was granted to William Penn, dated at Westminster, the fourth of March, 1681, constituting him proprietary and gov ernor of the province of Pennsylvania.

William Penn informs his friend Robert Turner of the grant in the following letter:

"DEAR FRIEND:-My true love in the Lord salutes thee and dear Friends that love the Lord's precious Truth in

those parts. Thine I have, and for my business here, know that after many waitings, watchings, solicitings, and disputes in council, this day my country was confirmed to me under the great seal of England, with large powers and privileges, by the name of Pennsylvania; a name the king would give it in honor of my father. I chose New Wales, being, as this, a pretty hilly country, but Penn being Welsh for a head, as Penmanmoire in Wales, and Penrith in Cumberland, and Penn in Buckinghamshire, the highest land in England, called this Pennsylvania, which is the high or head woodlands; for I proposed, when the secretary, a Welshman, refused to have it called New Wales, Sylvania, and they added Penn to it; and though I much opposed it, and went to the king to have it struck out and altered, he said it was past, and would take it upon him; nor could twenty guineas move the under secretary to vary the name; for I feared lest it should be looked on as a vanity in me, and not as a respect in the king, as it truly was, to my father, whom he often mentions with praise. Thou mayest communicate my grant to Friends, and expect shortly my proposals.

"It is a clear and just thing, and my God, that has given it me through many difficulties, will, I believe, bless and make it the seed of a nation. I shall have a tender care to the government, that it be well laid at first. No more now, but dear love in the Truth.

"Thy true Friend,

WILLIAM PENN."

This province is described in.the charter as bounded on the east by the Delaware River, from a point twelve miles. north of Newcastle, to the beginning of the forty-third

degree of north latitude, in case the river should be found to extend that far north-or if it should not, then a meridian was to be run from its head waters to the said latitude; on the north by the parallel of latitude passing through the beginning of the forty-third degree; and to extend westward through five degrees of longitude, computing from this eastern boundary. The southern boundary was to be determined by a circle described at twelve miles from Newcastle, northward and westward, until it intersected the beginning of the fortieth degree of north latitude; and thence the line was to extend on that parallel westward to the meridian previously determined. The province was, therefore, designed to include three degrees of latitude, except a small part on the eastern side, and five degrees of longitude on the northern parallel. It was afterwards discovered, that owing to the ignorance of the people of that day in regard to the geography of the country, the boundaries assigned to Pennsylvania were irreconcilable with each other, and encroached on the chartered limits of Maryland. This involved the proprietaries in a controversy which was not terminated during their lives.

In regard to the motives of William Penn in this undertaking, it is evident that he was most influenced by religious considerations. In one of his letters he has this passage:

"And now give me leave to say, I have served the Lord, his Truth and people in my day to my ability, and not sought myself, though much spent myself; so has He made me to firmly believe that I shall not even outwardly go without my reward; I see his blessed hand therein,