CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION TO THE THIRD EDITION (1900), BY THE BISHOP OF

LINCOLN

INTRODUCTION TO THE FIRST EDITION (1893), BY THE BISHOP OF

LINCOLN.

AUTHOR'S PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION (1900)

AUTHOR'S PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION (1893)

PAGE

xiii

xvii

. xxvii

xxxi

PART I.

THE POPES HAVE NO DIVINELY GIVEN PRIMACY OF

JURISDICTION.

LECTURE I.

THE SEE OF ROME IN THE FIRST THREE CENTURIES.-I.

Introductory-Primitive organization and precedence-The Paschal Controversy—

The Irenaean Passage.

The controversy with Rome a necessity

The points to be discussed.

The Roman claims, as defined at the Vatican Council
The essential equality of all bishops in early times.
Two modifying cross-principles-

(i.) Metropolitical authority and civil precedence.
(ii.) The influence of the apostolic sees.

The order of reputed civil precedence governed the situation

The position of the Bishop of Rome in ante-Nicene times.

The Paschal controversy in the time of Victor .

The witness of S. Irenaeus in regard to the see of Rome

I

3

ib.

5

6

ΙΟ

II

13

14

19

LECTURE II.

THE SEE OF ROME IN THE FIRST THREE Centuries.—II.

The Theory that S. Peter was Bishop of Rome-The Clementine Romance-

The dispute about the baptism of heretics

"The harsh obstinacy of our brother Stephen'

The excommunication of S. Cyprian and S. Firmilian

The Roman Church makes amends

Appendix A.-The excommunication of S. Cyprian

Appendix B.-Concerning passages from S. Cyprian's works, which are

quoted by Ultramontanes in support of their contention

that S. Cyprian held the papal theory

Addendum to Appendix B.

77

LECTURE III.

THE RELATION OF S. PETER TO THE APOSTOLIC COLLEGE AND TO THE

James, Cephas, and John recognized as pillars

The president of the Council of Jerusalem .

Scripture nowhere clearly connects S. Peter with Rome

""Feed My

Appendix C.-On our Lord's words to S. Peter (S. John xxi. 15-17),

"Feed My lambs;" "Tend My sheep;"

sheep"

LECTURE IV.

THE GROWTH OF THE PAPAL POWER FROM THE PEACE OF THE CHURCH

TO THE END OF THE PONTIFICATE OF DAMASUS.

Summary of the previous lectures.

The world admitted within the enclosure of the Church

The lowering of the spiritual tone of the clergy.

This lowering process traced at Rome during the pontificates of

S. Julius

Liberius.

Damasus

He dies out of communion with Rome during the session of the council.

Appendix D.-Did the Council of Chalcedon blame Dioscorus for pre-

siding over the Latrocinium without papal authoriza

tion? Did Hosius preside at Nicaea as a papal

legate?.

Appendix E.-The canons of Sardica and the Eastern Church

LECTURE V.

THE GROWTH OF THE PAPAL POWER DURING THE SIXTY YEARS WHICH

FOLLOWED THE DEATH OF DAMASUS.

The effects of the rescripts of Valentinian I. and Gratian.
Legislative authority exercised through decretal epistles
"Blessed Peter lives and judges in his successors

Resistance in the West to the new State-created patriarchal yoke

Pope Celestine receives Apiarius to communion after his second condemna-
tion.

The case of Apiarius of Sicca.

The Councils of Carthage in 418 and 419

The African letter (Quoniam Domino) to Pope Boniface

The African letter (Optaremus) to Pope Celestine

The case of S. Hilary of Arles

The case of Anthony of Fussala

The rescript of Valentinian III.

PAGE

178

ib.

181

183

ib.

184

186

190

ib.

194

196

200

202

Concluding remarks on the later developments of the papal power

Appendix F.-On the genuineness of the Letter Optaremus, addressed by

a Carthaginian council (circa 426) to Pope Celestine. 204

PART II.

COMMUNION WITH THE ROMAN SEE IS NOT A NECESSARY

CONDITION OF MEMBERSHIP IN THE CATHOLIC CHURCH.

Contrast between the Catholic doctrine and the Roman theory

The testimony of Holy Scripture in favour of the Catholic doctrine-

The analogy between Israel and the Church

215

216

ib.

217

219

Our Lord's prayer for unity at the Last Supper

222

Transition to the testimony of the Fathers

The action of the Catholic episcopate in the time of Pope Victor

The witness of S. Cyprian and of S. Firmilian.

224

ib.

225

LECTURE VII.

THE RELATION OF THE CHURCH OF ANTIOCH TO THE CHURCH OF ROME

IN THE FOURTH CENTURY.-I.

The thirty years of promiscuous communion in the East.

A.D. 331 TO A.D. 361.

The Antiochene Catholics remain in communion with their Arianizing

bishops

The East and the West cease to communicate together after the Council of

Sardica

PAGE

Promiscuous communion between the orthodox and the Arians in the East. 235

The middle party in the Eastern Church

Some of the Saints who belonged to that party—

S. Cyril of Jerusalem

S. Basil the Great.

S. Eusebius of Samosata.

S. Meletius of Antioch

ib.

LECTURE VIII.

THE RELATION OF THE CHURCH OF ANTIOCH TO THE CHURCH OF ROME

IN THE FOURTH CENTURY.-II.

The Council of Alexandria, held in 362.

The accession of Julian the Apostate brings relief to the Church

The proceedings of the Council of Alexandria

The programme of the council for the healing of the Antiochene schism
Lucifer consecrates Paulinus

The general pacification of the Church in 362, the work of S. Athanasius
rather than of Liberius

S. Athanasius reconciles the penitent Liberius

Liberius after his reconciliation helps forward the work of pacification

initiated by S. Athanasius

The leadership of Rome is not a vital element in the Church's constitution.

Appendix G.-On Sozomen's account of Liberius' fall .

Addendum to Appendix G.

258

259

261

264

265

272

ib.

274

275

287

LECTURE IX.

THE RELATION OF THE CHURCH OF ANTIOCH TO THE CHURCH OF ROME

IN THE FOURTH CENTURY.-III.

From the death of Julian to the death of Valens (363–378).

S. Meletius refuses to communicate with S. Athanasius

S. Athanasius then re-admits the Eustathians to his communion

S. Meletius at the Council of Antioch accepts the Nicene terminology

Liberius admits the Semi-Arians to his communion

Dorotheus' first mission to the West.

The Council of Rome (December, 371).

The Easterns send a second letter to the West by Sabinus

Damasus returns this letter, unanswered, by the hands of Evagrius

288

289

291

293

297

299

301

303

The Easterns send a third letter to the West by Dorotheus and Sanctissimus 305

The Council of Rome, held in the summer of 374.

S. Jerome writes to Damasus in 375 from the desert of Chalcis

Vitalis goes to Rome, and tries to get himself recognized

Damasus sends letters of communion to Paulinus

308

S. Basil holds that Damasus "has defrauded of his due the bishop of the true

Church of God, Meletius"

315

321

S. Basil continues to communicate with S. Meletius, and to reject Paulinus 322

The Easterns send a fourth letter to the West by Dorotheus and

Sanctissimus