ants, and proportion of contribution in 1783, 82.
Desires to contine Virginia within the Alleghany,
93. Appoints delegates to the convention at An-
napolis, 115. Refuses to send delegates to the
Federal Convention, 118. Letter from, to the
Convention, 125. Proportion of representation
in the House of Representatives before a census,
129, 288, 290, 293, 316, 559. Proportion of repre-
sentation in the Senate before a census, 129.
Proportion of electors of President, 287, 288.
Opinions there on Federal Constitution, 567.
RICE, 89.

ROADS, establishment of post and military, by
Congress, 130, 434, 560. Regulation of stages on
them, 440, 441. Plans in regard to, 446.

RUSH, JACOB, 11.

RUSSIA renews her mediation for general peace, 1.
RUTLEDGE, JOHN, represents South Carolina in
Congress, 1. Voted for as President, 1. Remarks
on Court of Appeals, under the Confederation, 2.
Proposes to give to military commanders authori-
ty to retaliate for violations of laws of war, 3.
Urges more precision in the orders of Congress to
the executive departments, 4. Views on a valu-
ation of lands as basis of taxation, 5, 40, 45.
Proposes conditional exchange of Cornwallis for
Colonel H. Laurens, 7. Urges adjustment of a
plan of revenue, 13. Opposes salvage for recap-
tures on land, 18. Proposes to exempt American
commissioners from control of France, 18.
Wishes to adhere to rule of proportioning taxa-
tion, as fixed by the Confederation, 21, 25.
Appointed to confer with superintendent of
finance on arrears of army, 24. Proposes that
the negotiations in regard to confiscations and
British debts should be made public, 26. Objects
to a general land tax by Congress, 34, 37. Views
on general system of revenue, 40. Proposes that
states shall be credited with duties they collect,
41. Remarks on export of tobacco by authority
of Congress, 48. Proposes valuation of land be
made by Commissioners appointed by states, 48.
Proposes military force to retake goods seized
while under passport, 50. Proposes to appropri-

creased, 390, 391. Views on the term of citizen-
ship for members of Congress, 400, 412. Objects
to Congress altering the state regulations relative
to the election of members of Congress, 401.
Objects to Congress fixing the qualifications of
its own members, 404. Wishes a specific enu-
meration of the powers of Congress, 139, 317.
Objects to the exclusive power of the representa-
tives over money bills, 419. His views relative
to the provisions about slaves, 457. Approves of
the prohibition on Congress to pass attainders
and ex post facto laws, 463. Opposes a negative
in Congress on the state laws, 468. Objects to a
removal of the judges on application of the
legislature, 481. Objects to any suspension of
the writ of habeas corpus, 484. Proposes to
prohibit the states from passing attainders or
retrospective laws, 485. Opposes a provision
requiring two thirds to pass a navigation act, 491.
Opposes any national judiciary that is not merely
appellate, 158. Objects to the judges forming a
part of a council of revision, 349. Proposes the
assumption of the state debts, 440, 441. Thinks
controversies between the states should be left to
the judiciary, 471. Objects to a division of the
territory of a state without its consent, 494.
Thinks two thirds of the Senate should be re-
quired to make a treaty, 527. Requires that a
motion be made that amendments of the Consti-
tution shall not affect the stipulation in regard to
slaves, 532. Prefers to submit the Constitution
to the Congress of the Confederation, but not to
require their assent to it, 534. Signs the Consti-
tution, 565.

ate impost to pay army first, 51, 52. Proposes a
tariff of specific duties, 51. Dissatisfied with
report of superintendent of finance, 67. Remarks
on conduct of commissioners at Paris, 68, 75.
Opposes including expenses received by states in
provision for public debt, 78. Remarks on pro-
portion of freemen to slaves in fixing contribu-
tions of states, 79. Advocates suspension of
hostilities, 79. Remarks on completing cessions
of public lands, 87. Delegate to Federal Conven-
tion, from South Carolina, 106. Attends the
Federal Convention, 123. Seconds proposal of
Gen. Washington as President, 123. Opposes
an adjournment of the Convention without
adopting some plan, 318. Prefers a single execu-
tive, 140, 149. Thinks power of war and peace
should not be given to the President, 140. Pro-
poses an election of the President by the Senate,
144. Opposed to the President appointing the
judges, 155. Prefers the election of the President
by the national legislature, 338, 512. Wishes a
property qualification for the executive, judiciary,
and legislature, 403. Proposes that the ballot in
Congress for the President be joint, 472.
poses a representation of states in the Senate
according to their importance, 174. Proposes
that senators shall have no pay, 187. Proposes
an election of the representatives by the state
legislatures, 160, 223. Wishes representation in
the House of Representatives to be proportioned to
contribution, 178, 181, 279. In favor of biennial
elections of representatives, 183. Desires ineligi-
bility of representatives to office, 233. Wishes
representation to be according to property, as well
as numbers, 279, 297. Proposes a periodical cen-
sus, 279. Opposes too large a number in the
House of Representatives, 293. Wishes it to be
provided distinctly that Congress shall meet
annually, 385. Desires that the term of neces-
sary residence of a representative should be in-

Nominations

sentatives after a census, 131. Ought not to be
chosen by the people, 137. To be nominated by
the state legislatures, 137, 139., Number of mem-
bers before a census, 129. Number of members,
129, 138, 166, 181, 256, 356, 377. Number from
each state, 138, 356, 376, 377, 559. States to be
represented in, according to their importance,
174. Ought to represent the states in proportion
to their property, 260, 276. Equal representation
of the states in it, 131, 166, 178, 181, 219, 250,
261, 274, 285, 310, 317, 376, 377, 396, 415, 416,
559. Represents the states in their political
character, 415. Its aristocratic character, 422.
Ought to be much smaller than the House of
Representatives, 138. To be a restraint on ex-
cesses of democracy, 138. Representation of the
states in it to be proportional, 138, 190, 233.
Vacancies to be supplied by the state executives,
395, 559. Age of its members, 127, 129, 186, 189,
241, 375, 377, 559. Qualifications of its members,
127, 129, 189, 241, 247, 370, 375, 377, 398, 402,
559. Compensation of its members, 127, 190, 246,
271, 375, 378, 560. Ineligibility of its members
to office, 127, 130, 190, 247, 375, 378, 420, 503,
505, 560. Reelection of its members, 127. To
choose the President, 144, 507, 508, 509, 512, 513.
To consist of persons of wealth and influence,
166. Ought to be able to resist encroachments
of the executive, 186. Its duration should be for
life, or during good behavior, 203, 205. (APPEN-

DIX, No. 5, p. 585.) To have a property qualifica-
tion, 247, 272. Not to be ineligible to state
offices, 247. Their liability to impeachment,
343. Their incapacity to be electors of President,
343, 562. Vote in it per capita, 356, 377, 397,
559. To have such property qualification as
Congress shall provide, 377, 402. Previous term
of citizenship required, 377, 398, 559. To be
separately convened by the President, 530, 553.
Term of senators, 127, 129, 170, 185, 190, 203,
215, 241, 375, 377, 559. Whether the yeas and
nays shall be required there, 407. To consent to
pardons by the President, 480. Cannot adjourn
beyond a certain period, or to another place,
without the assent of the House of Representa-
tives, 130, 378, 560. May require the opinion of
the judges, 445. Vote in balloting for the Presi-
dent, 472. To be divided into classes, 129, 241,
245, 270, 375, 377, 398, 559. To choose its offi-
cers, 129, 377, 401, 559. Majority a quorum, 130,
377. Its privileges, 130, 378, 445, 500. To keep
and publish a Journal, 130, 378, 407, 408, 560.
May originate acts, 127. Their power as to
money bills, 129, 188, 375, 377, 394, 410, 415, 560.
To try impeachments, 462, 507, 528, 529, 534,
559. May repass acts returned by the President,
130, 378, 560. Its general legislative power, 130,
205, 378, 379, 408. To declare war, 131, 438.
To make treaties, 131, 205, 245, 379, 428, 524,
526, 562. To appoint ambassadors, 131, 379, 467,
562. To appoint judges, 131, 156, 328, 379, 467,
562. Joined with the President in appointments,
131, 205, 328, 330, 349, 507, 523, 562. To decide
controversies between the states about territory
or jurisdiction, 131, 379. Vice-President to pre-
side over it, 507, 522, 559. Their president to
fill the vacancy in the Presidency, 131, 380, 473,
507, 520, 562. First election of, under the new
Constitution, 381, 592.

SEPARATION of the Union, 206.
SERGEANTS, mutinous conduct of, 91, 92, 93, 94.
SHAYS'S INSURRECTION, 94, 119, 126.
SHELBURNE, LORD, sincerity doubted, 74.
SHERMAN, ROGER, attends the Federal Con-
vention. 132. Objects to the Constitution de-
viating too much from the Confederation, 133,
252. Wishes all the powers of government left
to the states, that are not absolutely needed for
the ends of the Union, 161. Disapproves of an
unnecessary interference with the Southern
States on the subject of slaves, 457, 461, 477.
Prefers the legislative power remaining in a
Congress, 218. Wishes a committee to suggest
some plan of compromise between the large

Pro

and small states relative to representation, 270
Wishes daily prayers in the Convention, 254.
Objects to any discrimination in the representa-
tion of the new and old states, 310, 492. Suggests
the number of the executive to be fixed from
time to time by the legislature, 140. Views on
the election of the President, 142, 322, 472, 508,
513, 516, 519. Wishes executive to be reëligible,
142. Proposes three years as the executive term,
142. Advocates a removal of the President by
the legislature, 142. Prefers a single executive,
150. Opposes an absolute negative in the execu-
tive, 152, 430. Wishes an executive council,
150. Thinks the President's power of appoint-
ment should be limited by law, 474. Oppose
an executive during good behavior, 325.
poses one senator from each state, 138, 178. Ad-
vocates the election of senators by the state
legislatures, 166, 169. Wishes the consent of the
Senate required in pardons by the executive, 480.
Advocates an equal vote of the states in the
Senate, 178, 181. Proposes five years as the
senatorial term, 186. Proposes six years as the
senatorial term, 241. Wishes a rotation in the
Senate, 241. Wishes the judges appointed by
the Senate, 328, 329. Views as to the Senate
being joined in the treaty power, 523, 526. Ap
proves of the Vice-President being president of
the Senate, 522. Advocates election of repre-
sentatives by the states, 135, 161. Advocates
representation in the House of Representatives
in proportion to the number of inhabitants, 178,
297. In favor of annual election of representa-
tives, 183, 225. Prefers an election of representa-
tives by the state legislatures, 223. Prefers a
payment of the representatives by the state legis-
iatures, 227, 426. Objects to making the repre-
sentatives ineligible to state offices, 233. Prefera
making representatives ineligible to national
offices, 231, 423, 505. Objects to making the
number of representatives very large, 292. Thinks
that the time of annual meeting of Congress
should be fixed, 384. His reasons for introducing
slaves into the ratio of representation, 392, 393.
Objects to requiring the yeas and nays in Con-
gress, 407. Thinks the publication of the Journal
should be left to the discretion of Congress, 408.
Thinks there is full liberty to make a discrimi-
nation between natives and foreigners as mem-
bers of Congress, 412. Objects to reduce the
ratio of representation, 530. Remarks on the
negative of Congress on state laws, 172, 468.
Views on the power of the general government
over the militia, 444, 480. Desires an absolute
prohibition on the states in regard to paper
money, 485. Views on prohibiting taxes on im-
ports or exports by the states, 486. Objects to a
public provision for delivering up fugitive slaves,
487. Objects to requiring more than a majority
to pass a navigation act, 489. Opposes exclusive
right of the House in regard to money hills, 189.
Objects to fixing a rule of taxation before a cen-
sus, 307. Thinks that in votes by ballot there
should be a mutual negative in each House, 389.
Wishes a tax on exports prohibited, 433. Ap
proves of Congress assuming the state debts, 441,
452. Proposes the appointment of judges by the
legislature, 188. Opposes a national judiciary
that is not appellate, 159. Thinks there is a dis-
tinction between treason against the United
States and the individual states, 450. Objects
to the judiciary trying impeachments, 529.
jects to interference of judges in legislation, 430.
Objects to a general bankrupt law, 504. Desires
a provision in regard to armies during peace, 511.
Thinks any positive prohibition of a religious
test unnecessary, 498. Thinks that amendments
of the Constitution should be assented to by the
several states, 531. Prefers to submit the Con-
stitution to the Congress of the Confederation,
but not to require their assent, 533. Views on
the mode of ratifying the Constitution, 498, 499,
500. Signs the Constitution, 564.

Ob-

SHIPS OF WAR, not to be kept by states during
peace, 131, 381, 561.

SLAVERY, 391, 392, 457, 477.

SLAVES. See NEGROES. Debates in regard to
their exclusion in fixing quota of taxes, 46, 48,
79, 81, 82. Those taken by British, to be deliv-
ered, 88, 91. Three fifths of, included in ratio of
representation, 181, 190, 192, 281, 288, 316, 375,
377, 379, 559. To be included in an apportion-
ment of representation according to numbers,
290, 301, 316, 391. Three fifths to be included in
ratio of direct taxation, 304, 305, 316, 375, 377,
391, 559. Provision in regard to their emancipa-
tion, 357, 487. Power of Congress to tax or pro-
hibit their migration or importation, 379, 457, 471,
477, 532, 561. Compromise between the North-
ern and Southern States relative to, 460, 471, 532.
Fugitive, to be delivered up, 487, 492, 563.
SMALL STATES contend for equal vote in Con-
gress, 111.

SMITH, MERIWETHER, appointed a delegate
to the convention at Annapolis, 113.

SMITH, THOMAS, represents Pennsylvania in
Congress, 1.

SOLDIERS. See ARMY; MILITARY.

SOUTH CAROLINA, her delegates in Congress,
November, 1782, 1. Interested in general reve-
nue, 60. Number of inhabitants, and proportion
of contribution, in 1783, 82. Votes for Mr. Bland
as President, Í. Adopts exclusive commercial
regulations, 119. Proceedings in regard to Federal
Convention, 106. Sends delegates to the Fed-
eral Convention, 123. Opinions there on Fed-
eral Constitution, 571. Proportion of representa-
tion in the House of Representatives before a
census, 129, 288, 290, 316, 559. Proportion of
representation in the Senate before a census, 129.
Proposal to increase its proportion of representa-
tion, 290. Proportion of electors of President,
338, 339, 562.

SOVEREIGNTY, Mr. Madison's remarks on that
of states and Union, 107. Jealousies of the
states about it, 127. How far it should be given
up, 176, 177, 193, 194, 197, 201, 205, 212, 220, 240,
248. The people attached to that of the states,
200. How far it is retained and yielded by the
states, 212, 220, 224, 248, 259, 269, 270. The
effect of the separation from Great Britain upon
it, 213, 217. Of the states represented in the
Senate, 415. Of the states in cases of treason,
448.

Pro-

SPAIGHT, RICHARD D., attends the Federal
Convention, 123. Proposes rules to regulate dis
cussions of Convention, 125. Urges the election
of the Senate by the state legislatures, 137.
poses seven years for the senatorial term, 186.
In favor of reconsidering the decision, to choose
the President by electors appointed by the state
legislatures, 357. Objects to requiring more than
a majority to pass a navigation act, 490. Sug-
gests seven years for the executive term, 518.
Signs the Constitution, 565.

SPAIN, negotiations with her, 68, 71, 74, 76, 97.
Shows more favorable disposition, 1. Amount
loaned by her, 82. Property of, seized, 99, 100.
Her views in regard to western territory and the
Mississippi, 97, 100, 101, 102, 105.

SPARTA, 197, 236, 252, 430.

SPEAKER, to be a member of the executive coun-
cil, 462. To fill the vacancy in the Presidency,
131, 380. To be elected by the representatives,
377,559.

SPEECH, freedom of, 130, 378, 560.

SPRINGFIELD, 97.

STADTHOLDER, his intrigues to increase his
power, 154.

STAGES, regulation of, on post-roads, 440, 441.
STAMPS, duties to be laid by Congress, 191.
STANDARD of weights and measures may be
fixed by Congress, 130, 378, 434, 560.
STATE, council of, 446. Secretary of, 446.

STATES, (UNDER THE CONFEDERA

T.

nue system can only be made by mi
modation, 111. Will not pay their que
112. Settlement with troops temporar
6. Redeeming paper money beyond
to be credited, 8, 14. Objections t
them through the commander-in-t
their making the valuation which
basis of taxation, 21, 24, 46, 47,
ceedings in regard to confiscatio
debts, 26. Their rights not affect
raising a general revenue, 36, 55.
45, 62, 88. Their mutual jealouste
of Mr. Madison for fixing their
revenue, funding their debts, and
system of public lands, 59, 77.
office debt of each state, 59.
of contributions according to whites
79. Eastern and New York propos
convention, 81. Their number of
and proportion of contributions in
Mode of adjusting their debts, 86.
certain states for abatements in their
ment, 58, 63, 77. Operation of treati
98. Settlement of their accounts, 9
of, required in vote to suspend the
Mississippi, 104. Their inf
treaty, 119. Address of Congres
sity of harmony and yielding local cen
111. Keep troops and make compa
consent of Congress, 119, 120. Viola
by their internal administration, 120,
ousy between each other, 127, 220, 256
on Congress, 127, 172, 200, 217, 21
culties in their adopting the Cont
Differ as to suffrage in the Confed
Differ in regard to public lands in th
tion, 112. Violate treaties of the
tion, 119, 126. Differ in regard to
ports in the Confederation, 112,
conflicting commercial regulation
Confederation, 113, 119, 126. Fi
gates to the Convention at Annou
except Rhode Island send delegat
eral Convention, 118. Proceedings "
a Federal Convention, 96, 106, 14,
Their sovereignty, how far affe ed
eral Constitution, 107. Their suffrage
Federal Constitution discussed, 107, 1
proceedings in regard to the new F
stitution, 570, 572, 573.

ons

T.

TAXATION, mode of valuation as basis of it, 21.
Amount borne by United States, 32. Different
modes of, 38, 39, 55, 64, 77. Difficulties in regard
to, under the Confederation, 112. Proportion of
suffrage in the legislature to be regulated by, 127,
130, 375, 377, 379. To be laid and collected by
Congress, 130, 378, 462, 560. Not to be laid on
exports, 130, 379, 432, 454, 561. Capitation to be
in proportion to number of inhabitants ascer-
tained by census, 130, 379, 391, 559. Direct, to
be in proportion to number of inhabitants ascer-
tained by census, 130, 316, 375, 379, 559. Direct,
to be in proportion to representation, 302, 310,
375, 379, 391, 559. Direct, to be in proportion to
the free inhabitants and three fifths of the slaves,
304, 305, 316, 375, 377, 379, 559. Proportion of,
before a census, 306, 307, 316, 451, 453, 559. On
the migration or importation of slaves, 379, 457,
471, 477, 561. Means of direct taxation, 451.
Proposal to raise it by requisitions, 453. Com-
promise between the Northern and Southern
States as to that on exports, navigation, and
slaves, 460, 471. To be laid only to pay debts
and necessary expenses, 462, 469, 560. Capita-
tion, 130, 379, 470. On navigation, 130, 379, 461,
470. To be uniform among the states, 478, 484,
489, 502, 543, 560.

TEMPLE, SIR W., 175.

TEMPLE, MR., admission of, as British consul,
101.

TENURE, of the judiciary, 128, 131, 156, 190, 205,
369, 376, 380, 563. Of the executive, 128, 142,
149, 190, 325, 327, 334, 338, 363, 365, 369, 375, 380,
472, 507, 512, 562.

TENDER, none to be authorized by the states but
gold and silver, 131, 381, 484, 561. Bills of credit
not to be made one, 434, 435, 561.

TERM, of the executive, 128, 142, 149, 190, 205,
325, 327, 334, 338, 363, 365, 369, 375, 380, 472, 507,
512, 562. Of residence and citizenship of the
President, 462, 562. Of the Senate, 127, 129, 185,
190, 205, 241, 375, 377, 559. Of the representa-
tives, 127, 129, 183, 189, 205, 224, 375, 377, 558.
Of residence and citizenship for members of
Congress, 379, 389, 398, 411, 559. Of the judi-
ciary, 128, 131, 156, 190, 205, 369, 376, 380, 563.
Of census, 301, 375, 379, 559.

TERRITORY. See LANDS, PUBLIC. Expense of
their government, 92. Discontent in regard to
Spain and the Mississippi, 101, 107. That of
each state guarantied, 128, 157, 182, 190. De-
cision of controversies about, between the states,
131, 379, 471, 493, 497. Regulation of, by Con-
gress, 439, 493, 564.

TEST of religion not to be required, 446, 498, 564.
TITLE, of nobility, not to be given, 130, 131, 379,
381, 561. Of the President, 131, 380, 471. Not to
be accepted, 467, 561.

TOBACCO, exported under passports from Con-
gress, 43, 47. Virginia opposes the right to grant
them, 43, 47.

TORIES, stipulations concerning, in provisional
articles, 88, 89.

TRADE. See IMPOST; NAVIGATION. Reciprocal,
with Britain and West Indies, 19. Treaties in
regard to, ought to be carefully considered, 85.
Convention at Annapolis to regulate it, 113. Be-
tween the states, under the Confederation, 115,
118, 119. Regulation of, by Congress, 130, 191,
378, 478, 560. Between the states, 478, 484, 489,
502, 539, 545, 548, 552. With the Indians, 439,
462, 507, 560.

TREASON, members of Congress may be arrested
for, 138, 378, 560. Definition and punishment
of, 130, 379, 447, 563. President to be removed
for, 131, 380, 480, 528, 563. Pardon in cases of,

535.

TREASURER may be appointed by Congress by
ballot, 130, 378, 436, 542.

TREATY, commercial one with Dutch, 27, 38, 119.
Commercial one with Sweden, 12. With Austria
proposed, 52. Preliminary articles with Great
Britain negotiated and signed, 65, 68, 73, 74, 105.
Secret article relative to Florida and Spain, 65,
67, 68, 71, 72, 73, 74. Commercial, with Russia
proposed, 84, 89. Provisional articles ratified by
Congress, 86. Commercial, with the British, 88,
101. With Spain, relative to boundaries and the
Mississippi, 98. Operation of, on the states under
the Confederation, 99, 119, 126. Infractions of
British treaty, 119, 120, 126. Violations of, by
the states during the Confederation, 119, 127.
Infractions of that with France, 119. President
to have an agency in them, 469. To be made by
the Senate, 131, 205, 245, 379, 428, 469. To be
made by the President, with the advice of the
Senate, 205, 507, 522, 562. Not to be made by
the states, 131. To be the supreme law, 131,
192, 322, 375, 379, 467, 478, 483, 564. To be en-
forced by Congress, 130, 192, 379, 467. Ratifica-
tion of them, 469, 507, 524. The power of the
Senate in regard to, 131, 205, 245, 379, 428, 469,
508, 524, 526, 562. Laws of states contravening
them to be negatived by Congress, 127, 190.
Plans of, to be prepared by the secretary of for-
eign affairs, 446. Not to be published in the
Journal of the Senate, 408. How far they are to
be considered as laws, 382, 483. Between the
states without consent of Congress, 208, 381.
Between the states and the Indians, 208. Be-
tween the states not sufficient for a union, 132,
206. Effect of their violation on the rights of the
parties, 207.

TRENTON, Congress adjourns to meet there, 94.
TRIAL, to be in the state where the crime is com-
mitted, 131, 381, 484, 563. Of impeachments,
462, 484, 507, 528, 529, 534, 559.

TROOPS not to be kept by states during peace,
131, 381, 445, 548, 561.

TRUMBULL, JONATHAN, nominated as secre
tary of foreign affairs, 91.

TUCKER, ST. GEORGE, appointed to convention
at Annapolis, 113, 114.

TYLER, MR., proposes the appointment of dele-
gates to the convention at Annapolis, 114.

U.

UNIFORMITY, of commercial regulations, the ob
ject of the convention at Annapolis, 113, 114.
As to bankruptcy and naturalization needed dur
ing the Confederation, 120. Of regulations rela
tive to trade between the states, 478, 484, 489,
502, 540, 545, 548, 552. Of regulations relative
to bankruptcy, 488, 503, 504, 560.

UNION, a more lasting one than that of the Con-
federation desired, 111, 116, 117. Commercial
regulations necessary to preserve it, 113. Endan
gered by conflicting regulations of the states, 113
Gloomy prospects of, in 1787, 119, 120. Division
of, desired by some, 96, 120. Its dangerous situ-
ation in 1787, 127. Merely federal, not sufficient,
132. To be divided into senatorial districts, 138.
Objects of it, 161. How to be dissolved, 206. Its
nature, 207. Necessity of it, 210, 255, 257,258,
276. Proposed, by throwing the states into one
mass, and dividing them anew, 194, 202, 211.
UNITED STATES, government to be so styled,
129, 377, 382, 559. To form a corporation, 446.
Treason against them, as distinguished from that
against the individual states, 448.

UNITY of the executive, 140, 149, 150, 165, 190,
192, 197, 322, 358, 375, 380, 471, 562.
UNIVERSITY, establishment of, by Congress,
130, 440, 544.