1787.] APPENDIX TO THE DEBATES. Houses, shall be privileged from arrest, except for crimes, and breaches of the peace. The place of meeting shall always be at the seat of government, which shall be fixed" by law. Sec. 6. The laws of the United States, and the treaties which have been made under the Articles of the Confederation, and which shall be made under this Constitution, shall be the supreme law of the land, and shall be so construed by the courts of the several states. Sec. 7. The legislature shall convene at least once in each year; which, unless otherwise provided for by law, shall be on the first Monday in December. Sec. 8. The members of the two Houses of the legislature shall receive a reasonable compensation for their services, to be paid out of the treasury of the United States, and ascertained by law. The law for making such provision shall be passed with the concurrence of the first assembly, and shall extend to succeeding assemblies; and no suc ceeding assembly shall concur in an alteration of such provision so as to increase its own compensation; but there shall be always a law in existence for making such provision. ART. VIII. Sec. 1. The governor or president of each state shall be appointed under the authority of the United States, and shall have a right to negative all laws about to be passed in the state of which he shall be governor or president, subject to such qual ifications and regulations as the legislature of the United States shall prescribe. He shall in other respects have the same powers only which the constitution of the state does, or shall, allow to its governor or president, except as to the appointment of officers of the militia. Sec. 2. Each governor or president of a state shall hold his office until a successor be actually appointed, unless he die or resign, or be removed from office by conviction on impeachment. There shall be no appointment of such governor or president in the recess of the Senate. The governors and presidents of the several states, at the time of the ratification of this Constitution, shall continue in office in the same manner and with the same powers as if they had been appointed pursuant to the first section of this article. The officers of the militia in the several states may be appointed under the authority of the United States; the legislature whereof may authorize the governors or presidents of states to make such appointments, with such restrictions as they shall think proper. ART. IX. Sec. 1. No person shall be eligible to the office of President of the United States, unless he be now a citizen of one of the states, or hereafter be born a citizen of the United States. Sec. 2. No person shall be eligible as a senator or representative unless, at the time of his election, he be a citizen and inhabitant of the state in which he is chosen; provided, that he shall not be deemed to be disqualified by a temporary absence from the state. Sec. 3. No person entitled by this Constitution to elect, or to be elected, President of the United States, or a senator or representative in the legislature thereof, shall be disqualified but by the conviction of some offence for which the law shall have previously ordained the punishment of disqualification. But the legislature may by law provide that persons holding offices under the United States, or either of them, shall not be eligible to a place in the Assembly or Senate, and shall be during their continuance in office suspended from sitting in the Senate. Sec. 4. No person having an office or place of trust under the United States, shall, without permission of the legislature, accept any present, emolument, office, or title, from any foreign prince or state. Sec. 5. The citizens of each state shall be entitled to the rights, privileges, and immunities of citizens in every other state; and full faith and credit shall be given, in each state, to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of another. Sec. 6. Fugitives from justice from one state, who shall be found in another, shall be delivered up, on the application of the state from which they fled. Sec. 7. No new state shall be erected within the limits of another, or by the junction of two or more states, without the concurrent consent of the legislatures of the United States, and of the states concerned. The legislature of the United States may admit new states into the Union. Sec. 8. The United States are hereby declared to be bound to guaranty to each state a republican form of government; and to protect each state as well against domestic violence as foreign invasion. Sec. 9. All treaties, contracts, and engagements of the United States of America, under the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, shall have equal validity under this Constitution. Sec. 10. No state shall enter into a treaty, alliance, or contract with another, or with a foreign power, without the consent of the United States. 50 Sec. 11. The members of the legislature of the United States and of each state, and all officers, executive and judicial, of the one and of the other, shall take an oath, or affirmation, to support the Constitution of the United States. Sec. 12. This Constitution may receive such alterations and amendments as may be proposed by the legislature of the United States, with the concurrence of two thirds of the members of both Houses, and ratified by the legislatures of, or by conventions of deputies chosen by the people in two thirds of the states composing the Union. ART. X.-This Constitution shall be submitted to the consideration of conventions in the several states, the members whereof shall be chosen by the people of such states, respectively, under the direction of their respective legislatures. Each convention which shall ratify the same, shall appoint the first representatives and senators from such state according to the rule prescribed in the section of the article. The representatives so appointed shall continue in office for one year only. Each convention so ratifying shall give notice thereof to the Congress of the United States, transmitting at the same time a list of the representatives and senators chosen. When the Constitution shall have been duly ratified, Congress shall give notice of a day and place for the meeting of the senators and representatives from the several states; and when these, or a majority of them, shall have assembled according to such notice, they shall by joint ballot, by plurality of votes, elect a President of the United States; and the Constitution thus organized shall be carried into effect Secret Journals of Congress, (Domestic Affairs,) 27th November, 1782, vol. 1, p. 245. Journal of Assembly of New Jersey, 1782, p. 10. Journal of Council of New Jersey, 1782, p. 7. The instructions of the legislature of New Jersey, after undergoing much discussion and alteration, were passed on the 1st November, 1782, in the following form: "To the Honorable Elias Boudinot, John Witherspoon, Abraham Clark, Jonathan Elmer, and Silas Condict, Esquires, delegates representing this state in the Congress of the United States. "GENTLEMEN,Application having been made to the legislature for instructions on the important subject of dispute subsisting between the states of New York, New Hampshire, and the people on the New Hampshire Grants, styling themselves the state of Vermont, which is under the consideration of Congress, they are of opinion, (as far as they have documents to direct their inquiry,) that as the competency of Congress was deemed full and complete at the passing of the resolutions of the 7th and 20th of August, 1781, (each of those states having made an absolute reference of the dispute to their final arbitrament,) those acts may be supposed to be founded on strict justice and propriety, nine states having agreed to the measure, and that great regard ought to be had to every determination of Congress, where no new light is thrown upon the subject, or weighty matters occur to justify a reversion of such their decision; and more especially, as it appears that the people on the New Hampshire Grants have, by an act of their legislature, on the 22d of February last, in every instance complied with the preliminaries stated as conditional to such guaranty. "The legislature, taking up this matter upon general principles, are further of opinion, that Congress, considered as the sovereign guardians of the United States, ought at all times to prefer the general safety of the common cause to the particular separate interest of any individual state, and when circumstances may render such a measure expedient, it ought certainly to be adopted. "The legislature know of no disposition in Congress to attempt to reduce the said people to allegiance by force; but should that be the case, they will not consent to the sending any military force into the said territory to subdue the inhabitants to the obedience and subjection of the state or states that claim their allegiance. "They disclaim every idea of imbruing their hands in the blood of their fellow-citizens, or entering into a civil war among themselves, at all times; but more especially at so critical a period as the present, conceiving such a step to be highly inpolitic and dangerous. "You are, therefore, instructed to govern yourselves in the discussion of this business by the aforesaid opinions, as far as they may apply there to." Secret Journal of Congress, (Foreign Affairs,) 3d December, 1782, vol. 3, p. 255. Diplomatic Correspondence, (First Series,) 2d December, 1782, vol. 11, p. 282. Public Journals of Congress, 5th December, 1782, vol. 4, p. 112. Washington's Writings, vol. 8, p. 382. NOTE 6, PAGE 11. Public Journals of Congress, 4th December, 1782, vol. 4, p. 111. Minutes of Assembly of Pennsylvania for 1782, pp. 663, 672, 675, 733: the Memorials appear at large in the Minutes. NOTE 7, PAGE 16. Public Journals of Congress, 6th December, 1782, vol. 4, p. 114; 12th December, 1782, vol. 4, p. 118; 18th December, 1782, vol. 4, p. 120; 20th December, 1782, vol. 4, p. 123; 31st December, 1782, vol. 4, p. 127; 2d January, 1783, vol. 4, p. 128; 14th January, 1783, vol. 4, p. 142. Secret Journals of Congress, (Domestic Affairs,} 3d January, 1783, vol. 1, p. 246. Diplomatic Correspondence, (First Series,) 4th January, 1783, vol. 11, p. 291. The Providence Gazette, 2d November, 1782; the Boston Gazette, 10th November, 1782. See Debates below, pp. 20, 80. NOTE 8, PAGE 19. Diplomatic Correspondence, (First Series,) 12th October, 1782, vol. 4, p. 25; 18th September, 1782, vol. 8, p. 125; 13th October, 1782, vol. 8, p. 128; vol. 8, pp. 163, 208; 4th January, 1783, vol. 8, p. 215; 10th July, 1783, vol. 7, p. 67; 22d July, 1783, vol. 4, p. 138. Life of John Jay, vol. 1, pp. 145, 490. North American Review, vol. 30, No. 66, p. 17; vol. 33, No. 73, p. 475. See Debates below, p. 77. NOTE 9, PAGE 26. Secret Journals of Congress, (Domestic Affairs,) 17th January, 1783, vol. 1, p. 253. NOTE 10, PAGE 27. The first of these letters is dated "23d September, 1782;" Diplomatic Correspondence, (First Series,) 23d September, 1782, vol. 6, p. 416; 8th October, 1782, vol. 6, p. 432. Public Journals of Congress, 23d January, 1783, vol. 4, p. 144. Secret Journals of Congress, (Foreign Affairs,) 23d January, 1783, vol. 3, p. 289. See Debates be low, pp. 27, 38. NOTE 11, PAGE 29. Public Journals of Congress, 24th January, 1783, vol. 4, p. 151; 20th February, 1783, vol. 4, p. 165. Public Journals of Congress, 30th January, 1783, vol. 4, p. 153. Diplomatic Correspondence, (First Series,) 24th January, 1783, vol. 12, p. 325. NOTE 12, PAGE 31. Public Journals of Congress, 25th January, 1783, 64, (being a volume containing the official letters of vol. 4, p. 152. Diplomatic Correspondence, (First Series,) 4th December, 1782, vol. 4, p. 46; vol. 6, p. 464; 12th December, 1782, vol. 8, p. 214; 14th December, 1782, vol. 10, p. 117; 21th December, 1782, vol. 2, p. 484; 30th December, 1782, vol. 11, p. 146. Franklin's Works, (Sparks's edition,) vol. 9, pp. 435, 457. See Debates below, 26th March, 1783, p. 76. Life of Gouverneur Morris, vol. 1, pp. 244, 248. NOTE 16, PAGE 67. See Diplomatic Correspondence, (First Series,) 17th March, 1783, vol. 12, p. 339. NOTE 17, PAGE 73. Public Journals of Congress, 25th January, 1783, vol. 4, p. 152; 25th February, 1783, vol. 4, p. 166; 22d March, 1783, vol. 4, p. 178; 29th April, 1783, vol. 4, p. 206. Diplomatic Correspondence, (First Series,) 15th October, 1782, vol. 12, p. 279; 17th October, 1782, vol. 12, p. 283; 21st October, 1782, vol. 12, p. 286; 10th January, 1783, vol. 10, p. 20; 15th May, 1783, vol. 12, p. 362. Secret Journals of Congress, (Domestic Affairs,) 20th February, 1783, vol. 1, p. 254. Washington's Writings, 20th October, 1782, vol. 8, p. 353; 14th December, 1782, vol. 8, p. 369; 30th January, 1783, vol. 8, p. 376; 4th March, 1783, vol. 4, p. 388; 12th March, 1783, vol. 8, pp. 392, 393; 18th March, 1783, vol. 8, p. 396; 18th March, 1783, vol. 8, p. 400; 19th March, 1783, vol. 8, p. 403. Life of General Greene, vol. 2, chap. 19. Life of Gouverneur Morris, vol. 1, chap. 15, p. 250. NOTE 18, PAGE 74. Diplomatic Correspondence, (First Series,) 5th February, 1783, vol. 10, p. 28. Secret Journal of Congress, (Foreign Affairs,) 24th March, 1783, vol. 3, p. 320. NOTE 19, PAGE 77. See Debates above, p. 19. Secret Journals of Congress, (Foreign Affairs,) 6th to 15th June, 1781, vol. 2, p. 424 to 426; 24th September to 4th October, 1782, vol. 3, p. 218 to 250; 3d January, 1783, vol. 3, p. 269; vol. 3, p. 338. Diplomatic Correspondence, (First Series,) vol. 4, p. 55 to 58; p. 84; p. 137; p. 163; p. 339; vol. 6, pp. 445, 467: vol. 7, pp. 63, 67; vol. 10, pp. 75, 98, 105, 115, 119, 130, 138; vol. 11, pp. 155, 309. Franklin's Works, (Sparks's edition,) vol. 9, p. 452. In the Archives of the Department of State, No. the governors of Rhode Island addressed to Congress,) this letter and the resolutions of the legislature will be found. The following references will exhibit the principal proceedings of the Congress of the Confederation on the subjects of a general revenue and cessions of public land: Public Journals of Congress, 6th September, 1780, vol. 3, p. 516; 1st February, 1781, vol. 3, p. 571; 3d February, 1781, vol. 3, p. 572; 7th February, 1781, vol. 3, p. 574; 1st March, 1781, vol. 3, p. 582; 15th March, 1781, vol. July, 1781, vol. 3, p. 646; 4th October, 1781, vol. 3, 3, p. 594; 22d March, 1781, vol. 3, p. 600; 16th p. 674; 20th February, 1782, vol. 3, p. 721; 1st July, 1782, vol. 4, p. 43; 16th December, 1782, vol. 4, p. 119; 24th December, 1782, vol. 4, p. 126; 30th January, 1783, vol. 4, p. 154; 6th February, 1783, vol. 4, p. 157; 20th and 21st March, 1783, vel. 4, p. 174; 28th March, 1783, vol. 4, p. 180; 1st April, 1783, vol. 4, p. 182; 17th and 18th April, 1783, vol. 4, p. 190; 24th April, 1783, vol. 4, p. 194; 27th and 30th April, 1784, vol. 4, pp. 389, 392; 20th June, 1783, vol. 4, p. 230; 11th September, 1783, vol. 4, pp. 262, 265; 1st March, 1784, vol. 4, p. 342; 18th and 19th April, 1785, vol. 4, p. 501; 23d May, 1785, vol. 4, p. 525; 3d, 7th, and 15th February, 1786, vol. 4, pp. 614, 618; 3d March, 1786, vol. 4, p. 621; 7th July, 1786, vol. 4, p. 661; 27th July, 1786, vol. 4, p. 669; 29th September, 1786, vol. 4, p. 702; 23d October, 1786, vol. 4, p. 715; 15th July, 1788, vol. 4, p. 834. Elliot's Debates, vol. 1, p. 92. NOTE 37, PAGE 88. See Debates below, p. 90. Public Journals of Congress, 8th May, 1783, vol. 4, p. 220. Washington's Writings, 6th May, 1783, vol. 8, p. 430; Appendix, No. IX. Diplomatic Correspondence, (First Series,) 14th April, 1783, vol. 11, p. 335; 27th January, 1780, vol. 7, p. 199; 18th February, 1780, vol. 9, p. 21. There is in the Archives of the Department of State, No. 50, a volume of correspondence of Oliver Pollock, containing that with the committee on Foreign Affairs, in reference to the policy of Spain. NOTE 38, PAGE 88. See Debates below, 30th May, 1783, p. 90. NOTE 39, PAGE 88. See Debates below, p. 90. Diplomatic Correspondence, (Second Series,) vol. Washington's Writings, 24th June, 1783, vol. 8, p. 454. There is in the Archives of the Department of State, No. 38, a volume containing the letters and papers on this subject. NOTE 51, PAGE 96. Public Journals of Congress, 9th March, 1787, vol. 4, p. 725. Washington's Writings, vol. 9, pp. 207, 235, 249. Bradford's History of Massachusetts, vol. 2, p. 300; Minot's History of the Insurrection in Massachusetts. NOTE 52, PAGE 96. Public Journals of Congress, 21st February, 1787, vol. 4, p. 723. NOTE 53, PAGE 97. See Correspondence below, p. 106. NOTE 54, PAGE 98. See Debates below, pp. 100, 102, and Correspondence, p. 107. NOTE 55, PAGE 99. |