the expedition to occupy Phylè.' Siakéouvтo 'were in a position.' The form is Ionic, but was used by the Attic writers (e.g. Thucyd. 4, 33); the e being always retained in subjunctive and optative, except in the Epic form, κîтαι. Il. xix. 32. See Veitch. [The stem is κει, κεί-μαι, κοίτη, κοι-μάτω. Lat. qui-eo, ci-vi-s. Root Ki. Curtius, 145.]

562. εἴπερ ἔμελλον σωθήσεσθαι if they were to be saved. For construction of μéλw see ii. 1. 164.

563-66. ἀλλ ̓ ἕτερον ' but here is another fact. The ταξίαρχος would place a man in the ranks according to his tribe, there being one Taxiarch for each of the ten tribes. See Class. Dicty. and supra, 1. 45. aλirnply 'one polluted,' i.e. with the crime of murder. [dλiтaivo Tov 'to sin.']

568. αἱ διαλλαγαὶ πρὸς ἀλλήλους 'the mutual agreement, i.e. between the party of the city and that of Peiræus. See Appendix.

569. τὴν πομπήν the procession to the temple of Athene on the Acropolis, as a sign of all being once more united under the guardian goddess of the city (πoλoûxos).

572. συνέπεμπε τὴν πομπὴν ' was taking part in the proces- 86 sion,' cognate accus. doru, see supra, 1. 165.

574. EVTO Tà orλa 'had halted'; lit. 'grounded arms.' πρὸς ταῖς πύλαις close to the gates.

586-7. Tô Tì Buλnv od 'the fact of his having gone to Phylè.' úπoλaμßávav xpý ‘you must retort by asking him.' 589. ouk ela, see on iv. 1. 39.

595. πρoleσμlav 'statute of limitations.' See on ii. 1. 115. 599-602. κακόν τι ποιοῦντας 'as being guilty of doing some harm to people.' Séov πроσηкоν accus. absolute, see on ii. 1. 98.

604. ἐπ' αὐτοφώρῳ τῇ ἀπαγωγῇ see on iv. 1. 64.

87

608. paσrávny 'as though he were, on the one hand, liable 88 to the arrest if the words (er' auropwpw) had not been added to the writ; and yet, on the other hand, considers that their subsequent addition afforded him some loophole for escape.' s belongs to ἔνοχος ὢν. The speaker argues that whatever irregularity there was consisted in the original omission of these words, not in their subsequent addition.

other actions of his life.' äλλwv, i.e. other than the personal
wrongs of each individual.

9. TOû XOUTOû 'in the future,' genitive of the time within 93
which.' Goodwin, § 179. Cp. νυκτός, ἡμέρας, κ.τ.λ.

10. πεπραγμένα, sc. ἁμαρτήματα. ὧν attracted into the case
of an antecedent pronoun understood after èvious. Goodwin, §
153, note 1.

13. Tрòs Tous Tarépas, i.e. the speaker's father, and the
elder Alcibiades.

16-17. μe' vμŵv 'with your countenance and assistance.'
аúтòν Tιμwρησаodai 'to get full vengeance on him,' 'punish him
once for all.'
Notice the force of the aorist.

21. καθ ̓ ἕκαστον ‘in detail, opposed to ἐν κεφαλαίοις, vi.
1. 237.

22-5. εἰκὸς τοίνυν γενέσθαι ‘Now it is reasonable,
gentlemen jurors, that men acting as jurors for the first time
since the peace in a trial of this sort should be regarded not as
merely jurors, but as law-makers themselves.' voμoléтas the
Nomothetae were a select committee of the jurors for the year
appointed to revise the laws and prepare new ones when neces-
sary. Hermann, § 131. He of course here means not that the
jurymen were technically Nomothetae, but that they should
regard themselves as such practically; insomuch that now,
deciding on a case for the first time under the new régime, they
would be setting a precedent which would be really a law.

29. διαλαμβάνειν define. The sense of the word may be
seen by Demosth. 278, στήλαις διαλαβὼν τοὺς ὄρους, ‘having
marked out the boundaries by pillars.'

30. μέλλει συνοίσειν. See ii. 1. 164.

32. ἔνοχός ἐστι λειποταξίου, sc. γραφῆς ‘liable to the charge
of desertion.' In 1. 353 we have evoxos Tŷ yрapy; cf. 1. 44:
the dative is the more natural construction, but it admits of
the genitive on the analogy of other verba accusandi. Madv.
§ 61.

32-3. μάχην γὰρ οὐδεμίαν γεγονέναι. No direct indication of
the campaign referred to is given; but the facts correspond to
that of 395 B.C., in which the Athenians sent a force to
Haliartus, before the arrival of which the Spartans were

94

defeated and Lysander killed. Jebb, Att. Or. vol. i. pp. 257-8; Xen. Hell. 3, 5, 16. тòv Sè vóμov кeλeveɩv 'whereas the regulations of the law are.'

35-6. περὶ τούτου . . δικάζειν ‘that the soldiers should try such an one.' The court that tried military offences was composed of soldiers presided over by the Strategi.

37-8. ὁπόσοι ἂν στρατίᾳ 'such as fail to appear in the ranks,' i.e. as opposed to those who, though appearing, show cowardice in the battle. This offence, he contends, has nothing to do with a battle; it consists in a non-attendance on parade.

43. Thν λiklav Taúrηy either the age of the defendant,' or (more generally) 'the military age': he says TαÚTη as being well known to his hearers, and naturally suggested by the subject. The younger Alcibiades, according to Isocrates de big., § 45, was born in the year of or just before the banishment of his father, B.C. 415. He would therefore be in B.C. 395 about twenty. The military age was from the time a man became ephebus (see iv. 1. 209) to sixty.

44. καταλέξωσιν. See on iii. l. 18.

45. 8λ Tŵ vóμw i.e. to both provisions of the law,-that 95 against cowardice on the field as well as that which regarded

non-appearance.

49-50. παρέσχε . . τάξαι ‘submitted to be placed in his proper place in the ranks with the rest.' After παρέσχε must be understood ταξιάρχοις oι στρατηγοίς. For the use of παρέχειν 'to place oneself at the disposal of,' followed by active infin., see τοῖς ἰατροῖς παρέχουσι . . ἀποτέμνειν καὶ ἀποκάειν, Xen. Mem. 1, 2, 54 (L. and Sc.) Séov acc. abs. See ii. 1. 98, etc. 55. ἐάν τις ἀδοκίμαστος ἱππεύῃ (if any one serve in the cavalry without passing his scrutiny.' The cavalry was under the special charge of the Boulè, under whose auspices the scrutiny would take place. The object of it would probably be to secure that only those of the right class (тíμnua) served in it. This appropriation of cavalry service dates from the time of Solon, but seems to have been loosely observed since Pericles introduced military pay. The Knights received pay even in time of peace, which would partly account for the endeavour of men, not qualified, to be put in their ranks, as we have seen did take place [on iii. 1. 18]. See Hermann, § 152. According to Lycurgus (apud Harpocr. s.v. doxiμaola) there were three classes of officials who had to pass the scrutiny, viz. Archons, Strategi, Rhetores, -and besides them the Knights.

613-18. σώζεσθαι ‘to be acquitted.” δοκοῦσι . . ὅπου ἂν ᾖ 'but I think that the Eleven who received this arrest, not thinking at the time that they were helping Agoratus, and being strongly of opinion that Dionysius made the arrest with strict justice,-by way of forcing him to complete it, added the words ' avropúpy then or at some subsequent time.' A man summarily arrested was brought before the Eleven, and the speaker seems to mean that they considered the omission of the words ἐπ' αὐτοφώρῳ as a mere technical inaccuracy, and caused the evdeiğis to be amended by their addition. But the text is obscure. The argument, too, is fallacious, for in none but a rhetorical sense could Agoratus be said to be detected ' in the act' of murder. ds 'a man who.' See on ii. 11. 98, 153.

622. Sýπoν 'I presume,' introducing a supposition which the speaker considers manifestly absurd. Supra, 1. 349.

624. ἔκ γε τοῦ σοῦ λόγου ‘according to your argument their will be no murderer producible of the men whose death you caused.'

631-2. ὅρκων καὶ . . συνθηκῶν here refers to the oaths and 89 agreement of amnesty made finally between the party of the Peiræus and of the Asty, from which the only exceptions were to be the Thirty, and the Eleven who served under them, and the ten commissioners appointed by them to govern the Peiræus.

633. ȧywvigeraι 'he is being put on his trial.' See supra,

1. 418.

636. yoûv 'at least,' introducing a reason confirming what has just been said, see iv. 1. 143. By urging the amnesty he acknowledges his crime; at least he is always putting up technical pleas to bar proceedings.'

637. ' auтopúpw the addition of these words, as referred to above, 1. 613-8.

638. αὐτῷ δὲ τῷ πράγματι ‘but on the bare merits of his

case.

643-4. οὐδὲν ἡγοῦμαι . τοῦτον ‘I do not consider to be in point as between us and him.' The argument that the agreement, being between the city party and the party of Peiræus, did not cover the case of a man who was of the same party as his prosecutors, has been often blamed as wholly sophistical. But it is not substantially inequitable. Agoratus had deserted the city party, and been rejected by the party of the Peiræus

and might in a sense be considered outside the agreement altogether; that is to say, if the speaker has given a true view of the facts.

646-7. εἶχον ἄν . . συνθῆκαι ‘the agreement would have given him something to go upon.'

649. οἱ τοῦτον τιμωρούμενοι who are now seeking to punish him.'

653-5. úπò тоû Sýμov. Some word or words are lost, perhaps 90 Αθηναῖος πεποιῆσθαι, ‘that he has been made a citizen by the Demus.' palvetaι kakwσas 'is shown to have injured.' See ii. 1. 119.

655-7. καὶ ἀφεὶς . . ἐγίγνετο ' and is shown to have abandoned and betrayed the persons by whose means it (the Demus) was ever exalted and strengthened.' èkeîvos refers to the Demus. The imperfect ¿yíyvero is used because the influence of these men was continuous.

659-60. τὸν . . ποιητὸν πατέρα sc. the Demus, as in l. 654. καὶ διὰ τοῦτο even for this if there were no other reason. κατὰ τὸν . . κακώσεως νόμον ' in virtue of the law regarding the doing an injury to a father.' To strike or ill-use a parent was an offence punishable by fine, disfranchisement, or death: the suit was called ypapǹ kakwσews yovéwv. See Arist. Av. 1344. Nub.

1419-1430.

665. ἐπέσκηψαν. See ll. 28, 287.

668. ἔμβραχυ ‘in a word.

676-7. vuvì dń now at any rate.' dh emphasises the preceding word, see supra, 1. 11. ἐπεὶ . ἀπέθνησκον ‘since at the time of their condemnation,' 'when they were being put to death,' imperfect because the whole period preceding their death is meant, during which many were condemned.

680-1. ἐνθυμεῖσθε . . ἐργάσησθε ‘and take care that you do not commit what would be the cruellest thing of all.'

683-5. τοῦτο i.e. his acquittal. θάνατον καταψηφίζεσθε γου are really passing sentence of death upon.'

690-2. οὗτοι . . γενήσονται ‘these very men shall pass the 91 same sentence upon them as did the Thirty.'

697-8. καὶ τῶν κοινῶν . . ἰδίων both those which were common to the State and those which affected individuals.'