any dispute more contrary to what the parties had similar considerations, even wise politicians hav reason to expect.

defended the propriety of the establishment; bu let their motives be ever so pure the ambitious and the aspiring have views extensive and ruinous; they have felt the charms and experienced the utility of this engine, and are not wanting in their exertions to support its existence.

Under similar circumstances, my fellow-citizens, a standing army was introduced and stationed in this city; which produced the scene we now commemorate, and which I know you cannot al! remember, but let the stranger hear and let the listening youth be told-that on the evening of the fifth of March, seventeen hundred and seventy, under the orders of a mercenary officer, murder, with her polluted weapons, stood trampling in the blood of our slaughtered countrymen; imagination cannot well conceive what mingling passions then convulsed the soul and agonized the heart!—those pangs were sharp indeed, which ushered into life a nation!— like Hercules she rose brawny from the cradle, the If there was ever among nations a natural snakes of Britain yet hung hissing round her horri-alliance, one may be formed between the two reble, and fell!-at her infant voice they hasted-at publics. The first planters of the four northern states found in this country an asylum from perthe dread of her rising arm they fled away. secution, and resided here from the year one thousand six hundred and eight, to the year one thousand six hundred and twenty, twelve years preceding their migration. They ever entertained and have transmitted to posterity, a grateful remembrance of that protection and hospitality, and especially of that religious liberty they found here, having sought it in vain in England.

Our fortunate alliances in Europe have secured us from any danger of invasion from thence; this security is derived from considerations of the best policy and true interest of the allied powers.

The new and glorious treaty concluded, since the last anniversary, with the states of Holland, whose manners, laws, religion, and bloody contest for freedom, so nearly resemble our own,* affords a happy

America, separated from the nations of Europe by the mighty ocean, and from Britain by the mightier hand of heaven, is acknowledged an independent nation; she has now to maintain her dignity and importance among the kingdoms of the earth. May she never be seduced from her true interest, by subtle intrigue, mistaken policy, or misguided ambition! but, considering her own condition, may she follow the maxims of wisdom, which are better than the weapons of war!

a

"The first inhabitants of two other states, Newfrom this nation, and have transmitted their religion, York and New Jersey, were immediate emigrants language, customs, manners and character: and America in general, until her connexions with the house of Bourbon, has ever considered this nation as her first friend in Europe, whose history, and the great character it exhibits, in the various arts of peace, as well as achievements of war by sea and land, have been particularly studied, admired, and imitated in every state.

It has become fashionable in Europe, to keep large standing army in times of peace. The people of Great Britain have professed their aversion to the establishment, yet have suffered it to gain deemed so essential in this as in former ages, to "A similitude of religion, although it is not ground, upon the idea of preserving the balance of the alliance of nations, is still as it ever will be power. This custom is so deeply rooted and so thought, a desirable circumstance. Now it may firmly established, that nothing short of annihila-be said with truth, that there are no two nations, whose worship, doctrine and discipline, are more tion of the governments where they have been so alike than those of the two republics. In this long tolerated can abolish the institution.

From the situation and vicinity of the nations of Europe with respect to each other, the different extent of territory rendering it more difficult to repel an invasion from some countries than others, for the celerity of defence and the more complete security of extensive countries; from these and

particular, therefore, as far as it is of weight, an alliance would be perfectly natural.

"A similarity in the forms of government, is renders alliances natural; and although the conusually considered as another circumstance which stitutions of the two republics are not perfectly alike, there is yet analogy enough between them to make a connexion easy in this respect.

"The originals of the two republics are so much alike, that the history of one see as but a transcript from that of the other: so that every Dutchman, *Hercules is represented, when very young, instructed in the subject, must pronounce the Ameengaged in the most courageous and dangerous rican revolution just and necessary, or pass a cenenterprizes-sucb as encountering lions, squeezing sure upon the greatest actions of his immortal anthem to death against his own breast, or tearing cestors: actions which have been approved and their jaws asunder; sometimes, when an infant, applauded by mankind, and justified by the decision grasping serpents with a little smile upon his of heaven. cheek, as if he was pleased with their fine colors and their motions, and killing them by his strong gripe with so much ease, that he scarce deigns to look upon them.

"If therefore an analogy of religion, government, original manners, and the most extensive and lasting commercial interests, can form a ground and an invitation to political connexions, the subscriber

presage of lasting security. We may add, the embraces of her pretended parent, and has set up situation of our country, with respect to other her own name among the empires. The assertions dominions, is so secured by nature, that no one can of so young a country, were at first beheld with feign pretensions sufficiently plausible to convince dubious expectation; and the world were ready to the people of America, of the propriety of support-stamp the name of rashness or enterprize accord. ing a standing army in a time of peace; whilst ing to the event.

memory retains the exploits of our brave citizens But a manly and fortunate beginning, soon ensurin the field, who have joined the standard of free-ed the most generous assistance. The renowned dom, and successfully defended her injured altars and the ancient Gauls came early to the combatand her devoted rites. The community will be wise in council-mighty in battle! then with new assured that, upon the basis of a well-regulated fury raged the storm of war! the seas were crimsonmilitia, an army may be raised upon all future oc-ed with the richest blood of nations! America's casions sufficient to oppose the most formidable chosen legions waded to freedom through rivers, invaders. died with the mingled blood of her enemies and Here, were it pertinent, I would express a con.her citizens; through fields of carnage, and the fidence, that when the army shall be disbanded, gates of death! justice, with impartial scale, will distribute due rewards to those who have jeoparded their lives in the high places of the field.

At length independence is ours-the halcyon day appears! lo from the east I see the harbinger, and from the train, 'tis peace herself; and as attendants,

Every American is conscious of the effects pro-all the gentle arts of life: commerce displays her duced by the knowledge of the people in the use snow-white navies fraught with the wealth of kingof arms, and from that experience need not be loms; plenty from her copious horn, pours forth

exhorted to an attention to their militia.

her richest gifts. Heaven commands! the east and the west give up, and the north keeps not back! all nations meet! and beat their swords into plough. shares and their spears into pruning-hooks, and resolve to learn war no more.-Henceforth shall the American wilderness blossom as the rose, and every man shall sit under his vine and under his fig-tree, and none shall make him afraid.

When we consider our own prosperous condition, and view the state of that nation, of which we were once a part, we even weep over our enemy, when we reflect that she was once great; that her navies rode formidable upon the ocean; that her com merce was extended to every harbor of the globe; that her name was revered wherever it was known; that the wealth of nations was deposited in her island; and that America was her friend, but by DELIVERED AT THE KING'S CHAPEL IN ROSTON, APRIL means of her standing armies, an immense con tinent is separated from her kingdom,* and that once-mighty empire, ready to fall an untimely victim, to her own mad policy.

Near eight full years have now rolled away, since America has been cast off from the bosom and

flatters himself, that in all these particulars, the union is so obviously natural, that there has seldom been a more distinct designation of Providence to any two distant nations to unite themselves toge. ther."

AN ORATION,

8, 1776, ON THE RE-INTERMENT OF THE REMAINS

OF THE LATE MOST WORSHIPFUL GRAND-MASTER

JOSEPH WARREN, ESQUIRE, PRESIDENT OF

THE LATE CONGRESS OF THIS COLONY, AND MAJOR
GENERAL OF THE MASSACHUSETTS FORCES, WHO WAS
SLAIN IN THE BATTLE OF BUNKER'S-HILL, JUNE 17,
1775,

BY PEREZ MORTON, M. M. Illustrious relicks!-What tidings from the grave? why hast thou left the peaceful mansions of the Extracts from the memorial to their high mighti-tomb, to visit again this troubled earth! art thou hesses, the states general of the United Provinces the welcome messenger of peace! art thou risen of the Low-Countries, by that great statesman and patriot, his excellency JOHN ADAMS, esq. minister again to exhibit thy glorious wounds, and through plenipotentiary at the Hague, dated Leyden, April them proclaim salvation to thy country! or art thou 19, 1781. come to demand that last debt of humanity, to

A doubt may be entertained of the truth of this which your rank and merit have so justly entitled assertion; but we can hardly believe that it would, have entered into the head of a minister or parlia-you-but which has been so long ungenerously ment, to collect a militia in Great Britain to enforce withheld! and art thou angry at the barbarous their acts in America; so that in our view, had the usage? be appeased, sweet ghost! for though thy army been disbanded at the end of the last war,

America and Britain at this moment would have body has long laid undistinguished among the been parts of the same kingdom. vulgar dead, scarce privileged with earth enough

to hide it from the birds of prey; though not a reward of his merit, he was commissioned the mes friendly sigh was uttered o'er thy grave; and worshipful GRAND-MASTER of all the ancient Masons, though the execration of an impious foc, were all through North America.—And you, brethren, are thy faneral knelis; yet, matchless patriot! thy living testimonies, with how much honor to himmemory has been embalmed in the affections of self, and benefit to the craft universal, he disthy grateful countrymen; who, in their breasts, charged the duties of his elevated trust; with have raised eternal monuments to thy bravery! what sweetened accents he courted your attention, while, with wisdom, strength, and beauty, be But let us leave the beloved remains, and con- instructed his lodges in the secret arts of Freematemplate for a moment, those virtues of the man, sonry; what perfect order and decorum he preservthe exercise of which have so deservedly endeared ed in the government of them; and, in all his conhim to the honest among the great, and the good duct, what a bright example he set us, to live within compass, and act upon the square.

Among the humble.

In the private walks of life, he was a pattern for mankind. The tears of her, to whom the world is indebted for so much virtue, are silent heralds

With what pleasure did he silence the wants of poor and pennyless brethren; yea, the necessitous every where, though ignorant of the mysteries of of his filial piety; while his tender offspring, in the craft, from his benefactions, felt the happy eflisping out their father's care, proclaim his parental fects of that institution which is founded on faith, affection: and an ADAMS can witness with how hope and charity. And the world may cease to much zeal he loved, where he had formed the wonder, that he so readily offered up his life, on sacred connexion of a friend:—their kindred souls the altar of his country, when they are told that were so closely twined, that both felt one joy, both the main pillar of masonry is the LOVE OF MANKIND. one affliction. In conversation he had the happy talent of addressing his subject both to the understanding and the passions; from the one he forced conviction, from the other he stole assent.

The fates, as though they would reveal, in the person of our GRAND-MASTER, those mysteries which have so long lain hid from the world, have suffered him, like the great master-builder in the He was blessed with a complacency of disposi- temple of old, to fall by the hands of Ruffians, and tion and equanimity of temper, which peculiarly be again raised in honor and authority: we searched endeared him to his friends, and which, added to the in the field for the murdered son of a widow, and deportment of the gentleman, commanded rever- we found him, by the turf and the twig, buried on ence and esteem even from his enemies. the brow of a hill, though not in a decent grave.— Such was the tender sensibility of his soul, that And though we must again commit his body to the he need but see distress to feel it, and contribute tomb, yet our breasts shall be the burying spot of to its relief. lie was deaf to the calls of interest his masonic virtues, and thereeven in the course of his profession; and wherever

"An adamantine monument we'll rear,
"With this inscription," Masonry “lies here.”—

he beheld an indigeat object, which claimed his In public life, the sole object of his ambition was, healing skill, he administered it, without even the hope of any other reward than that which resulted from the reflection of having so far promoted the happiness of his fellow-men.

to acquire the conscience of virtuous enterprizes; amor patria was the spring of his actions, and mens conscia recti was his guide.—And on this security he was, on every occasion, ready to sacrifice his In the social departments of life, practising upon health, his interest, and his ease, to the sacred the strength of that doctrine, he used so earnestly calls of his country. When the liberties of Ame to inculcate himself, that nothing so much conduced rica were attacked, he appeared an early champion to enlighten mankind, and advance the great end of in the contest: and though his knowledge and society at large, as the frequent interchange of abilities would have insured riches and preferment sentiments, in friendly meeting; we find him con- (could he have stooped to prestitution) yet he stantly engaged in this eligible labor; but on none did he place so high a value, as on that most honora ble of all detached societies, THE FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS: into this fraternity he was early initiated; and after having given repeated proofs of a rapid proficiency in the arts, and after evidencing by his life, the professions of his lips-finally, as the

nobly withstood the fascinating charm, tossed fortune back her plume, and pursued the inflexible Purpose of his soul, in guiltless competence.

He sought not the airy honors of a name, else many of those publications which, in the early period of our controversy, served to open the minds of the people, had not appeared anonymous. In

every time of eminent danger, his fellow citizens contempt of danger, flew to the field of battle, flew to him for advice; like the orator of Athens, where, after a stern, and almost victorious resishe gave it and dispelled their fears:-twice did tance, ah! too soon for his country! he sealed his they call him to the rostrum to commemorate the principles with his blood-then

massacre of their brethren; and from that instance, in persuasive language he taught them, not only the dangerous tendency, but the actual mischief, of stationing a military force in a free city, in a time of peace. They learnt the profitable lesson, and penned it among their grievances.

"Freedom wept, that merit could not save," But Warren's manes "must enrich the grave." Enriched indeed! and the heights of Charlestown shall be more memorable for thy fall, than the Plains of Abraham are for that of the hero of Britain. For while he died contending for a single country, gou fell in the cause of virtue and man

But his abilities were too great, his deliberations kind. too much wanted, to be confined to the limits of a The greatness of his soul shone even in the mosingle city, and at a time when our liberties were ment of death; for, if fame speaks true, in his last most critically in danger from the secret machinations and open assaults of our enemies, this town, with his wonted magnanimity, and with the true agonies he met the insults of his barbarous foe to their lasting honor, elected him to take a part spirit of a soldier, frowned at their impotence. in the councils of the state.-And with what faithfulness he discharged the important delegation, the neglect of his private concerns, and his un. wearied attendance on that be trustment, will suflike HAMPDEN he lived--and like WOLFE he ficiently testify: and the records of that virtuous died. assembly will remain the testimonials of his accomplishments as a statesman, and his integrity and services as a patriot, through all posterity.

In fine, to complete the great character-like HARRINGTON he wrote-like CICERO he spoke

And can we, my countrymen, with indifference behold so much valor laid prostrate by the band of British tyranny! and can we ever grasp that hand in affection again? are we not yet convinced "that he who hunts the woods for prey, the naked and untutored indian, is less a savage than the king

The congress of our colony could not observe so much virtue and greatness without honoring it with the highest mark of their favor; and by the free suffrages of that uncorrupted body of freemen, he of Britain!" have we not proofs, wrote in blood, was soon called to preside in the senate-where, that the corrupted nation, from whence we sprang, by his daily counsels and exertions, he was con(though there may be some traces of their ancient stantly promoting the great cause of general liberty. virtue left) are stubbornly fixed on our destruction! and shall we still court a dependence on such But when he found the tools of oppression were a state? still contend for a connexion with those obstinately bent on violence; when he found the who have forfeited not only every kindred claim, vengeance of the British court must be glutted but even their title to humanity! forbid it the spirit with blood; he determined, that what he could not of the brave MONTGOMERY! forbid it the spirit of effect by his eloquence or his pen, he would immortal WARREN! forbid it the spirits of all our bring to purpose by his sword. And on the memo- valiant countrymen! who fought, bled, and died rable 19th of April, he appeared in the field under for far different purposes, and who would have the united characters of the general, the soldier, thought the purchase deur indeed! to have paid and the physician. Here he was seen animating their lives for the paltry boon of displacing one his countrymen to battle, and fighting by their set of villains in power, to make way for another. side, and there he was found administering healing No. They contended for the establishment of comforts to the wounded. And when he had re-peace, liberty, and safety to their country: and we pelled the unprovoked assaults of the enemy, and are unworthy to be called their countrymen, if we had driven them back into their strong-holds, like stop at any acquisition short of this. the virtuous chief of Rome, he returned to the senate, and presided again at the councils of the fathers.

Now is the happy season, to seize again those rights, which, as men, we are by nature entitled to, and which, by contract, we never have and When the vanquished foe had rallied their dis-never could have surrendered:-but which have ordered army, and by the acquisition of fresh been repeatedly and violently attacked by the king, strength, again presumed to fight against freemen, lorde and commons of Britain. Ought we not then our patriot, ever anxious to be where he could do to disclaim forever, the forfeited affinity; and by a the most good, again put off the senator, and, in timely amputation of that rotten limb of the em

pire, prevent the mortification of the whole? ought we not to listen to the voice of our slaughtered brethren, who are now proclaiming aloud to their

country

Go tell the king, and tell him from our spirits,
That you and Britons can be friends no more;
Tell him, to you all tyrants are the same;

Or if in bonds, the never conquer'd sou!
Can feel a pang, more keen than slavery's self,
'Tis where the chains that crush you into dust,

Are forg'd by hands, from which you hop'd for freedom.

Yes, we ought, and will--we will assert the blood of our murdered hero against thy hostile oppressions, O shameless Britain! and when "thy cloud-capped towers, thy gorgeous palaces" shall, by the teeth of pride and folly, be levelled with the dust-and when thy glory shall have faded like the western sunbeam-the name and the virtues of WARREN shall remain immortal.

Judge Jay's Charge.

Whoever compares our present with our former constitution, will find abundant reason to rejoice in the exchange, and readily admit, that all the calamities, incident to this war, will be amply compensated by the many blessings flowing from this glorious revolution. A revolution which, in the whole course of its rise and progress, is distinguished by so many marks of the Divine favor and interposition, that no doubt can remain of its being finally accomplished.

It was begun, and has been supported, in a manner so singular, and I may say, miraculous, that when future ages shall read its history, they will be tempted to consider great part of it as fabulous. What, among other things, can appear more unworthy of credit, than that in an enlightened age, in a civilized and Christian country, in a naTHE CHARGE DELIVERED BY JOHN JAY, ESQ. CHIEF JUS- tion so celebrated for humanity, as well as love of TICE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, TO THE GRAND liberty and justice, as the English once justly were, JURY OF THE SUPREME COURT, held at KingSTON, a prince should arise, who, by the influence of corIN ULSTER COUNTY, SEPT. 9, 1777. ruption alone, should be able to seduce them into Advertisement. The following charge was given at a time when the assembly and senate were conven- a combination, to reduce three millions of his most ing, and the whole system of government, establish- loyal and affectionate subjects, to absolute slavery, ed by the constitution, about being put in motion under pretence of a right, appertaining to God The grand inquest was composed of the most respectable characters in the county, and no less than alone, of binding them in all cases whatever, not twenty-two of them attended and were sworn. even excepting cases of conscience and religion? GENTLEMEN-It affords me very sensible plea- What can appear more improbable, although true, sure to congratulate you on the dawn of that free, than that this prince, and this people, should obmild and equal government, which now begins to stinately ste their hearts, and shut their ears, rise and break from amidst those clouds of anar- against the most humble petitions and affectionate chy, confusion and licentiousness, which the arbi- remonstrances; and unjustly determine, by violence trary and violent domination of the king of Great and force, to execute designs which were reproBritain had spread, in greater or less degrees, bated by every principle of humanity, equity, grathroughout this and the other American states. titude and policy-designs which would have been And it gives me particular satisfaction to remark, execrable, if intended against savages and enemies, that the first fruits of our excellent constitution and yet formed against men descended from the appear in a part of this state, whose inhabitants same common ancestors with themselves; men, have distinguished themselves, by having unani- who had liberally contributed to their support, and mously endeavored to deserve them. cheerfully fought their battles, even in remote This is one of those signal instances, in which and baleful climates? Will it not appear extraorDivine Providence has made the tyranny of princes dinary, that thirteen colonies, the object of their instrumental in breaking the chains of their sub-wicked designs, divided by variety of governments jects; and rendered the most inhuman designs, and manners, should immediately become one peo. productive of the best consequences, to those ple, and though without funds, without magazines, against whom they were intended. without disciplined troops, in the face of their The infatuated sovereign of Britain, forgetful enemies, unanimously determine to be free; and, that kings were the servants, not the proprietors, undaunted by the power of Britain, refer their and ought to be the fathers, not the incendiaries cause to the justice of the Almighty, and resolve of their people, hath, by destroying our former con- to repel force by force? Thereby presenting to the stitutions, enabled us to erect more eligible sys-world an illustrious example of magnanimity and tems of government on their ruins; and, by unwar- virtue scarcely to be paralleled. Will it not be mat. rantable attempts, to bind us, in all cases whatever, ter of doubt and wonder, that, notwithstanding has reduced us to the happy necessity of being free these difficulties, they should raise armies, estab. from his control in any. lish funds, carry on commerce, grow rich by the