The History of Wisconsin: Historical - William Rudolph Smith - Google Books

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CONTENTS.

NEW FRANCE AND LOUISIANA.

Early History-Mississippi Valley-Discovery of Florida-Ponce de Leon,

Miruelo, Narvaez, De Soto-Discovery of the Mississippi, and fate of De Soto

-Charter Grant of New France-Jesuit Missionaries, zeal and success-Reach

the Western Lakes-Enterprising views of Discovery-Mesnard, Allouez,

Marquette-Views of the Intendant Talon-Great Congress of Indian Na-

tions at the Falls of St. Mary-Enterprise of Marquette and Joliet-Dangers

pointed out by the Indians-Fox River, Portage, and Wisconsin-Upper

Mississippi discovered-The Illini Indians hospitable-The Missouri passed,

the Ouabache reached, and the Mississippi descended to below the Arkansas

-Return of Marquette and Joliet to Green Bay-Joliet's papers lost-Death

of Marquette-De la Salle, his enterprise, protected and encouraged by Col-

bert and Seignelay-Builds a vessel on Niagara River, and navigates the

Upper Lakes-He reaches the sources of the Illinois River-Descends and

builds a Fort-Learns the course of the Mississippi River, loses his vessel on

the Lakes, and resolves to build a new one-Despatches Hennepin on a voy-

age of discovery up the Mississippi-Leaves Tonti in command, and returns

on foot to Fort Frontenac-Tonti builds Rock Fort-Is driven away by the

Indians-La Salle returns, descends the Mississippi to the sea, and takes pos-

session of the country, by the name of Louisiana-Returns to France, pro-

cures a fleet, and endeavours to discover the mouth of the Mississippi by sea

-Passes the mouth, and lands in St. Bernard's Bay-His misfortunes, fruit-

less searches, and assassination-Joutel and Anastasius return by the Missis-

sippi to Fort Crevecoeur, and thence to Quebec-Attempts to decry the merits

of La Salle's discoveries-Hennepin's alleged discoveries-His two publica-

tions, and interpolations-The claims of England to the Mississippi founded

on Hennepin's books-The claims of France-Conflicting opinions of French

and English Colonists-New France neglected-French possessions in the

West include the whole Valley of the Mississippi-Iberville and his brothers

-Expedition fitted out to discover the mouth of the Mississippi-Iberville

successful-Passes up the River-Finds a letter from Tonti to La Salle-

Builds a Fort at Biloxi, and returns to France-Possession taken of the whole

basin of the Mississippi, by France, under the name of Louisiana....................

NOTES TO CHAPTER I...........

VALLEY OF THE MISSISSIPPI.

Settlement by Iberville-Progress of the French in Settlements from the St.

Lawrence to the Mississippi Valley-Kaskaskia, Peoria-Fathers Gravier and

[graphic]

Views of La Salle with respect to the Illinois country-Con

tween Quebec and the Gulf of Mexico-Jealousy, and clair

Exploring Expedition on part of England-Explorations by

Sauvole-Application of French Protestant emigrants-Bienvi

English from taking possession of the Mississippi-Belief stil

the route by water to the South Sea-Also of the existence of

mines, &c. in the country-French views not agricultural-I

Upper Mississippi-Fallacious views as to the natural pro

country-Baron La Hontan, his travels and discoveries-Mix

and the romantic and fabulous-The Illinois country, its ext

Nations, their relations to France and England-Grand Counc

Callieres-The post and settlement of Detroit founded-Other

up, in the West-Allies of the English in Wisconsin-Attem

Trade of the West-Armed occupation by France of the Mis

-Forts Chartres, Cahokia, Prairie du Rocher, Kaskaskia-Tre

its want of effect-Unsettled questions of boundaries-Localiti

tribes-The Indians of the Northwest-Colony at the mouth

sippi-Its neglect of agriculture and wild speculations-Le S

mine on Blue Earth River-Louisiana made a government

New France-Change in the political system of the colony

attempts of France to colonize-Boundaries of Louisiana-R

Crozat's Patent- Mississippi Scheme-Slavery authorized in

poly-Population of Louisiana-Ill success of Crozat-His loss

his patent-Delusive hopes of wealth, in France-Wretched

French Public Treasury-John Law proposes relief-Paper

substitute for precious metals-Law's Bank established-Its of

clared a royal bank-Becomes a commercial company-Great

to the "Mississippi Company"-Bank of France associated with

of the Indies-Monopolies granted to it-The Mint, and Taxe

farmed by it-Law, Comptroller General of France-Emigrant

their character-Routes from the St. Lawrence to the Lower

The great bubbles burst-Consequences extend to the settleme

sissippi Valley-Similarity of Credit System of 1719 and 1834

to the mineral wealth continues-Mining on the Upper Mississ

tween France and Spain-Chain of forts established on the Mi

of New Orleans selected-Le Sueur's fort on St. Peter's Ri

possession of the upper country-Fort Chartres built-Popula

nois country-Posts of Michillimackinac, Green Bay, Chicago

Sault St. Marie, and Detroit-English and French trade with

Influence of France unbounded, over the Indians, except the

Five Nations-Ottagamies adhere to the English-Attempt to c

-Siege of Detroit-Defeat and great loss of the Ottagamies-

ties and depredations-French expedition against them unde

Stronghold at Butte des Morts-The Foxes capitulate-Hostag

Treaty not complied with by the Foxes-They renew their d

Expedition under De Lignerie unsuccessful-Progress of sett

West-Villages in the Illinois country-The Natchez nation,

tion-The "Company of the Indies" surrenders its charter-W

Chickasaws-Artaguette and Vincennes-Their death-Situati

nois country-Ambitious views of France as to the Great West-

the English colonies-George Washington-His mission to the

mander--First signal of the war of the Revolution-Death of

Washington capitulates-France in possession of the whole

Mississippi-English and French encroachments, although with

tent, not so regarded by the Indians-Peace in Europe, but war

Boundaries between English and French possessions the cause-

-Braddock's defeat; Wolf's victory; surrender of all Canada-

of the Indians-Rogers takes possession of Detroit, and other

-Pontiac-He orders Rogers to stop in his march-Protects

tion-French power in the West for ever overthrown-Feeling

English-Henry, the English trader-His interview with an I

ry-Communication be

and claim of England-

ations by Bienville and

-Bienville prevents the

Belief still entertained of

tence of gold and silver

tural-Le Sueur on the

ural productions of the

es-Mixture of the true,

y, its extent-The Five

nd Council called by De

-Other posts growing

-Attempt on Detroit-

the Mississippi Valley

kia-Treaty of Utrecht,

Localities of the Indian

e mouth of the Missis-

as-Le Sueur's copper-

rnment independent of

e colony-unsuccessful

ana-Rio del Norte-

ized in Crozat's mono-

-His losses; surrenders

Wretched state of the

-Paper currency as a

-Its operations-De-

-Great powers granted.

ated with it-Company

nd Taxes of the nation

migrants to Louisiana,

e Lower Mississippi-

Settlements of the Mis-

and 1834-Delusion as

Mississippi-War be-

the Mississippi-Site

ter's River-He takes

-Population of the Ill-

Chicago, St. Joseph's,

de with the Indians-

ept the Iroquois-The

mpt to destroy Detroit

gamies-Their hostili-

Fin under Louvigny-

-Hostages delivered-

their depredations—

s of settlements in the

nation, their destruc-

Tier-War against the

-Situation of the Dli-

at West-Resisted by

to the French com-

eath of Jumonville-

whole Valley of the

ngh with the same in--

but war in America-

cause-War of 1756:

Canada-Disaffection-

d other western posts

Attachment of the Indians to the French; its causes-State of settlemen

in Wisconsin-Carver's account-Prairie du Chien-No establishments we

of Green Bay-Traders alone in the country-Sacs and Foxes, their depred

tions and chastisement-Expeditions against them-Lake Superior, settlemen

there-Ancient mines-Indications of ancient work.......

NOTES TO CHAPTER II...........

UNDER BRITISH DOMINION.

Treaty of 1763-England possesses all New France and Louisiana-Protectio

of eminent domain-Carver's Grant-Illinois and Wabash Companies-Class

of grants in the Territory of Michigan, and in Wisconsin-De Vaudreuil

Grant-French inhabitants under English rule--Indians unfriendly to t

English-Pontiac's designs-His great confederacy-Calls a grand counc

and states his plans to them-Unexpected attacks on the British posts-

Black rain at Detroit-Surprise and capture of Michillimackinac-Henry

personal account of it-Fort at Green Bay abandoned-Fort at St. Joseph

captured-Situation of Detroit-Stratagem of Pontiac-Discovered and pr

vented-Siege of Detroit-Barbarities of the Indians-Reinforcements arriv

-Captain Dalyell's sortie, defeat, and death-Siege abandoned by the I

dians-Arrival of General Bradstreet-Concludes a peace with the India

tribes-Pontiac does not consent-His death-His character-Absence

settlements in Wisconsin-Captain Carver's intentions and attempts-H

travels and remarks-No Europeans on the Upper Mississippi, as settlers,

1766-Evidence as to Carver's Grant-The Illinois country-Peaceable se

tlements of the French-Their mode of life--Their villages and gener-

regulations of property-Tranquillity and happiness-Their religion-Chang

under British rule-Settlements decline-Emigration to Spanish Louisian

-Population of the Illinois country-British occupy the forts-Colon

Clark's Expedition-His plan adopted by Virginia-British influence ove

Indians the source of the depredations on the frontier settlements--Clain

of Virginia to the Northwest, by her royal charters-Clark assembles h

force-Descends the Ohio-Marches overland to Kaskaskia-Captures th

town and fort-Fears of the inhabitants-They apply to Clark-His answ

-Their rejoicings-Cahokia surrenders-Fort Sackville, or Vincennes, sul

mits-Oath of allegiance taken-Clark establishes forts-County of Illino

established by Virginia-Indians make treaties with Clark-The Britis

governor collects his forces--Resolves to make Clark prisoner--Governo

Hamilton's character-He arrives before Vincennes-Captain Helm alone i

the fort--Obtains honorable terms-Clark determines on retaking Vincenne

-Marches from Kaskaskia-Hardships suffered by his forces-Arrive at th

town and capture it-Attack the fort-Hamilton capitulates, and is sent pr

soner to Virginia-Clark's views on Detroit-Captures a convoy of supplie

-The result of Clark's enterprises-The five States of the Northwester

Territory The Northwest during the Revolutionary War-Claims of State

proposed to be relinquished-Plans devised and debated in Congress-Deed

of cession by States-Geographical boundaries of the new States not define

understandingly-Revision of deeds of cession proposed-New boundarie

of States-Resolutions of Congress on this subject-Ordinance of 1787-As

sent of Virginia to alteration of her deed of cession-Review of sixth articl

of ordinance of 1787...

NOTES TO CHAPTER III....................................................................................................

THE NORTHWESTERN TERRITORY.

British retain the Western posts-Effect on the Indians-Land speculations i

[graphic]

tive view-Steuben sent to take possession of Western posts-

the possession-Causes assigned-Boundary line not to be c

strengthen the posts-Great council of Indian tribes-Treati

mar-Not adhered to-Brant and the Northern confederacy-

vernor of the Northwestern Territory-Indians deny the validit

-State of the case-Ordinance of 1787-Unwise proceeding

-British policy and agency-Encouragement given to Bran

McKee, Elliott, and Girty-Mission of Gamelin to the West

his report-Conduct of British agents-United States adopt

against the Indians-St. Clair's levies, and dissensions-Harma

and two defeats-Discord in his army-Indian villages dest

account of the battles-Action of the government in relation

War-Peace messengers and warlike preparations-British ager

dissatisfied-American policy explained-Scott's Expedition

Expedition-St. Clair organizes his army at Fort Washington

his march-Builds Forts Hamilton and Jefferson-Reaches th

Wabash-Army encamps-Attacked by the Indians and entir

Great loss of the Americans-Causes of defeat-St. Clair exc

army authorized by Congress to be raised-General Wayne a

command-Peace still offered to the Indians-The chiefs of t

invited to the seat of government-Commissioners meet the In

cil-Indians insist on the Ohio boundary-Attempts at peace

causes-British erect a new fort on the Maumee-Spain offer

Indians-Wayne assembles his forces at Fort Washington-

the peace commissioners-Wayne moves his army-Establish

ville-Goes into winter quarters-Buries the bones on the field

defeat-Fort Recovery built-Attack by the Indians on an e

learns the movements of the Indians and the British agents-

Fort Recovery, and are repulsed-Wayne marches from Gree

Fort Defiance-Sends a peace messenger to the Indians-Th

Indians-Wayne marches on-Leaves his heavy baggage-M

Maumee-Battle, and complete victory-Wayne destroys India

property-Effect of the victory on the Indians-The army

Wayne built-Fort Loramie built-Army in winter quarters a

Indian spirit subdued-The tribes disposed to peace measure

made by the British agents-Great council held-Propositions

English governor of Detroit-Brant coincides-Indians do not c

send peace messengers to the Americans-The preliminaries of

into Great council held at Greenville, and treaty made-Term

-Other events during the Indian War-Genet, French minister

to involve the United States in war-His attempts in the West;

invasion of Louisiana and Florida-Separation of the Wester

revolt in the Spanish provinces, projected-Genet issues comm

citement among the Western people-Action of the United S

ment-Genet recalled by France, who disowns his acts-Free

the Mississippi insisted on by the United States; denied by Spa

Miro relaxes the stringent measures in relation to duties-He

privileges of trade on the Mississippi-Attempts of Spain to d

Union-Operations in relation to the navigation of the Mississ

cessful attempts of government to treat with Spain-Baron Ca

licy and attempts to separate the West-Treaty of Madrid-Fr

of Mississippi secured-New Orleans a free port of deposit-

lation-Projected British invasion of the Spanish provinces, b

lakes and the Illinois-Spanish posts withheld from the Am

causes-Spanish perfidy and duplicity-Powers proceeds to Detr

quarters of Wilkinson-Conduct of Wilkinson-New Orleans o

port of deposit, unless duties are paid-The act of the Intendan

the King of Spain-Jefferson sends ministers to France and S

cedes Louisiana to France-Diplomacy of the American minis

to the purchase of Louisiana-All Louisiana purchased from Fr

objects, but renounces opposition-Effectual agency of Mr.

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