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interruption, for dividing; wherefore the catch-bar wheels, that are operative during the making of the plain net, must be disconnected, and others brought into action; also the pusher-bars, and dividing apparatus, must be rendered operative during the taking up.

For the purpose of bringing all these parts into operation, the following cams are provided:-on the right-hand extremity of the back axis is a cam, having a prominent rim on one side of its circumference, which rim is cut so as to act on the back end of a horizontal lever, and cause its other end to act against a prong fixed to the ordinary driver of the chopper, for the ratchet-wheel of nine teeth on the upright axis of the ordinary racking wheels. The rim, when in action on the lever, will hold the driver to the left, and prevent its action on the ratchet-wheel, in order to leave the same motionless; but when that part of the rim which is cut away, comes into action on the lever, then the driver is allowed to act as usual.

Another cam-wheel is fixed on the back axis, acting by its circumference on the back end of a lever, which turns at its centre on a fixed pin, and is linked at its front end to the ordinary driver for the front catch-bar wheel. When the prominent part of the circumference of the cam is acting beneath the back end of its lever, the driver will be at liberty to perform its usual functions; but when the lower part of the cam comes round, the driver will be held up, and kept out of action by the force of a spring, which pulls down the back end of the lever.

At the side of the last-mentioned cam, a similar one is fixed on the back axis, with a lever acting in the same manner on the two ordinary claws, for the small ratchet-wheel, by which the lace-roller is turned, in order to wind up the lace as it is made. Thus the lower part of the cam, acting on the lever, will cause it to hold the claws out of action, in order to suspend the winding up of the lace, whilst spots are making; but when the prominent part of the cam comes round, it leaves those claws at liberty to act in their usual manner, during the making of plain

net.

A pair of additional catch-bar wheels, having ratchet-wheels of eight teeth, and mounted in a frame of the usual kind, must be applied to the landing-bars, front and back, to act, during the spotting, as substitutes for the ordinary catch-bar wheels, front and back, which are then rendered inactive; and in like manner, the two additional catch-bar wheels are rendered inactive whilst the plain net is making.

The front set of these additional catch-bar wheels, is applied to the left-hand side of the front landing-bar, at l, close to the hanging cheek of the bar, and the back set (not shewn in fig. 1,) is applied on the right-hand side of the back landing-bar. Their ratchet-wheels are cut with eight teeth, and are driven by extra

claws, mounted on fixed centre-pins, like the ordinary dividers. The claw for the extra front catch-bar wheels is marked m; the claw for the back wheels is not shewn. The common catch-bar wheels must be removed and replaced by others, suitably cut to act with ratchet-wheels of nine teeth, which must be substituted for the ordinary eight-toothed ratchet-wheels; and during the spotting, the ordinary catch-bar wheels, which then remain inactive, must both of them present notches to the prongs or riders of their catch-bars, respectively, in order that they may allow those bars to drop, by the action of the additional catch-bar wheels, which are then operative.

On the back axis at the side of the cam that communicates motion to the lace roller, is another cam, which acts in a similar manner on the back end of a lever. The front end of this lever lifts up the additional claw, by which the extra back catch-bar ratchet-wheel is turned, that claw being mounted on a centre-pin, projecting out of a fixed bracket, screwed to the back tye-bar. The prominence of the last-mentioned cam is in action on its lever all the time spotting is going on, and will then let down the said claw, so as to turn the ratchet and the extra back catch-bar wheels; but the lower portion of the cam comes into operation when plain net is to be made, and lifts the claw out of action by the force of a spring, which is applied to the back end of the lever.

Near the middle of the back axis is a cam, which acts on the back end of a horizontal sliding-bolt, at the time of spotting, and causes it to move forward the two dividing links out of their usual holes in the ends of the arms of the dividing levers. These are both fixed on a short horizontal back axis, and the holes in the ends of the arms being cut into stops to receive the pendulous links, they will become disengaged, so long as the prominence of the cam is in action on its bolt, and then the back pusher-bar n, will not be brought into action at the time of taking up. When the prominence of the cam passes away, the links will be carried back by the force of a re-acting spring, applied to the bolt, and re-inserted in the holes in the ends of the arms, to restore their usual connection with the dividing apparatus and back pusherbarn, for making plain net. During the operation of spotting, the front pusher-bar is held forwards, so that its pushers are kept quite out of action, by means of a prominence on the usual front pusher-wheel remaining in action during the time that the front catch-bar wheels are inactive.

On the additional back axis is a cam, for actuating a backstop o, for detaining the landing-bars at the proper position for taking-up in making the spots; and there is a cam-wheel and lever, to act on the back end of the usual driver for the ratchetwheel of the ordinary back catch-bar wheels, so as to hold up

that driver out of action when the cam presents a prominence, and vice versa.

The claw m, which drives the ratchet-wheel for the extra front catch-bar wheels, is lifted out of action whilst plain net is making, by the right-hand end of a lever p, mounted on a fixed centre-pin; and the left-hand end is pulled down by a spring, which is thus (when it is permitted to operate) the means of holding up the claw m. The same end of the lever p, is acted on by a prominent rim, on the upper side of the uppermost wheel of the four large racking-wheels on the additional upright axis at the left-hand end of the machine, which wheels are racked simultaneously with the racking-wheels on the ordinary upright axis; and when the rim is brought round to the tail of the lever p, the claw m, is let down into operation on the extra front catch-bar wheels, suitably for making spots.

Near the ratchet-wheel of forty-five teeth, another wheel is fixed on the middle part of the back axis, acting as a substitute for the ordinary ratchet-wheel of eight teeth for the dividing stop. This is an addition to the wheel for the back-stop o, which is operative during the making of spots, and every time that the landing-bars are closed, this wheel causes the stop o, to catch the back landing-bar, and detain the bars quite closed whilst the points take up; but when the points get up, this wheel permits the tail of the stop o, to be lifted by a re-acting spring, so as to disengage the stop, and liberate the landing-bars. This is accomplished by giving a motion of about one-fifth of a tooth to the large ratchet-wheel on the back axis, by one or other of two nudging-drivers, which are suspended from the tail-poles of the two point-bars, as usual, so as to hang down in the way of the teeth of the ratchet-wheel.

When plain net is making, the other wheel, which is substituted for the ordinary dividing stop-wheel, performs the office of that wheel, by suitable prominences, bringing that stop (which is formed similarly to the back-stop o, and mounted at the side thereof, on the same fixed centre-pin) into action instantaneously, at every proper time for taking up, in order to retain the landingbars at their proper distance asunder for dividing; but the prominences release the stop when the large ratchet-wheel is moved round by one or other of its nudging drivers, during the ascent of the point-bars, whether back or front. A spring is applied, as usual, to the back end of the tail of the dividing-stop, but reversed to its usual action, viz., it must pull up the tail, in order to unlock the stop; and it is the prominence of the cam that puts the stop in action. The spring of the back-stop o, is applied in like manner.

The shape of the wheel and its fellow which actuate the stop o, will be that of a ratchet-wheel of forty-five teeth, having

their teeth cut away at all those parts which would come into action when each stop is not required to act.

The apparatus for turning round the small thread-rollers, which supply the additional threads for forming the spots, derives its action from the going up of the point-bars, either back or front, whenever they act, during the operation of spotting. For this purpose, a ratchet-wheel r, is fixed on the end of each of the extra rollers e, f, being turned by a driver q, which is jointed to the front end of a short lever-arm, projecting forwards from a long horizontal axis s. From this axis, also, a

longer lever-arm t, proceeds upwards and backwards, to reach beneath the lower ends of the two pendulous links before mentioned, in such a manner, that when either of those links ascend, during the going down of either point-bar, the driver q, will be caused, by a spring u, to descend and take a tooth of its ratchetwheel r. Then, as the points go up again, after having taken the extra threads, the driver q, will be forced upwards, and will turn the roller ƒ, so much as to unwind the required quantity of extra threads therefrom; and when the plain net is making, the pendulous links being both drawn backwards by the sliding-bolt and cam-wheel, their lever ends will no longer be over the ends of the lever t, and will therefore have no action thereon when the points act for taking up the meshes of plain net.

Each of the extra rollers e, f, and two others, if such are required, must be provided with its ratchet-wheel r, driver q, and axis and levers; but as only one-half of the number of those extra rollers will be required to be operative at the same time, the drivers of those which are for the time inactive, must be held off from contact with their ratchet-wheels, by a connection with suitable curved pieces, fixed to their corresponding rackingwheels.

The object of the last part of the present improvements, is to form ornamental patches of woven cloth-work, in the midst of a tissue of meshes of bobbin-net, which is composed of both traversing and longitudinal threads, so that each patch of cloth-work shall be surrounded by meshes of real net. The ornamental portions of cloth-work, formed in the bobbin net, according to these improvements, are composed, by interweaving additional weft-threads to those which compose the other parts of the net, such weft-threads passing across and across the longitudinal threads of the net, as well as across intermediate threads, which are traversing threads in the net, but assume a longitudinal direction in the cloth-work; and which threads, before arriving at, and after having passed along, the cloth-work, proceed in their contrary traversing directions, in order to form net.

This part of the improvements consists in arranging the parts and movements of bobbin-net machinery, in such manner, that the cloth-working operations may be going on with some portion

of the set of bobbin-carriages and warp-threads, without any hindrance to the performance of the ordinary twisting and crossing or traversing operations, by other portions of the same set of bobbin-carriages and warp-threads, thereby forming a proper tissue of meshes of bobbin net, at one or both sides of the places where cloth-work ornaments are to be made, as well as above and below the said places, so that the said net will form a ground for the cloth-work ornaments.

Fig. 2, represents a partial transverse vertical section of a circular-bolt single-tier inverted machine, with this improvement applied thereto, the warp-roller a, being at the upper part, and the lace-roller b, at the lower part of it. The warp-threads, proceeding downwards from the warp-roller, are threaded through the eyes of one row of guides, fixed on one guide-bar c, in a single row, and the bobbin-carriages are all passed between in one row, similar, in that respect, to the usual mode of working Lever's machinery, although, in other respects, this machine bears a greater resemblance to pusher machinery, the bobbincarriages being moved backwards and forwards in their circular bolts, by the swinging action of pusher-bars d, e, in front and at back. These bars are suspended in crank bar-arms f, f, and guided in their backward and forward motions, in exactly the same manner as in pusher machines, being moved backwards and forwards with a coincident and simultaneous motion.

The two rows of pushers g, g*, which are fixed to the two pusher-bars d, e, act against the upper parts of the carriages, where the same rise up above the circular combs h, i, between the intervals therein, in order to push the carriages through between the warp-threads. The pushers, like those of pusher machinery, are only half as numerous in their row as the carriages, so as to push forwards every other carriage in the row; and the back pushers g*, are adapted to act in that manner on one division of carriages, consisting of every alternate carriage in the row, whilst the front pushers g, are adapted to act in like manner upon the other division, consisting of the intermediate carriages; but instead of thus passing all the carriages in two divisions, at all times, as is done in pusher machinery, they are only passed in two divisions at the time of dividing the carriages, being in that respect more similar in their operation to Lever's machinery. At other times, all the carriages are passed in one row, for which purpose front and back driving-bars j, k, are provided with blades, projecting out from the edges of those bars, and turning downwards at their edges, so as to be capable of lifting up clear above the pushers, or else to fall down opposite to the ends of the pushers, in a proper situation to act upon the carriages in lieu of those ends. In this case, the edges of the driving-bars j, k, will pass all the carriages together, in the manner of single-tier

VOL. XXI.

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