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these side presser-bars may be allowed or caused to move apart, during the operation of compression, in order to allow for the expansion of the whalebone in breadth, during its compression, in the other direction.

Fig. 1, is a longitudinal elevation, in section, of one construction or arrangement of compressing machine; fig. 2, is a partial plan or horizontal view of the same; and fig. 3, is a transverse or cross section, taken vertically in front of the middle lever of the machine, or in the line a, b, in fig. 1.

a, a, is a strong bench or table, composed of wood or metal, supported on legs, or by any other suitable means; b, b, is a metal plate, forming the top or slab of the bench; c, c, c, are strong metal arches, through which the table b, is passed, the arches embracing or encompassing the bed. Upon the bed are placed the side-pressers or clamp-pieces d, d, and the vertical presser-bar or bars e, e, which are brought down by the force or leverage of the shorter ends of the powerful levers f,f*,f. The ends of these levers are formed cam-shaped, or as excentric wedges, and when forced forwards, they act between the under side of the arches c, and the top of the presser-bar e, and in depressing it, cause the material or whalebone, placed underneath, to be compressed. The outer ends of these levers f, are connected by suitable strong chains or ropes g, to a powerful windlass, in order to draw them down, and force their reverse or wedge-formed ends between the under side of the crown of the arches c, and the top of the presser-bar e, which causes the levers to depress the bar e. To the outer ends of these levers f, are also attached other cords or chains h, passing upwards over pullies, (placed above,) having counter-balance weights at their ends, in order to draw up the ends of the levers f, when the windlass or capstan is let go, and the pressure removed from the material under operation. The ends of the shorter arms of the levers ƒ, are attached or connected to the upper part of the arches c, by connecting links or hooks and eyes, as at i, i, and serve to keep the ends of the levers in their proper places, which are also further guided by the side-plates or pieces k, k, fixed within the arches. The wedge-formed ends of the

two outer levers f, f, are also connected, by means of the link-pieces, l, to the presser-bar e. In this machine, the side-pressers d, d, are represented as forced together, by means of wedges m, m, m, placed between them and the upright standards of the arches c; but other means may be used, as hereinafter shewn and described.

The operation of the machine is as follows:-The pieces of whalebone having been softened, by steam, in the process above described, are placed together, with the wooden laths, edgewise upon the surface of the table or plate b, and between the two side-pressers or bars d, d, (see fig. 3,) which are opened to receive the material, by knocking or forcing back the wedges m, m. The levers f, f, being raised, together with the vertical presser-bar e, through the connecting-links 7, by means of the counter-balance weights, attached to the chains or cords h, as before named.

On the introduction of the laths and material into the press, the side-bars d, d, are made to approach each other, by forcing in the wedges m, m, which may be done by striking with a hammer, or other means. The inner edges of the side-bars are, by these means, brought into contact with the laths, and press them upon the material under operation. When the whalebone is thus situated in the machine, and supported by the side-bars d, d, the windlasses are put in motion by any suitable means, which, by the agency of the cords g, draw down the levers f, and force their shorter ends between the under side of the arches c, and the top of the vertical presser-bar e. By these means, the bar e, is pressed downwards upon the material with great force, the wooden laths giving way to the lateral pressure of the whalebone. After the material has been thus submitted to the required pressure, for a sufficient length of time, according to the size of the pieces under operation, the material may be removed, and a fresh charge of whalebone introduced into the press, and the abovedescribed operation repeated.

Fig. 4, represents an end view of a press or machine, wherein screws are to be turned by levers, to give the pressure both downwards and sideways; fig. 5, is a partial

side, and fig. 6, a top view of a machine, wherein excentrics and levers are applied for the same purpose. The screws

o, o, in fig. 4, and the excentrics p, p, and screws o, o, in figs. 5 and 6, answer, in effect, to the levers f, and wedges m, in the former figures. The excentrics p, p, are or may be mounted on axes or shafts, turning in suitable bearings in the frame-work or in the arches c, and the levers are to be connected to the excentrics or their axes, in any suitable manner.

Instead of the above-described apparatus, steam or hydraulic power may be employed, to effect the required compression of the material, such elastic force operating upon suitable pistons, placed in cylinders, and connected with followers, or rams, or rods, acting upon the presser-bars. The patentee claims, first, the process, method, or means, above described and set forth, of operating or acting upon strips of the article generally called whalebone, for the purposes above named; and secondly, the machinery, press, or apparatus, for effecting the said operation of compression. —[Inrolled in the Petty Bag Office, September, 1841.] Specification drawn by Messrs. Newton and Son.

To JOSIAH JOHN GUEST, of the Dowlais Iron Works, in the county of Glamorgan, Bart., and THOMAS Evans, of the same place, agent, for certain improvements in the manufacture of iron and other metals.—[Sealed 28th May, 1840.]

THIS invention relates to the manufacture of iron, and the alloys of copper and iron, and tin and iron.

The first improvement consists in forcing a jet or jets of steam into the melted metal, whilst it is being operated on in the puddling and refinery furnaces. In the puddling furnace, the steam is forced into the metal, when it is in a state of fermentation, through four telescope tubes, which pass through the roof of the furnace. These tubes are three-quarters of an inch in diameter, and consist, as their

name would imply, of several parts, which, sliding over one another, allow the ends of the tubes to be moved to any suitable distance from the surface of the melted metal. The steam is supplied from a steam-boiler, or generated in the chimney of the furnace, and is used at a pressure of about 15 lbs. to the inch.

After the pig iron has become melted in the refinery furnace, the steam is introduced through the tuyeres, by means of four pipes, half an inch in diameter, and is employed at a pressure of about 20 lbs. to the inch.

The second improvement consists in protecting the sides, bridge, and bottom of the puddling furnace, from burning, by the application of a kind of paste or composition, which is formed by introducing a quantity of steam upon the fluid cinders, after the heat is drawn, until they are brought to the consistence of paste; they are then raked against the sides and bridge of the furnace, to fill any cavity that may have been burned during the previous operation of puddling the iron.

The patentees claim the use or application of steam, forced upon, or into, or in contact with, the melted iron, in refinery or puddling furnaces, for the manufacturing of the same; also the similar use of steam, in the process of melting or manufacturing alloys of copper and iron, and of tin and iron, in such furnaces; likewise the application of steam to fluid cinders, to produce the paste above described, and the use or application of the paste, as aforesaid.-[Inrolled in the Rolls Chapel Office, September, 1840.]

To JAMES FURNIVAL, of Warrington, in the county of Lancaster, tanner, for an expeditious mode of unhairing, mastering, and tanning, various descriptions of hides and skins.-[Sealed 29th March, 1841.]

THE first improvement consists in unhairing and mastering hides and skins, by enclosing them in an open frame-work, or in a cylinder, on the inside of which four or more longi

tudinal beams are fixed, at equal distances apart, for the purpose of giving an uneven motion to the liquors used for unhairing and mastering, the skins being introduced into the cylinder, through an opening in the side, covered by a grating. The frame-work or cylinder is placed in a pit, containing the liquor, in such a manner, that two-thirds of it is always immersed, and it is caused to make ten revolutions in a minute, during the process of unhairing, and from two to three revolutions in a minute, during the mastering process.

The second improvement consists in tanning hides and skins, by enclosing them in the revolving cylinder above mentioned, along with a suitable quantity of tanning liquor, the opening in the side being closed by a door instead of a grating. A set of five or six cylinders may be employed, containing liquor of different strengths; and in this case, the hides are shifted from one to the other, as the operation of tanning proceeds.

The patentee claims the apparatus, herein described, for thoroughly tanning hides and skins.-[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, July, 1841.]

To ALEXANDER SOUTHWOOD STOCKER and CLEMENT HEELEY, both of Birmingham, manufacturers, for certain improvements in patten and clog ties, and other fastenings for dress.—[Sealed 27th April, 1841.]

THE first part of this invention relates to patten and clog ties, and consists in making them of metal plates, covered with leather, cloth, or other suitable material, having holes punched in them, as usual, for the screws or nails, by which they are fastened on the clog or patten; and also for the strings or ribbons that secure the clog or patten on the foot.

The second part of the invention relates to the manufacturing of hooks, for fastening ladies' dresses, which are so constructed as to prevent the hooks from coming out of the eyes, in which they are inserted, without considerable pres

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