fly-wheel, and on the other end a cog-wheel, which takes into a pinion on the beater-shaft. Across the top of the machine, near the front end, a large horizontal iron beam is fastened, and in a shoulder, at each end of it, two eyes, furnished with brass collars, are fixed, about three or four inches asunder. In each pair of eyes a small iron bar plays, from the centre of which a pin rises, and upon it a lever is fastened, by means of a nut. The short end or beak of each lever is connected by a rod to a crank upon the flywheel, or cog-wheel, and, manual power being applied to the other ends of the levers, motion is thus communicated to the beater-shaft.

When horse-power is employed, a strong wooden frame is erected, and in it a vertical shaft is mounted, with a large horizontal cog-wheel upon the lower end of it. The cogwheel takes into two pinions, on the ends of two horizontal shafts, the other ends of which are formed into cranks, and connected by rods to the long ends of the levers before mentioned. The horses are attached to the upper part of the vertical shaft, in the usual way.

In the chaff-cutting machine, the arrangement is the same; the fly and cog-wheels being mounted on a shaft which extends along one side of the machine, and the cogwheel takes into a pinion on the spindle of the knife-wheel.

When this invention is applied to a mealing mill, a large sidus cog-wheel is used, which takes into teeth on the lower end of the mill-shaft.

The patentee claims, firstly, with respect to the thrashing machine, the application of the lever to the fly and cogwheels, (whether worked by horse-power or by hand,) so as to set the beaters in motion, by the power derived from the lever.

Secondly. As an improvement in the chaff-cutting machine, the above-mentioned application of the lever, so as to set in motion the wheel on which the knives are fixed, by the power derived from the lever.

Thirdly. As an improvement in the mealing-mill, the above-mentioned application of the lever, so as to set the

VOL. XXI.

2 P

mill-stones in motion, by the power derived from the lever. —[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, March, 1841.]

TO JOSEPH PRYOR, of Wendron, in the county of Cornwall, builder, for an improved thrashing machine.—[Sealed 28th January, 1841.]

THIS invention consists in a machine for thrashing corn, a vertical section of which is shewn in Plate XVII.

The machine is composed of a strong wooden frame ɑ, supported by four legs b, upon which two horizontal shafts c, d, are mounted. To each end of the shaft c, a handle e, is fastened, and upon it a fly-wheel ƒ, and a spur-wheel, (not shewn in the drawing,) are keyed, one on each side of the frame a; the spur-wheel taking into a pinion on the end of the shaft d. This shaft d, carries a drum g, furnished with eight or more angular beaters h, and having a semi-circular cover i, in which is an opening j, for introducing the corn to be operated on. In front of the drum is a rack k, formed with a concave face, upon which a series of angular plates of iron 7, are fixed; it is capable of sliding backwards or forwards on the beam m, and its distance from the drum is regulated by turning the screw n, which works through the nut o, in the front rail of the frame.

The action of the machine is as follows:-By turning the handles e, the drum g, is caused to revolve, and the corn, being fed in at the opening, is acted upon by the beaters h, and rack k; the seeds and straw are thus separated from each other, and are discharged at the hind end of the machine.

The patentee claims, the general arrangement and combination of parts of which the thrashing machine is made up, and by which a new and improved mode of operation is introduced.-[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, July,

TO WILLIAM CROSSKILL, of Beverley, iron-founder and engineer, for improvements in machinery for rolling and crushing land, and in machinery to be used in the culture of grass land.-[Sealed 8th September, 1841.]

THE first part of these improvements consists in a machine for rolling and crushing land.

In Plate XVI., fig. 1, is a side view of the machine,—it consists of a frame a, a, carrying an axle b, on which a series of narrow rollers c, are mounted, being capable of turning thereon, independently of each other. On the periphery of each roller the teeth d, are formed, and at right angles to these, another series of teeth e, are fixed. The teeth e, project on each side of the roller, and are so situated around it, that a line, passing through the centre of any one of them, would cut the outside face of the boss, in which the axle works, as shewn by the dotted line ƒ, g. When the machine is to be moved from one place to another, a pair of running wheels are fastened upon the axle b, as shewn by the dotted circle h.

The second part of the invention consists in a machine for cutting narrow trenches, at short distances apart, in grass land, and depositing seed and manure therein.

Fig. 2, is a side view of the machine, complete; and fig. 3, a plan of the same, with the seed and manure-chest removed, to shew the different parts more clearly. The trenches are formed by a series of cutters a, which pass through slits in the plate b, and are suspended from the bar c, by passing that bar through an eye in the upper end of each cutter. The bar c, is attached, by links, to two arms d, d, affixed on the axis e; from each end of which axis, also, a lever f, projects, provided with a sliding weight g, to regulate the pressure used for forcing the cutters through the turf. These levers are connected by rods h, to the levers i, i, which are mounted on axes j, j, and united by a handle k.

The remaining parts of the machine are similar to those of ordinary drills. 7, is the seed and manure-chest, which

turns on axes at each end, and can be adjusted for working on a level, or up and down hill, by means of the handle m, worm n, worm-wheel o, and rack p. q, is the cog-wheel of the drill, driven by the train of wheels r, s, t, from the hind axle of the machine; and u, are the tubes of the drill, attached to the hopper v.

When the cutters a, become clogged with earth, or are required to be thrown out of action, the attendant depresses the handle k, and thus, through the medium of the levers f,f, and i, i, and their appendages, raises the cutters, from which the earth is removed by the edges of the slits in the plate b. The cutters can be retained in their raised position, by inserting a stop in the upper parts of the curved bars w, under the levers ƒ, f; and the depth at which the cutters are required to work, is regulated by inserting a stop in the lower parts of the bars w, above the levers f, f.

The patentee claims, Firstly.-The mode of applying the teeth e, (fig. 1.) of the rolling surfaces c, for rolling and crushing land; and also placing rolling surfaces c, having teeth on their circumferences, in such a manner as to turn independently of each other, as above described.

Secondly. The mode of arranging a series of cutters, in a suitable carriage, for producing narrow trenches or cuts through the turf of grass land: whereby such cutters can be lifted and cleared from time to time; and combining therewith suitable drills, for sowing seed and manure in such cuts or trenches, as above described.-[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, March, 1842.]

TO JOHN BENNER LAWES, of Rothamstead, in the county of Hertford, Gent., for certain improvements in manure. -[Sealed 23rd May, 1842.]

THE first improvement consists in decomposing bones, boneash, bone-dust, apatite, or phosphorite, and other phosphoritic substances, previous to using the same as manure, by mixing with them a quantity of sulphuric acid, sufficient

to set free as much phosphoric acid as will hold in solution the undecomposed phosphate of lime. The free phosphoric acid is, by this means, enabled to unite itself at once with the various alkaline earths contained in the soil, and the undecomposed phosphate of lime is left in a state of more minute division than can be effected by mechanical

means.

The second improvement relates to manures for soils which are deficient in any particular alkali, and consists in manufacturing the manure by mixing phosphoric acid with the alkali required.

The third improvement relates to the formation of manure for those soils from which a crop of wheat, or any other plant, whereof silica forms an essential component part, is desired to be raised. The manure consists of a mixture of silica, in the state of ground flint, sand, crystal, or glass, with either of the alkalies, potash, or soda.

The patentee claims, Firstly.—The combination, for the purposes of manure, of bones, or bone-ash, or bone-dust, or apatite, or phosphorite, or any other substance containing phosphoric acid, with sulphuric acid, as aforesaid.

Secondly. The combination, for the purposes of manure, of phosphoric acid with any of the alkalies, potash, or soda, or ammonia, or any of the alkaline earths, lime, or magnesia, or alumina, as aforesaid.

Thirdly. The combination, for the purposes of manure of silica, as aforesaid.—[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, November, 1842.]

TO SIR JAMES MURRAY, of Merrion-square, Dublin, Knt., and Doctor of Medicine, for an improved method of combining various materials, in a manner not hitherto in use, for the purpose of manure.-[Sealed 23rd May, 1842.]

THE main object of this invention is to produce a compound, which, when mixed with the earth or soil, will generate within it carbonic acid, and a variety of useful