TO THOMAS KERR, Esq., of Forecrofts Dunse, in the county of Berwick, for a new and improved mortar or cement for building; also for mouldings, castings, statuary, tiles, pottery, imitations of soft and hard rocks, and other useful purposes; and which mortar or cement is applicable, as a manure, for promoting vegetation, and destroying noxious insects.-[Sealed 22nd February, 1840.] THE ingredients, of which the cement is composed, are divided into four classes, as follows:-First class.-The rakings or dust of roads, streets, &c., sweepings of houses and other buildings, ashes of coal and other fires; likewise small coal, culm, breeze, river or sea-sand, powdered freestone, or any other mineral or vegetable substance, in the state of dust. These articles, previous to use, are passed through a sieve, similar to those employed by bricklayers for sifting the sand used in making mortar. Second class.-Chalk or other calcareous matters. stances. Fourth class.-Bay or common salt. The cement, formed by combining together the above substances, in various proportions, is applicable for building, general plaster-work, and composition flooring; for covering flat wooden roofs, the weather boarding of wooden houses, and slate, tile, or thatched roofs; also for forming pavements and foot-paths, repairing and waterproofing old pavements, improving Macadamized roads, and constructing the arches of bridges, culverts, &c. It is likewise used for mouldings, castings, statuary, tiles, pottery, imitations of hard and soft rocks, fire-bricks, gas and water-pipes, and for fuel. The other purposes to which this invention may be applied, are very numerous; but, to indicate their general character, the patentee particularises the following: Ropes, cables, bands, rick-cloths, tarpaulings, sheathings, girth-web, for hanging coaches, carts, gigs, &c.; and also thick sheeting, for smothering fires in houses, ships, &c. These, and almost every other description of spun, twisted, woven, or felted articles, may be made waterproof and strengthened, by coating or impregnating them with a cement, formed of eight parts of the substances mentioned in the third class, four parts of those in the second class, and one or two parts of the whale or other oils in the third class. The articles are steeped in this, from three to six days, and after that boiled for a few minutes in a similar cement; then all superfluous moisture is squeezed out of them, and they are dried, rubbed, and otherwise finished. Paper, pasteboard, &c., may be rendered waterproof, as well as stronger, by adding to the pulp one part of the third class, and one of the second class. Ships' boats, and other sailing craft, may be coated outside and inside with the cement, and thus rendered impervious to water, and secure from the ravages of vermin. For the outside coating, the cement is composed of two parts of the first class, one part of the second class, one part of the pitch (in a melted state) of the third class, and one part of the fourth class; for the inside, one other part of the first class is added. The cement is laid on while hot, and three or more coatings are given, as required. When employed as a manure, the cement is made of one part of the second class, one part of the oils and pitch of the third class, in a melted state, and two parts of the fourth class; after these are mixed together, four parts of the first class are added, and the whole is stirred up, until the mixture acquires a toughness similar to that of the best mortar used by bricklayers. Previous to depositing plants in earth, manured with this cement, their roots are to receive a coating of tar.-[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, August, 1840.] To JAMES HAY, of Belton, Scotland, Captain in the Royal Navy, for an improved plough, which he entitles "the Belton plough."-[Sealed 25th March, 1840.] THIS improved plough is so formed, that the direction in which it is working may, at any time, be reversed, without turning the body of the plough. In Plate XVI., fig. 1, is a view of the plough, taken on the furrow side; and fig. 2, is a plan of the plough. a, is the plough-beam, which is furnished with handles, bridle, and coulter, as usual, and is capable of turning on the bolt b, carried by the bar c; this bar supports the beam a, and they are locked together, when the plough is working, by the glands d, and e, which embrace the ends of the bar c. The gland d, turns upon a pin ƒ, and is connected by the link g, with the rod h. The gland e, turns upon a pin i, and is also connected with a rod h, by a link j. The rod h, terminates in a handle, by pulling which, the glands are caused to turn upon their pins, and release the beam a, from the bar c. On one side of the body of the plough, two mould-boards k, k, are affixed, terminating in two shares 7, 7, the feather or cutting edges of which lie on the same side as those of the mould-boards. The soles m, m, fastened to the mouldboards, are not in the same plane with each other, but form an angle of about 176o; this angle may, however, be varied. The land side of the plough is formed in two vertical planes, which are inclined from each other, forming an angle of 176o. When it is desired to reverse the direction in which the plough is working, the attendant, by pulling the handle h, releases the beam a, from the bar c, and then guides the horses round to the place where he stood. The foreend of the plough-beam, and the handles, are thus caused to change places, and the glands being returned to their former position, by pushing forwards the handle h, the plough is again ready for use. The patentee claims, combining the different parts, in the manner above described, together with the inclination of the land side planes, as also above described.-[Inrolled in the Petty Bag Office, September, 1840.] To ROBERT COOPER, of Petworth, near Evesham, in the county of Gloucester, Gent., for improvements in ploughs.-[Sealed 16th April, 1840.] THIS invention consists in an improved construction of drain-plough, for forming trenches in land. In Plate XVI., a side view of the plough is shewn, the near wheels being removed, for the purpose of exhibiting the other parts more clearly. a, is one of two revolving coulters, which cut through the turf, in advance of the fixed cutters b, and thereby preserve the edges of the trench clean and even; they are carried by two stems c, fastened to the plough-beams d, by screws e, and wedges f. The distance of the coulters a, from each other, is adjusted by turning the nuts g, which work upon a rod that passes through both the stems c, and the depth of their cut is regulated by means of the slots in the upper ends of those stems. The coulters b, form the sides of the trench, and are attached to the plough-beams d, by screws e, and wedges f, in the same manner as the stems c. Immediately behind these coulters, two land-plates h, made with cutting edges, are affixed to the beams d, and, as they have the same degree of inclination as the coulters, they preserve the sides of the trench perfectly smooth and unbroken. To the lower edges of the land-plates a sledge i, is secured, furnished with a share or cutting-edge j, for making the horizontal cut that forms the bottom of the trench; from the share, an inclined plane k, rises between the land-plates, and terminates in a platform 7, which is curved towards the right-hand side of the plough. The earth, as it is cut by the coulters and share, ascends the inclined plane, and is delivered by the platform on the right-hand side of the trench. The plough is carried by four wheels m, and n; the hind wheels m, are attached to the arms or cranks o, of a cranked axle p, upon which, at the left-hand side of the plough, a worm-wheel q, is keyed, taking into a worm r, provided with a handle; by turning this handle, the axle p, is caused to revolve, until, by the ascent of the cranks, the plough is raised from the ground. The wheels n, are mounted upon an axle s, from which two standards t, rise, and support a screw u, furnished with handles v, v. The screw passes through a nut w, that connects the front ends of the plough-beams together, and by turning the handles v, v, those ends are raised or lowered, as required. x, x, are two rods, one of which is attached to the framing of the screw at y, its other end resting in one of the clamp-hooks ; the other rod is attached to the fore-axle, and rests in the other clamp-hook. By turning the screw 1, after the rods have been adjusted, the clamp-hooks are caused to bind them tightly against the bar 2, and prevent their moving. The apparent use of these rods is to keep the plough-beams steady when working, or in an elevated position; but this is not distinctly stated in the specification. The dotted lines shew the situations of the different parts when the plough is raised from the ground, for the purpose of transporting it from one place to another. When the plough is required to work on the side of a hill, or other uneven ground, the hind-wheels are mounted upon different axles, each provided with a worm-wheel q, and worm r; by means of which, the wheels and their axles are suitably adjusted for keeping both of the plough-beams at the same height.-[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, October, 1840.] TO JOHN SANDERS, and WILLIAM WILLIAMS, of the town of Bedford, in the county of Bedford, iron-founders, and SAMUEL LAWRENCE TAYLOR, of Old Warden, in the said county of Bedford, machine-maker, for improvements in ploughs.―[Sealed 3rd August, 1840.] THESE improvements consist in various methods of fastening the coulter to the beam of a plough, by means of which, the inclination of the coulter, and its distance from the beam, can be regulated and adjusted with great nicety. |