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sub-acetate of lead, two parts chloride of baryta, and four parts sulphate of manganese. The mixture is used, either in a dry or slightly moistened state, and is placed in a vessel, similar to those employed in the dry lime process; this vessel being connected with the supply pipe from the gas main, the gas passes through it, and is acted on by the substances above mentioned, before it reaches the burners.

The second improvement, (shewn in the sectional drawing at fig. 1, Plate XIII.,) consists in placing a reflector a, a, with two reflecting surfaces b, b, and c, c, about the centre of the length of the flame, so as to diffuse part of the light upwards, and part downwards; the larger or smaller portion of light being diffused upwards or downwards, according as the reflector is raised or lowered. A ground-glass shade d, d, rests upon the reflector, and surrounds the upper part of the flame, and within it, a refracting zone e, e, is placed, consisting of a cylinder of glass, cut, on the outside, into prismatic projecting rings, at such angles as will cast the light in the desired directions.

The third improvement consists in a new construction of burner, and in a mode of applying conical glass chimneys to lamps, in order to keep the flame quiet, and supply it more beneficially with air. The burner is shown in section at fig. 1, and in plan at fig. 2; it is composed of a number of concentric tubular rings f, g, h, connected together by short tubes i, which supply the gas. The upper surfaces of these concentric rings are finely perforated, to allow the gas to escape. The flame is surrounded by two glass chimneys j, k, the lower one of which, k, is made of a conical form, the diameter of its upper opening being larger than that of the outer ring of the burner; the upper chimneyj, is made of the shape of an inverted cone, and between its lower end and the upper end of the lower chimney, an open space is left around the flame.

The patentee claims, Firstly, the mode of treating coalgas, in its passage from the gas main to the burner or burners, as herein described.

Secondly. The mode of applying reflectors intermediate of the length of the flame; and also, combined therewith,

and placed thereon, a ground glass shade, or a refracting zone, or both together, as described.

Thirdly. The mode of lighting apartments or rooms by means of burners, composed of concentric rings of tubes, combined with suitable glass chimneys.

Fourthly. The mode, herein described, of applying conical glass chimneys to gas burners.-[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, September, 1841.]

To JOSEPH GAUCI, of North-crescent, Bedford-square, artist, and ALEXANDER BAIN, of Wigmore-street, Cavendish-square, mechanist, for improvements in inkstands and ink-holders.-[Sealed 21st June, 1841.]

THE first of these improvements consists in constructing inkstands in such a manner, that the ink shall rise into the ink-holder by the action of a piston, within a barrel, below the surface of the ink.

A section of an inkstand, constructed according to this part of the invention, is represented in Plate XIII., at fig. 1. a, is the body of the inkstand; b, the ink cup or holder, which is connected by the tube c, with the pump barrel d; into this barrel, the ink enters through the openings e, e, and is thence forced through the tube c, into the ink cup, by the descent of the piston f. The piston is raised or lowered by turning the screw g, or by any other convenient

means.

A modification of this inkstand is described, in which the openings e, e, are made in the lower part of a closed barrel, and the tube c, is connected with the upper part, so that the ink will be raised by the ascent, instead of the descent of the piston.

Fig. 2, is a section of another inkstand, which acts in a similar manner to those just mentioned. h, is the ink cup, connected by the tube i, with the piston j, which works in a well or depression 7, in the bottom of the inkstand; m, is a cork or stopper, attached to the ink cup and tube i, and fitting the mouth of the inkstand.

The ink-holder is supplied with ink by pressing down the stopper m, and thereby forcing the piston into the well, the contents of which are, by this means, caused to rise through the tube i. When the stopper is elevated, the ink returns again to the well.

The second improvement consists in a peculiar construction of inkstand, in which the ink vessel, or a portion of it, is caused to move partly round, when a supply of ink is required for use.

Fig. 3, is a front view of the inkstand, and fig. 4, is a transverse section, taken on the line n, o, fig. 3; the barrel p, contains the ink, and is capable of moving partly round in its frame q; r, is the ink cup, attached to the barrel, and communicating with it by the hole s; t, is an opening for admitting air into the barrel; and u, is a part of the frame q, which serves as a cover to the ink cup, when not

in use.

The various parts of the inkstand are represented in the positions they would be in when ready for use; but when it is desired to close the inkstand, the barrel is turned until the ink cup comes in contact with the projection u, as shewn by the dotted lines; the ink flowing back into the barrel through the opening s. By turning the barrel in the contrary direction, the ink cup, by the specific gravity of the ink, is again filled.

A modification of this method of constructing an inkstand is shewn in fig. 5. v, is the case of the inkstand, wherein the ink is contained; and w, is the ink cup, fixed upon a disc x, in the front of the case, and receiving a supply of ink through a hole in the same. The disc can be moved partly round, when necessary, and is kept in close contact with the case by the spring y, on the upper end of which, is the cover g, of the ink cup. When the inkstand is no longer required for use, the disc a, is moved round until the dipping cup comes in contact with its cover; the ink returning into the case v, through the hole above mentioned. The patentees claim, firstly, the mode of constructing the inkstands and ink-holders, by applying thereto a force

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pump, below the level of the ink in the inkstand, as shewn in figs. 1, and 2.

Secondly. The mode of constructing inkstands and inkholders, by causing the vessel, or part of the vessel, containing the ink, to move partly round, and, by the gravitating property of the ink, to supply the ink-holder, as represented in figs. 3, 4, and 5.-[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, December, 1841.]

TO MARK FREEMAN, of Sutton Common, in the county of Surrey, Gent., for improvements in the construction of inkstands. [Sealed 21st March, 1842.]

THIS invention consists, firstly, in forming the inkstand with two compartments, in one of which a piston or plunger works, and, by its descent, raises the ink for use; and secondly, in a mode of supplying the dipping-cup of an inkstand with ink, by means of a syphon.

In Plate XIII., fig. 1, is a section of an inkstand, constructed according to the first part of this invention. It is divided into two compartments a, and b; into the former the ink is first introduced, through the nozzle c, closed by the screw-cap d, and thence it flows through the opening e, into the other compartment, which contains the float or piston f, formed of cork, covered with sealing-wax or other suitable substance.

A groove g, formed in the side of the piston, communicates, by the opening h, with the interior of the dippingcup i. i. The cover j, of this cup, has a finger k, projecting from it, which, when the cover is raised, acts upon the rack 7, and, depressing the piston, causes the ink, in the lower part of the compartment b, to pass through the groove g, and opening h, into the dipping-cup; by closing the cover of the dipping-cup, the piston is elevated, and the ink returns into the compartment b.

When the greater part of the ink, in the compartment b, has been used, a fresh supply may be admitted from the compartment a, by raising the piston, and unscrewing the

cap d; and when the surface of the ink is at the same level in both compartments, the cap d, is screwed on again; the return of the ink being prevented by the air which now fills the space previously occupied in the compartment a, by the ink.

Fig. 2, is a section of an inkstand, which acts on a similar principle to that shewn in fig. 1. It consists of two cylindrical compartments a, and b, communicating with each other by the opening e; the compartment b, contains the piston f, which is raised or lowered by means of the screw m; and the piston is prevented from turning, in its ascent or descent, by a pin, acting in a vertical groove in its side.

In the top of the compartment a, the dipping-cup or funnel i, is screwed, and the ink is forced into it by the descent of the piston. The compartment b, is replenished, when requisite, by unscrewing the dipping-cup, and admitting air into the compartment a, as above described.

Figs. 3, and 4, are sections of two inkstands, similar to those previously described; but some variations are made in their construction, to obviate the necessity of taking off the screw-cap or dipping-cup, to admit air, when the compartment b, requires a fresh supply of ink.

The chief alteration consists in making the bottom of the compartment a, higher than that of the compartment b, as shewn; so that the latter compartment will always be well supplied with ink, as long as there is any in the former. The piston f, of each inkstand, is made of hollow metal, and works loosely in the compartment b; in its descent, it passes the opening e, and, by its bulk, displaces a portion of the ink in the compartment b, causing it to rise, and flow into the dipping-cup.

The piston of the inkstand, shewn in fig. 3, is worked in a similar manner to that first described, by opening and shutting the cover of the dipping-cup; the finger k, at the back of the cover, acting in an opening n, in the piston.

In the inkstand, represented in fig. 4, the compartment b, forms the dipping-cup, and the piston is raised or lowered by opening or closing the lid o. This lid moves round in a horizontal plane, on its axis p, and is held down, air-tight,

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