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Clock after the sun, 16m. 16s. Drises 10h. 42m. M.

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J. LEWTHWAITE, Rotherhithe.

THE

London

JOURNAL AND REPERTORY

OF

Arts, Sciences, and Manufactures.

CONJOINED SERIES.

No. CXXXII.

Recent Patents.

TO WILLIAM FAIRBAIRN, of Millwall, Poplar, in the county of Middlesex, engineer, for his invention of certain improvements in the construction and arrangement of steam-engines.—[Sealed 8th September, 1841.]

THIS invention of improvements in the construction and arrangement of steam-engines, consists in a certain novel disposition and formation of some of the working parts of steam-engines, whereby such engines may be rendered more compact, and more applicable to marine and other purposes.

In Plate XII., fig. 1, represents a section taken through the middle of a steam boat, shewing a front elevation of a pair of engines, constructed upon this improved plan. Fig. 2, is a complete plan or birds'-eye view of one engine. Fig. 3, is a partial sectional plan view of fig. 1, shewing the pair of engines; the section in the left-hand engine being taken above the top of the cylinder, and in the righthand engine through the cylinder, air-pump, and condenser. Fig. 4, is a partial sectional view, or rather a side view with part of the framing removed, in order to shew the arrangement of the levers for producing the parallel motion, as will be hereafter described.

VOL. XXI.

2 F

The steam cylinders are shewn at a, a, and the airpumps at b, b. c, c, are the condensers, and d, d, the force pumps. e, is the crank shaft, and f,f, the crank. g, g, the excentrics for working the slide valves, by means of the rods h, h. The reciprocating motion of the piston is transmitted to the crank and crank shaft by means of the piston rod i, i, and the connecting rod j, j.

Four upright columns k, k, k, k, support the upper part of the frame-work, and are bolted or otherwise firmly secured to the foundation plate of the engine.

The parallel motion of the piston-rod is made to work the pistons of the air-pump and force-pumps, and is obtained in the following manner :

Vibrating levers n, n, are mounted at o, o, in bearings, firmly fixed to the frame-work of the engine. One end of these levers n, n, is connected to the cross-head p, p, which works the pistons of the air and force-pumps; and the other end is connected to about the centre, or to such point as may be necessary to make a true parallel motion of the pair of vibrating levers q, q, one end of which is connected to the lower end of pendant rocking levers r, r, and the other end to the cross-head s, s, by which the connecting-rod j, j, is attached to the piston-rod i, i.

From the above description, it will be perceived, that all the necessary motions of the different parts of a steamengine, are obtained and applied in a smaller compass than that usually required in the ordinary construction of marine engines.

The rising of the piston in the cylinder, from the expansive force of the steam, forces up the piston-rod i, i, and connecting-rod j, j, and thereby transmits motion directly to the crank and crank-shaft.

As one end of the vibrating levers q, q, is connected to the cross-heads, s, of the piston-rod and connecting-rod, these levers, by the up-stroke of the piston, are raised;— this motion elevates one end of the other pair of vibrating levers n, n, depressing the opposite end, and so on alternately; by which means the necessary motion, for working the air-pump and force-pumps, is obtained.

The arrangement and disposition of the other parts of the engine, which possess no novelty of construction, will be perfectly evident by inspecting the drawings, and therefore need no further description.

The patentee claims, first, the arrangement and disposition of the various parts of a steam-engine, or any slight variation thereof, as above shewn and described; and secondly, the arrangement and construction of the vibrating levers n, n, q, q, r, r, and other parts, necessary for obtaining the parallel motion; and by which, at the same time, the air-pump and force-pumps are worked, as above described. [Inrolled in the Petty Bag Office, March, 1842.]

Specification drawn by Messrs. Newton and Son.

TO MILES BERRY, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery-lane, in the county of Middlesex, civil engineer and patent agent, for an invention of a new or improved method or means of, and apparatus for, cleansing typographical characters or forms of type, after being used in printing,—being a communication.-[Sealed 8th September, 1841.]

THE method, commonly in practice, for cleansing typographical characters, is by means of brushes, wetted with a solution of carbonate of potash and other alkaline matters. The types thus treated very soon lose the fineness of their shape, their edges wearing off, and their faces becoming rapidly destroyed by the friction of the brushes, the dirt produced by the ink, and by the sand contained in potash, as generally sold.

The improved mode of cleansing, is as follows:-A solution of common potash or soda is poured on quick-lime, and, by this combination, becomes heated. When thus prepared, it is thrown on the face or surface of the types, by means of a double-action pump; by which means the types are cleansed perfectly and with expedition.

To proceed with economy, the liquid must be brought back again on the quick-lime, and again filtered. By this means all the dirt, arising from the ink, becomes separated, and the clean liquor descends in the reservoir, where it may be used again and again.

In Plate XIII., an apparatus is shewn, which is to be employed for the cleansing of types, by the improved method.

Fig. 1, is an elevation, partly in section, of the apparatus complete.

Figs. 2, 3, and 4, represent detached parts of the filtering apparatus.

A, A, is a wooden frame-work, supporting the box B, wherein the cleansing of the types takes place. This box, which is of a rectangular form, has one of its sides made to open on hinges, as a double folding door. c, is a frame, with journals projecting laterally, supported in bearings, fastened to the bottom of the box. The frame is bent up, at its lower extremity, to retain the form or page of types placed thereon, and may be elevated, in an inclined position, to the proper height, by means of a pawle, turning on a hinge-joint, at the bottom of the box; the point of which pawle enters into one of the notches cut on the under part of the frame.

D, is a pipe, for carrying off the liquid from the box to a pan, hereafter described; this pipe is provided with a cock.`

E, is a double-action pump, with two suction pipes a, b, the lower ends of which, respectively, are inserted into the reservoirs or tanks F, and G. These pipes are also provided with cocks, to allow the liquid, contained in either tank, to be raised when required.

F, is a tank, into which the pure solution of potash and soda obtained, as hereafter stated, is, in the first place, deposited.

The tank G, contains pure water, which is used for rincing the types, after they have been cleansed by the alkaline solution.

H, is the sphere of a ball and socket-joint, in the discharge-pipe 1, which allows the branch, descending from

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