part of the breast being attached to the frame by means of a contrivance, commonly called a way-pin or way-bar, in the ordinary manner. When the breast has been thus connected to the improved plough, its front part will rise and fall with the movements of the share, by the means already explained.

Fig. 11, is a view of a double-breast plough, as it would appear if seen from above; and fig. 12, is an elevation of the back part of the same. The double-breast is cast in one piece, and fastened to the front part of the frame, in the ordinary way; but the back parts of the breasts are attached to the way-bar u, u, by means of screw-pins and nuts v, v. The way-bar is firmly affixed to the frame of the plough, by a bolt and nut w, and the screw-pins v, v, are bolted to the inner surface of the breasts, at their hinder parts, near the top edges. When it is required to expand or contract the width of the hinder parts of the breasts, the nuts of the screw-pins v, v, are turned, so as to draw those parts of the breasts inwards, or force them outwards, the elasticity of the metal allowing of this contraction or expansion.—[Inrolled in the Petty Bag Office, December, 1841.]

Specification drawn by Messrs. Newton and Son.

TO THOMAS WOOD, the Younger, of Wandsworth-road, Clapham, in the county of Surrey, Gent., for improvements in paving streets, roads, bridges, squares, paths, and such like ways.-[Sealed 7th October, 1840.]

THESE improvements consist in paving roads with two kinds of blocks combined, one being a section of a pyramid, having a square or elongated base, and the other a double wedge, cut from a similar base.

In Plate I., fig. 1, is a side view, in perspective, of the pyramidical block, and fig. 2. a plan of the same: the double wedge is shewn in several views; fig. 3, being an end view; fig. 4, a side view; fig. 5, a plan; and fig. 6, a view of the under side.

Fig. 7, represents a portion of a pavement, constructed of these blocks. a, is the pyramidical block, standing on its base; and b, the same block, resting upon its smaller end. The intermediate blocks are the double wedges,-c, indicating those that stand upon their bases, and d, those which rest upon their opposite ends. To increase the solidity of the road, the blocks b, are left slightly elevated above the rest, when the pavement is being laid; and when it is finished, they are rammed down to the same level as the others.

The modifications of this arrangement, described in the specification, are three in number:-the first consists in making the blocks b, half an inch higher than the rest, so that a firmer foot-hold for horses is obtained, and the traffic, by forcing these blocks down, consolidates the road; the second has for its object, to take the pressure off those blocks that support the adjoining ones, and consists in making the blocks a, shorter than the rest; the third modification consists in making every alternate series (or rather each series b, d,) of blocks higher than the others, for the purpose of presenting a secure foot-hold for horses, and causing the pressure to act on those blocks that have their larger ends upwards.

The patentee does not claim the two forms of blocks above described, but he claims the peculiar combination, construction, or arrangement of blocks of those forms, and likewise the modifications of that combination.-[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, April, 1841.]

To OSBORNE REYNOLDS, of Belfast, Ireland, clerk, for improvements in paving streets, roads, and ways.— [Sealed 27th April, 1841.]

THESE improvements consist, firstly, in forming the surface of the road of wooden planks or beams, arranged longitudinally, or parallel to the direction in which the road extends.

In Plate I., fig. 1, is a plan of this construction of pavement. a, a, are the planks, connected together by small iron staples, and studded with nails, to prevent horses from slipping; the planks are secured upon, and supported by, the transverse bearers b, b, which rest upon any suitable foundation.

Under this improvement, the patentee claims the application of planks of wood, arranged longitudinally, for the construction of a roadway.

It

Fig. 2, is a plan of a foundation for roads and ways, which may also be employed as a surface for the same. consists of transverse planks or beams c, c, fastened upon longitudinal bearers d, d.

The third improvement relates also to foundations for roads, and consists of plates of iron e, (see fig. 3,) curved, or dished in the middle, and supported by a framing of iron or wooden beams f.

With respect to these two improvements, the patentee claims the construction of the foundations of a roadway, in the manner described.

The fourth improvement consists in making the surface of the road of small pieces of stone, cemented into masses, of a suitable size, by concrete or asphalte; or else of cane, bamboo, or pieces of other kinds of wood, compressed together, with their fibres in a vertical or inclined position, or cemented into masses, by concrete or asphalte.

P

Under this improvement, the patentee claims the construction of the surfaces of roads by the compositions, hereinbefore described, of broken stone, fibres of wood, concrete, and asphalte.

The fifth improvement is to prevent horses or other animals from slipping, and consists in inserting in each of the blocks, now used for paving, a plug or block of any suitable hard substance, as shewn at g, fig. 4, the upper surface of the block being slightly dished.

The sixth improvements consists in cutting the trunks of trees into short lengths, and then using them for paving, placing them side by side, in a vertical position, and filling

VOL. XX.

B

the interstices between them with the compound masses before mentioned.

The seventh improvement is shewn in fig. 5, which is a plan of part of a pavement. It consists in connecting the blocks h, h, together, by means of the dowels i, i, inserted into slanting grooves j, j, in each block.

Under this last improvement, the patentee claims the use of dowels or tenons, inserted in the contiguous blocks, as described. [Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, October, 1841.]

TO WILLIAM HENRY MORTIMER, of Frith-street, Soho, in the county of Middlesex, Gent., for improvements in covering ways and surfaces, and in constructing arches. -[Sealed 16th November, 1841.]

A NEW form of block, for paving, and for making arches, constitutes the subject of this invention.

In Plate I., fig. 1, is an end view of the block, the sides of which are cut into the inclined surfaces a, and b; a tongue c, being formed on one side, and a groove d, in the other side of the block.

The mode of employing these blocks for paving, and for forming arches, is shewn in figs. 2 and 3, the tongue of each block being inserted into the groove of the next.

This form of block may be made of wood, or any other suitable material; and the shape and position of the tongue and groove, as well as the angle at which the surfaces a, and b, are cut, may be varied.

The patentee claims the mode of constructing blocks for covering roads and ways, by combining the inclined surfaces a, and b, with a tongue, and forming, on the opposite sides of the blocks, inclined surfaces and grooves, as above described. [Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, May, 1842.]

TO RICHARD GURNEY, of Trewinnion House, in the county of Cornwall, Esq., for a method of cutting wood, and incrustating the same, in order to present a sure footing for horses and other purposes.-[Sealed 25th November, 1841.]

THIS invention consists in a mode of paving with wood, and in forming blocks for that purpose, which are stated by the patentee to possess the following advantages over the other methods now in use. Firstly, greater durability; secondly, a firmer foothold for horses and other animals will be obtained; and thirdly, the entrance of water into the spaces between the blocks will be prevented.

The blocks are formed out of beams, as shewn in Plate I., at fig. 1, by making oblique cuts, in the direction of the dotted line a, or at any other suitable degree of obliquity, and thus producing the block, seen in the plan, fig. 2.

Fig. 3, represents a plan of part of a pavement, formed of these blocks, in which it will be seen, that from their peculiar form, the end b, of each block, is supported by the hind ends c, of two blocks in the preceding row, and that the hind end of the former block supports the front ends of two blocks in the next succeeding row. The blocks are cemented together by a mixture of black lead and gas tar, with which the front sides and bottom of each block are coated; they are then laid down in the manner shewn in fig. 3; the sides that have received the mixture, coming in contact with the uncoated sides of the blocks of the preceding row, and imparting to them a portion of the mixture. Five sides of each block are thus coated, and if preferred, in order to present a sure foothold for horses, the upper surfaces of the blocks may be incrusted or coated with a composition, formed of asphalte and bitumen, and a little sand, which is forced into the blocks by means of rollers, or by beating it with mallets, the blocks having been previously prepared by steaming to receive it.