depression of the fallers, having now been completed, it only remains to place the machine in a proper position, to commence another stretch of the carriage. This is accomplished by bringing the bevilled friction-pulley b, again into contact with the friction-pulley a. A stop-piece 58, fixed to the back of the carriage, strikes, at the end of every stretch, a lever 59, carrying a friction-roller 60; this roller is thus thrown against the rod 61, and pulls the chainrod 62, which is attached, at the joint 63, to the sliding retaining-rod x, x, when the catch w, falls, and holds the friction-pullies a, and b, in contact, when the evolutions of the head-stock proceed as before.-[Inrolled in the Petty Bag Office, September, 1840.]

Specification drawn by Messrs. Newton and Son.

To ALFRED JEFFERY, late of Prospect-place, New Hampton, Middlesex, but now of No. 8, Lloyd-street, Pentonville, Gent., for a new method of defending the sheathing of ships, and of protecting their sides and bottoms.-[Sealed 29th April, 1841.]

THIS invention consists in the production of various solutions and mixtures, for preparing oakum for caulking, and paying the seams, and coating the sheathing of ships.

The solutions are three in number, viz., turpentine caoutchouc solution, naphtha caoutchouc solution, and coaloil caoutchouc solution.

The turpentine caoutchouc solution is formed by dissolving one part, by weight, of caoutchouc, in twelve parts, by weight, of spirits of turpentine.

The naphtha caoutchouc solution consists of one part of caoutchouc, dissolved in twelve parts of rectified coal naphtha.

The coal-oil caoutchouc solution is produced by dissolving caoutchouc in coal-oil, the proportions being the same as in the two former solutions.

The mixtures are asphalte mixtures, Nos. 1 and 2, and lac mixtures, Nos. 1 and 2.

The asphalte mixture, No. 1, consists of two parts, by weight, of powdered asphalte, dissolved in one part of the naphtha caoutchouc solution.

The asphalte mixture, No. 2, is composed of two parts, by weight, of asphalte, dissolved in one part of the coal-oil caoutchouc solution, and to four parts of this mixture, one part of a solution of corrosive sublimate is added. This solution is prepared by dissolving two parts of powdered corrosive sublimate, in three parts of white naphtha, in a glazed earthenware vessel, and then adding three parts of coal-oil to it.

The lac mixtures, Nos. 1 and 2, are prepared in a similar manner to the asphalte mixtures, with this exception, that lac is employed instead of asphalte.

Oakum is prepared for caulking by soaking it in either the turpentine or naphtha caoutchouc solutions; the superfluous solution is then pressed out, the fibres separated, and the oakum being dried, is ready for use. The asphalte mixture, No. 1, or the lac mixture, No. 1, is used for paying the seams.

The sides and bottoms of ships are protected by a coating of the asphalte or lac mixtures, one-eighth of an inch thick; either of the mixtures No. 1, may be applied to the parts above water, or for the first coat of the parts below water; but one of the mixtures No. 2, must be used for the remaining coats, which the under parts of the vessels receive. The mixtures are applied, when hot, by means of a brush, each coat being allowed to dry before the following one is laid on, and the surface of the last coat is smoothed by the application of heat.

The patentee claims, firstly, the method, by the means herein described, of defending the sheathing of ships, and of protecting their sides and bottoms; secondly, the application of caoutchouc for the same purpose; and thirdly, the application of lac for effecting the same object.—[Inrolled in the Petty Bag Office, October, 1841.]

To EDWARD HAMMOND BENTALL, of Heybridge, in the county of Essex, iron-founder and agricultural implement-maker, for certain improvements in ploughs.[Sealed 10th June, 1841.]

THESE improvements in ploughs consist, in the first instance, in the peculiar construction and mode of adapting an adjustable lever to the frame of a plough, such adjustment being for the purpose of changing the inclination of the share, which is attached to the end or nose of the lever, so that the point of the share may stand at any required angle below or above the level of the sole, slade, or ground of the plough, and thereby be made to take a greater or less depth in the soil.

Secondly. In the peculiar forms of the shares, and modes of attaching them to such adjustable levers.

Thirdly. In the mode of affixing the breast or mouldboard to the plough, in order that it may rise and fall with the adjustable lever and share.

Fourthly. In the means of contracting or expanding the breasts of a double-breast plough, when such doublebreast is cast or formed in one piece.

In Plate I., fig. 1, represents, in elevation, the frame a, a, a, of one of the improved ploughs, (the breast being removed, in order to shew the parts behind); b, b, is the adjustable lever, to which the share c, is attached; and d, is the sole, slade, or ground of the plough.

Fig. 2, represents the form of the under part of the sole, slade, or ground d, and of the share c, when attached; the shape of the under side of the frame a, and of the nose of the lever b, being represented by dots.

Fig. 3, shews the form of the under side of the lever b, near its nose, and fig. 4, that of the frame a.

Fig. 5, is a section upon an enlarged scale, taken vertically through the fore part of the frame a, and through the fore part of the lever b, shewing the manner in which the lever and the frame are connected together, at bottom, by a loose bolt g.

The lever b, has a transverse groove e, cut in its under part, which, when applied to the frame, as seen in fig. 5, bears upon a ridge f, and thereby allows the lever to vibrate, in a small degree, upon the frame, the ridge ƒ, being its joint or fulcrum. The lever and frame are held together, at this part, by a loose pin or bolt g, having a dove-tailed head, which pin is passed through corresponding holes in the frame and lever,-a counter-sunk recess, in the under part of the frame, receiving the head of the bolt, and a nut h, screwed on to the reverse end of the bolt, keeping the lever and frame in connection.

The upper part of the lever b, shewn in fig. 1, is connected to the frame by a bolt i, fixed in the end of the lever, and passed through a hole in the ear k, having two nuts screwed on to the bolt, at opposite sides of the ear.

The share c, is slidden on to the nose of the lever b, and is fastened thereto by a bolt l, (see figs. 1 and 2,) which is passed through a hole in the lever.

The lever and share being thus attached to the frame of the plough, if the point of the share is required to go deeper into the ground than the level of the sole, the nuts are turned further on to the screw of the bolt i, which brings the upper end of the lever nearer to the ear k, and, consequently, depresses the nose of the lever and the share, as shewn by dots in fig. 1, the lever turning upon the ridge f, as a joint or fulcrum, the loose connecting bolt g, admitting of that slight movement; and if the point of the share is to be raised, the nuts upon the screw i, are turned in the opposite direction.

Fig. 6, represents another modification of the adjustable lever, and mode of attaching the share thereto. In this instance, there is a slight but unimportant variation in the form of the fore part of the frame a, and the lever b, is made with two chaps at its end, which hold the share. This lever moves upon a fulcrum-pin instead of the ridge f, formerly described, but is adjusted by nuts, on a screw i, working against an ear k, as before explained.

Fig. 7, represents the last-mentioned lever detached, and partly in perspective. Fig. 8, is a similar representa

tion of the upper chap. Fig. 9, is the pad or fore-shoe, to be appended to the under part of the nose of the lever. Fig. 10, is the share, of a peculiar form, suited to this mo dification.

In putting the parts of this plough together, the lever b, is first attached to the frame a, by passing a pin or bolt m, through an aperture in the frame, and through the circular hole in the lever; and the screw i, is inserted into the ear k. The chap n, is then placed upon the nose of the lever b, and the bolt m, passed through the eye in the hinder part of the chap; and by means of a screw-nut, on the end of the bolt m, the frame, lever, and chap, are made fast together.

The back edge o, of the share c, is then inserted between the chap n, and nose of the lever b, and by means of a bolt and nut p, is kept securely between them. The pad or fore-shoe q, is then to be attached and made fast to the lever by a bolt and screw-nut r. The shoe or slade d, may be bolted on to the under part of the frame, in the ordinary way.

In order to give any required dip or elevation to the point of the share, the nuts, on the screw i, must be moved, as before described.

If it be thought desirable to adjust the plough, whilst it is progressing, a longitudinal screw-shaft may be made to extend from the front to the back of the plough, the forward end being passed through a swivelled eye or socket, at the top of the lever; and the reverse end of the shaft being supported in a bearing, fixed into the back part of the plough; the shaft can then be turned, when required, by a winch or other apparatus, within convenient reach of the ploughman.

As it will be necessary that the front part of the breast of the plough should rise and fall with the elevation or depression of the share, the fore part of the breast is secured to the lever b, in one instance, or to the chap n, of the lever b, in the other instance, by means of a pin or bolt, passed through a hole t, in the lever or chap, making it fast at the under side by a screw-nut, the back or hinder