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X. Ermen's Spinning Machinery; and Clarke's Improvements in Figure Looms.

XI. Fairbairn's Machinery for Dressing Hemp; Palmer's Improvements in Lamps and Candles; Steven and King's Candlesticks; Ash's Candle Holder; Dumont's Improvements in Stamping Letters; and Winterborn's Fire Escape.

XII. Fairbairn's Marine Engines; Ions' Improvements in Smelting; and Richards' Fire-arms.

XIII. Smith's Improvements in Regulating the Heat of Furnaces; Berry's Apparatus for Cleansing Type; Gauci and Bains' Inkstands; Freeman's ditto; Gall's ditto; and Gurney's Improved Gas Lamp.

XIV. Lamb's Rotary Engines; Bradley, Barrows, and Hall's Improvements in the Manufacture of Iron; Player's Furnaces; Schafhautl's Smelting Furnace; Rowe's Apparatus for Making Soda; and Tayler's Improvements in Steam Vessels.

XV. May's Machinery for Cutting and Preparing Vegetable Substances.

XVI. Crosskill's Machinery for Cultivating Land; Cooper's Plough; Sanders, Williams, and Taylor's ditto; Hay's ditto; and Howard's Improved Furnaces and Boilers. XVII. Ingram's Improved Scissors, Snuffers, and Shearing Apparatus; Mackelcan's Horse Engine and Thrashing Machine; Pryor's Thrashing Machine; and Kortright's Improvements in Compressing Whalebone.

THE

London

JOURNAL AND REPERTORY

OF

Arts, Sciences, and Manufactures.

CONJOINED SERIES.

No. CXXVIII.

Recent Patents.

To RICHARD SMITH and RICHARD HACKING, both of Bury, in the county of Lancaster, machine-makers, for certain improvements in machinery or apparatus for drawing, slubbing, roving, and spinning cotton, wool, flax, silk, and other fibrous substances.—[Sealed 13th March, 1840.]

THESE improvements consist, firstly,-in the novel application of certain parts or pieces of mechanism to such machines employed in the preparation and spinning of cotton and other fibrous substances, known as " drawing, slubbing, and roving frames," or machines; and also to those spinning machines called "throstles."

The particular object of the improvements, is to change the speed of the drawing-rollers to a greater or less number of revolutions per minute, so that more or less twist may be given to the yarn during the operation of drawing, slubbing, roving, or spinning, and thus varying its fineness or "number," without making any alteration in the toothed gearing. This is effected by means of a strap or belt, pass

VOL. XXI.

A

ing around cone pullies, in connection with the roller gearing, which, when shifted along the conical peripheries of the pullies, alters the speed of their driving power, as may be required.

Secondly. These improvements consist in causing the same variable driving apparatus, to act (by means of suitable intermediate gearing) upon the ordinary "copping" rail or apparatus in such machines, in order that the rise and fall of the " copper" may be simultaneously adjusted in speed, to accommodate the change in the draft and twist; but, as this will be so evident to the practical spinner, it needs no further explanation.

Thirdly. These improvements consist in the application of a novel contrivance to such machinery, for the purpose of converting an ordinary continuous circular motion,as for instance, a common toothed wheel and pinion, into a reciprocating rotary motion, or mangle wheel and pinion, as occasion may require, in the copping motion of such machines; so that it will be seen, that the continuous circular motion may be retained any required time, and thus the lift of the copper be continued for any space, according to the length of the bobbin, and then the same motion may be instantly changed into the reciprocating or that of the mangle wheel and pinion, and thus the return or lowering of the copper may be effected, at any required period.

In Plate I., the improvements are shewn attached to an ordinary spinning machine or throstle, which has been done merely by way of illustration, as it will be readily observed, that it is precisely similar, in its application and effect, to the preparing machines used in the process of drawing, slubbing, and roving.

Fig. 1, is a plan or horizontal view of a throstle, as seen from above; fig. 2, is an end elevation, taken at the line A, B, in fig. 1, or having the end frame removed, to shew the new parts more clearly; fig. 3, is a vertical section, taken transversely at the line c, D, in fig. 1; and fig. 4, is a vertical section, taken longitudinally at the line E, F, in fig. 1.

The framing of the machine is shewn at a, a, a, a, sup

porting the rollers b, b, and spindles c, c, and all the ordinary parts of the machine. The main driving-shaft d, d, carries a pulley e, around which a strap passes, and also around another pulley f, mounted upon the shaft g. To this shaft g, a cone pulley h, is keyed, and over it a strap or belt 1, is passed, which proceeds to another cone pulley i, for the purpose of communicating rotary motion thereto. Upon the shaft of the pulley i, is a pinion k, taking into a wheel, of twice its diameter, mounted upon the shaft of another cone pulley m, for the purpose of reducing the speed of the main driving-shaft to the required speed of the drawing-rollers, with which those cone pullies are in connection. The cone pulley m, is mounted upon a shaft n, which is supported, at one end, by the carrier o, and at the other by the end-framing a; upon which end of the shaft is keyed a pinion p, taking into the ordinary frontroller gearing p*.

A strap or belt 2, proceeds from the cone pulley m, to another cone pulley q, running loosely also upon the shaft g; upon this shaft is also keyed a pinion r, gearing with the wheels, mounted upon the shaft t; upon the end of which there is a pinion u, gearing into the wheel v, the stud of which carries a pinion w, driving a pair of wheels x, x, taking into the ordinary back-roller gearing.

The two cone pulley-straps 1, and 2, run between the forked strap-guides y, y, fixed to the slides and slide-rod ≈, %, which move upon the parallel guide-rods 3, 3; thus it will be seen, that the only action requisite to alter the speed of the roller-gearing and the front and back rollers, is to slide the rod ≈, either way, and pass the straps 1, and 2, either upon the larger or smaller diameters of the cone pullies, and consequently alter the speed of their rotation, and with them that of the roller-gearing.

Now it will also be seen, that the same motion of the series of cone pullies and roller-gearing, acts at the same time, and in a similar manner, upon the copping apparatus, in order to vary the speed and action of such mechanism, simultaneously with that of the drawing-rollers, by means of the copping apparatus, being actuated by a worm 4,

keyed upon the shaft of one of the wheels p*, driving the front-roller gearing.

The third feature of the improvements is seen at fig. 5, which is a side view of the wheel for regulating the lift shewn, in its relative po

or length of the cop, and is sition, in figs. 2 and 4, at 5. Fig. 6, is an edge view of the same. a, a, is an ordinary ring of teeth or pins, to be worked by the pinion 6, at the bottom of the diagonal shaft 7; so that it will be seen, that as long as the copping-rail is required to be lifted, the wheel continues its ordinary rotary motion; but as soon as the lift is completed, any stop or lever, in connection with the machine, may be caused to strike against the part b, of this wheel, and cause it to swivel upon a centre-pin a fourth of a revolution, and thus leave a passage in the ring of pins or teeth, for the pinion. to travel round from the back to the front of the wheel a, a, and thus to change the ordinary circular motion into a mangle wheel, and impart a returning or reciprocating action to the wheel a, a, and effect the lowering of the copping-rail. The part b, is shewn by dots, in the edgeview, as turned round, and the passage for the pinion open, as in an ordinary mangle motion. The swivel part b, is held firmly in its proper position by means of the tailspring c, acting upon a square, formed at the end of its centre-pin.

The patentees claim the peculiar method of changing the speed of the drawing-rollers, and the copping motion, in the manner and for the purpose herein particularly set forth and shewn in the drawings; and also the peculiar construction of a toothed wheel, with a portion of the rim of teeth moveable upon a centre-pin, in order that it may be employed for a continuous circular motion, or a manglewheel motion, as found desirable in such machinery.— [Inrolled in the Petty Bag Office, September, 1840.] Specification drawn by Messrs. Newton and Son.

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