art as developed in England, with a glance at its origin and history. By H. E. Vandervell and T. Maxwell Witham, members of the London Skating Club. London, Horace Cox, 346, Strand, 1873. The right of translation and reproduction is reserved. R. Clay, Sons & Taylor, printers, Bread Street Hill. London, 8vo. pp. 20+266, 4 double plates. A second issue of the first edition, with a new title leaf. Brit Mus. Lib. 31. Anderson (George). The art of skating; containing many figures never previously described, with illustrations, diagrams, and plain directions for the acquire ment of the most difficult and elegant movements. By George Anderson ("Cyclos"), vice-president of the Crystal Palace Skating Club, and for many years president of the Glasgow Skating Club. Third edition. London, Horace Cox, 346, Strand, W.C., 1873. 8vo. pp. 10+82, 10 plates. 3s. 6d. Brit. Mus. Lib. 32. Vandervell (H. E.) and T. M. Witham. A system of figure skating. Being the theory and practice of the art as developed in England, with a glance at its origin and history. By H. E. Vandervell and T. Maxwell Witham, members of the London Skating Club. Second edition. London, Horace Cox, 346, Strand, 1874. R. Clay, Sons & Taylor, printers, Bread Street Hill, London. 8vo. pp. 20+262 and errata leaf. 4 double plates. person than Archbishop Tait had made this blunder on the occasion of another celebration in which his lordship was interested. The Balfour of Burley referred to as having murdered an archbishop was a Lanarkshire man, and was named John Balfour, and he had got the name Burley on account of his having been a big man. His lordship, after making an explanation as to the real bearer of the titles, proceeded to say that it was 165 years since there was a Master of Burleigh," &c. In the notes to Old Mortality may be found some interesting particulars of the affair in question, but they do not quite corroborate Lord Balfour's explanation of the name "Burley." On the refusal of Hackston of Rathillet to command the party of Covenanters when he found that slaughter was determined upon, seeing he had a personal quarrel with Archbishop Sharpe, the lead was unanimously accorded to "John Balfour of Kinloch, called Burley, who was Hackston's brother-in-law." The portrait of this man, as given in the book from which it is understood Sir Walter Scott took his details, namely, Scottish Worthies, 8vo., Leith, 1816, is such as may well excuse Lord Balfour of Burleigh from anxiety to claim kindred with him. He is described as 33. Vandervell (H. E.) and T. M. Witham. A system of figure skating. Being the theory and practice of the art as developed in England, with a glance at its origin and history. By H. E. Vandervell and T. Maxwell"a little man, squint-eyed, and of a very fierce aspect... Witham, members of the London Skating Club. Third edition. London, Horace Cox, 346, Strand [Jan. 28], 1880. The right of translation and reproduction is reserved. R. Clay, Sons & Taylor, printers. 8vo. pp. 16+304, 150 drawings with the text. 34. Anderson (George). The art of skating; with illustrations, diagrams, and plain directions for the acquirement of the most difficult and graceful movements. By George Anderson ("Cyclos "), vice-president of the Crystal Palace Skating Club, and for many years president of the Glasgow Skating Club. Fourth edition. London, Horace Cox, The Field Office, 346, Strand, W.C., 1880. 8vo. pp. 10+84, 9 plates. 2s. 6d. Information is desired respecting 35. A pamphlet on skating published at Belfast a long time ago, referred to in preface of No. 15 above. 36. A pamphlet by Messrs. Covilbeaux, entitled Patinotechnie; ou, Manuel du Patineur. FRED. W. FOSTER. BALFOUR OF BURLEIGH, NOT BURLEY.-Within the last few days, at a dinner given by his tenantry in honour of the anniversary of the birthday of Lord Balfour of Burleigh and of the birth of the Master of Burleigh, the heir to the dignity, his lordship, according to the annexed paragraph from an Edinburgh newspaper, gave a "personal explanation" which may be interesting to your readers. It is, at all events, certain that most persons have till now laboured under the identical mistake into which it is alleged the Archbishop of Canterbury fell, though they have erred in good company, it would seem : "Lord Balfour said he must disclaim the credit or blame, as each one might choose to put it, of being the descendant of one who had taken the life of an archbishop. That was quite a mistake, and was a mistake that many of his friends had fallen into. No less a He was by some reckoned none of the most religious, yet he was always reckoned zealous and honest-hearted, Courageous in every enterprise, and a brave soldier, seldom any escaping that came into his hands." Still, it is difficult to see how Archbishop Tait could have avoided the error into which he is said to have fallen, seeing that in Burke's Peerage, before the dignity was restored (see, for example, the volume for 1868), "Balfour of Burley and Kilwinning" is said to be claimed by Bruce of Kennet, the descendant of Michael Balfour of Burley temp. James VI. Again, in Scott's novel the Covenanting hero is called "Balfour of Burley." Some explanation of the change of style would be interesting. ALEX. FERGUSSON, Lieut.-Col. Lennox Street, Edinburgh. OLIVER CROMWELL'S MOTHER AND HER FIRST MARRIAGE.-Now that the works of Carlyle are so specially the objects of general attention, it may be worth while to refer to a curious inadvertence in the first volume of his Oliver Cromwell's Letters and Speeches, with regard to the Christian name of the great Protector's mother's first husband. At p. 30 (third ed.) Carlyle says: "Elizabeth was a young widow when Robert Cromwell married her; the first marriage, to one William Lynne, Esquire, of Bassingbourne, in Cambridgeshire, had lasted but a year; husband and only child are stands. The date of their deaths, which followed near buried in Ely Cathedral, where their monument still on one another, is 1589." But at p. 134 we read of a house in Ely: "Likely enough Oliver lived here; likely his Grandfather may have lived here, his Mother have been born here. She was now again resident here. The tomb of her first husband and child, Johannes Lynne and poor little Catharina Lynne, is in the Cathedral hard by.' These two passages compared leave it doubtful whether Mrs. Robert Cromwell (née Steward) was first married to William or to John Lynne. Now the monumental inscription is given in Willis's Survey of the Cathedrals, and shows that he was in fact William, the son of John, and that he died at the age of twenty-seven, on July 22, 1589, his little daughter following him on March 17, which would then be reckoned as in the same year, although by the new style we should call it 1590. The inscription is as follows : "Hic inhumatus jacet optimæ Spei Adolescens, Gulielmus Lynne Generosus, Filius et Hæres apparens Johannis Lynne de Bassingbourne in Co. Cantabr. Arm., qui quidem Gulielmus immaturâ morte peremptus in ipso Etatis flore 27 agens Annum 22 die Julii, A.D. 1589, non sine summo omnium dolore, ex hâc Vitâ placidè migravit, unicam relinquens Filiam, Catharinam scilicet; quam etiam 17 die Martii sequentis præpropera mors eadem Naturæ lege natam sustulit simulque jam cum Patre æterno fruitur gaudio: Posuit Amoris ergò moestissima illius Conjux Elizabetha Filia Gulielmi Steward de Ely Armigeri." Blackheath. W. T. LYNN. mous. Although of unequal merit, there is much Isleworth. "TO SET BY THE EARS."-The following passage appears to be worth noting as indicating the origin of this phrase. It occurs at p. 351 of Divi Britannici: being a Remark upon the Lives of all the Kings of this Isle from the Year of the World IRISH POPULAR BALLADS.-I read in the Daily 2855 unto the Year of Grace 1660, by Sir Winston News of Feb. 7 a report of a meeting held at Churchill, Kt. (father of the great Duke of MarlPeckham the preceding day, to protest against the borough). Sir Winston, a strong Royalist, is depassing of what is generally known as the "Coer-scribing the dissensions amongst the Parliamentary cion Bill" for Ireland, in which it was stated that, party after the king had fallen into their hands in after the meeting, a large number of persons went 1647:to Mr. Gladstone's house and sang "Work, boys, work." The connexion between the meeting and the song is not apparent; but it becomes so when we remember that the above-named American air (which is also known as Tramp, tramp, tramp, the boys are marching") has been wedded to what may be fairly called the Irish national song at the present time - God save Ireland; and it was doubtless this which was sung on the occasion referred to. The song itself was written by Mr. T. D. Sullivan, in commemoration of the Manchester martyrs," whose exclamation, "God save Ireland," when sentence of death was passed upon them, made some sensation in court at the time, and was peculiarly calculated to impress a romantic people. 66 66 siderable interest hereafter May I take this opportunity of pointing out that the popular Irish ballads of the present day contain features which may make them of connotably in the frequency with which current politics are taken up in them? Of course, I do not refer here to the so-called Irish ballads which are sung in English drawing-rooms and written to order by English people; nor do I mean such as are enshrined in the collections of Davis, Gavan Duffy, and the like. Two small sixpenny collections, published by Cameron & Ferguson, Glasgow, and entitled The Rising of the Moon and The Exile of Erin, contain many of these popular ballads, most of which are anony "For now all the Doggs fell together by the Ears over the Marybone. The Army quarelled with the Parlia ment, they with one another, the Commons differed from the Lords, the Scots divided as much from the English, the Presbyterians from the Independants; Great was the Dissention amongst the Brethren, and all for Place, Power or Profit," &c. Exeter. R. DYMOND, F.S.A. MAURICE CHAUNCY.-I am not aware whether the following error in Froude's History of England has been corrected. It occurs in the well-known description of the last monks of the Charterhouse. I have read it in the fifth edition, " revised and corrected." Mr. Froude's authority is stated to be "Maurice Channey, probably an Irishman." The real name is Maurice Chauncy, son of John and honourable family. An account of Maurice Chauncy, of Pishobury, Herts, of an ancient and his works will be found in the first volume of Sir Henry Chauncy's History of Hertfordshire. F. B. B. "THE UNSPEAKABLE TURK."-Pennant, in his Journey from London to the Isle of Wight, speaking of Peter the Great, says : "He created a fleet in which he rode triumphant in his own seas, and enabled the high-soaring Catherine to attempt conquests in the distant Archipelago, and to subvert, in idea, the empire of the inoffensive Turk." W. N. STRANGEWAYS. 59, Westmoreland Road, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Queries. We must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest, to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that the answers may be addressed to them direct. A STONE ALTAR IN IRELAND.-There appeared in some antiquarian periodical (octavo size), about the years 1857-61, a view, with plan and elevation, of a thirteenth century stone altar still existing in a small square-ended Irish chancel. The altar, I remember, stood detached, in advance of the east wall of the chancel, along which ran a stone seat for the clergy. Can any of your readers give me a note as to where this illustration is to be found? G. GILBERT SCOTT. Church Row, Hampstead, N.W. ARISTOTLE.—Where in the writings of Aristotle is the passage to be found which Lord Sherbrooke quoted at the University College dinner? I subjoin the passage as reported in the newspapers :"On that point he would venture to cite the authority of one of the oldest writers on record. There was a saying of Homer which was not to be found in the Iliad, but was transmitted by Aristotle, and of which he (Lord Sherbrooke), instead of troubling them with the original Greek, would give the following poetic translation :'He could not reap, he could not sow, Nor was he wise at all; For very many arts he knew, And badly knew them all." according to the paper above mentioned, has been 106, Gower Street. PASQUIN SHAVEBLOCK, ESQ., SHAVER EXTRAORDINARY.-By what name was he known among men? He appears as the author of two satirical tracts, Church and King, a Thanksgiving Sermon for May 29," and "A Sermon for Fast Day, with a Defence of the Present War," both 1795. GEO. CLULOW. "PAUPUD KHAUR."-I am anxious to learn the scientific name of Paupud khaur, which I suppose to be a vegetable production used in Madras, as one of the ingredients of the thin cakes (occasionally themselves called paupuds) which_are eaten as a relish with curries. B. ULSTER RHYME.-I have been sent the following, as known in the county of Antrim :— "Neill and the Deil and the red cow faught; Neill beat the Deil, and the red cow laught." Is this rhyme known in Scotland? What can He would commend that saying to the notice of the be the meaning of it? W. H. PATTERSON. London University as teaching the lesson that it should not try to expand knowledge too far. He should be very "INTENSATIVE."-Is there any authority for this glad indeed to see less desire in that university to ex-word? If so, what dictionary has the word, and pand its examinations over a large space." ANON. ELSTREE HALL.-The St. Albans Times gave lately an account of the demolition of Elstree Hall, and some particulars of the building and of some carved chimney-pieces there, each having four full-length figures, and all resembling each other. It goes on to quote from "Miss Phillimore's little work of The Twelve Churches," that these figures are " said to be exact representations of the fetishes or gods worshipped in Africa and the West Indies." The date is said to be 1529-fifteen years earlier than any mention of the manor of Elstree. Where can a good history of the building be found? and what is the derivation of the name "Elstree"? It is on the Watling Street, and, by what writer is it used? The word occurs in "N. & Q.," 6th S. ii. 324, where ANON. has, "Infernal' used as an Intensative." Is not the word a mistake for intensive, just as one often sees and hears preventative used for preventive? Cardiff. F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. in early use; the first instance I know of is in 1615, Adams's The White Devill, p. 45: "The Eagles flock to a carkeis, and theeves hanker about rich doores." But I wish to submit that the word may really only be another form of anchor. The quotation just given supports this view; but in addition we have Shakspere, in Measure for Measure, II. iv. 4, writing My Invention, hearing not my Tongue, And again, Cymbeline, V. v.: "Posthumus anchors vpon Imogen; And she, like harmless Lightning, throwes her eye And so Brome, in his English Moor, I. i.:— In quest of a new Master...... Of laughter." I heard the bravest noise And Etheredge, Man of Mode, III. iii.: "We Shall have you now hankering here again." Honble Henry Blackwood." In what engagement did the Ajax take part on this date? Was she one of the vessels forming the squadron which was despatched, under the command of Sir John Duckworth, to Constantinople in 1807? WALTON GRAHAM BERRY. Broomfield, Fixby, near Hu ldersfield. THE LAST SLEEP OF ARGYLE.-Who was the member of the Scottish Council who saw the Earl of Argyle asleep just before his execution? Vide Wodrow, ii. 541. ECLECTIC. JOB THORNBERRY.-In what novel or play does this name first occur? Lord Beaconsfield has made it famous in Endymion; but that the name is not of his coining is clear from the allusion to it made by Thackeray : "My good sir, this is very well in a comedy, where Job Thornberry slaps his breast, and asks my lord how dare he trample on an honest man and poke out an Englishman's fireside."-Pendennis, vol. ii. c. xii. The author of Endymion has applied the name to In Scotch hanker appears to be still used for a man of somewhat similar sentiments. linger, hesitate, and doubt: JOHN JONES, A MEDICAL STUDENT.—I want to find an article which was published in a magazine or table-book some thirty or thirty-five years ago, being a reminiscence of John Jones, a medical student, showing how his uncle had been taken up by the new police, and been thus convinced that his nephew's supposed escapades were unjustly charged upon him." J. J. REV. THOMAS WELD, M.A., VICAR OF TERLING, ESSEX, 1624.-I should like to obtain the ancestry of the above. He came to America in 1632. WALTER ELIOT THWING. Boston, Mass. LAND RENT IN INDIA.-Who was "the great and dignified character" who established in India what was called the " permanent settlement" with the zemindars? [Lord Cornwallis.] I shall also be glad of reference to books on the old revenue levies of India before the East India Company had begun to dominate and governors-general to legislate. C. A. WARD. Mayfair. H.M.S. AJAX. In an old register of birth, &c., of the Potter family I find the following entry :"1807, Febry 14. Hugh Potter this day perished with the Ajax ship of war, commanded by the EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A. Library, Claremont, Hastings. [A character in Colman's John Bull.] "DUTCH MONTH."-What is the origin of this duration of time when it takes the meaning of a Why, long time, as in the following sentence?" you will be as long as a Dutch month." G. S. B. SUFFOLK PHRASEOLOGY.-I was walking, not long ago, round the estate of a Suffolk squire, in company with the owner and his bailiff, a respectable and intelligent man. The squire was suggesting here and there some alteration or improvement. The answers of the bailiff were invariably in the same form :-"Yes, if Mr. P. pleases, soand-so can be done." Was this use of the third person in addressing his master an individual peculiarity, or is it a common Suffolk or East Anglian usage? H. K. "SEARCH TICKET."—In a diary, under date of Nov. 30, 1779, I find a charge of 1d. for a "search ticket, No. 37932, drawn a blank the 13th day." What kind of a lottery was this, and why so Pole with a dash over it for Polande, and did "AS DRUNK AS DAVID'S sow."-In Hone's the compositor omit the dash? Certainly the Table-Book, col. 379, there is an explanation given statement that ale was drunk only in the countries of the origin of this phrase. His note, abbreviated, named is quite incorrect; for beer (and Elyot is as follows. "A few years ago," one David classes ale and beer together) was plentifully | Lloyd, of Hereford, had a drunken wife, who one drunk in Germany long before 1541. What can day took an extra cup." Fearing the usual be the meaning of Poyle or Pole? Are they mere "drubbing" from her husband, she "let out misprints for Wales? J. DIXON. David's sow (which, by the way, had six legs), [Poill, Poll, Pow, &c.=Poland constantly in Scottish and took its place. She fell asleep. "A company records of the seventeenth century.] arrived to view" the famous animal. "Davy such a creature before?" was usher. He said, "Did any of you ever see Indeed, Davy," remarked one of the company, "I never before saw a sow so drunk as thine in all my life." Is there any truth in this explanation? If so, what? Dr. Brewer, in his Dict. of Phrase and Fable, has a similar explanation, apparently derived from a common source. The phrase has long been familiar to me, and I have often heard it used by old people in North Yorkshire, whose knowledge of the phrase was most probably prior to "the few years ago" of Hone's note, and not derived at all from the anecdote recorded by him. Furthermore, Ray, in his Proverbs, first published in 1670, has, "He is as drunk as David's sow"; hence the saying is much more ancient than Hone imagined. F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. called? MARTYN. OLD PARR.-Can any one assist me to the ancestors and descendants of Old Parr? Ledbury. FRANK JOHN PARR. "GALLIRO." In a court roll, temp. Elizabeth, a person is fined 3s. 4d., "quia usus est galliro in die dominica." What is the meaning of galliro? W. VIEWS OF ROME.-I have 102 fine engravings by Rossini, the figures by Pinelli, size about 18 inches by 14 inches, within a wide margin. What are their value and rarity? J. R. I. NICHOLAS DENMAN, ALDERMAN OF HULL, OB. 1656.-He was one of the committee appointed for the defence of Hall between the time of the arrest of Hotham and the appointment of Fairfax as Governor of Hull. Can any of your readers supply me with particulars as to when and where this man was born, his parentage, and in what way (if any) he was connected with the family of Denman of Newhall, as given in Glover's Visitation of Yorkshire, and in vol. ii. p. 75 of Hunter's South Yorkshire? J. GOULTON CONSTABLE. "HARD."- “Hard, n. A kind of pier or landing-place for boats on a river. Marryat" (Webster's Dict., ed. Mahn). The word occurs as the name of many landing-places in the south of England, as Cracknor Hard, &c. Wanted etymology and early instance of the word in this sense. I suspect it is cognate with O.Fr. horde, a palisade, barrier (Burguy), and Eng. hurdle, from a Teut. stem hard, to weave (see Fick, iii. 57). A. L. MAYHEW. "CHEESE IT."-At our old foundation school here at Wickwar, Gloucestershire, the usual warning of cave, so well known to most of us, is very rarely used, the queer word cheese it being used instead. I have vainly endeavoured to find out the origin of this expression. Can any "old boy," interested, like myself, in school customs, enlighten me hereJOHN RIDD. on ? I thank MR. MAYHEW for endeavouring to set me right as to the origin and meaning of Teut, Diot, Deutsch, Cymry, but I fear he has only succeeded in discovering a mare's nest. I will take his sentences in the order in which they stand. First, he says "Teut or Diot never meant the earth or land; Diut-isc (whence Deutsch), never meant earth-born, autóXovos." For this I am referred to Skeat's Etym. Dict. sub voc. "Dutch," which he thinks would have preserved me from this "curious mistake." I have the highest possible respect for the learned professor who has rendered such signal service to |