jects, to whom commiffions have been granted, it fhall be wholly reftored back again to him or them from whom the fame was taken; and furthermore, full fatisfaction fhall be made for the damages to him or them thereby arifing, or the charges they have been at; and every perfon herein offending, fhall be punifhed as his offence deferves.

III. It is alfo agreed and concluded, that all differences on both fides, fufpicions, and ill-will, both on the part of the Moft Serene King of Great Britain, and on the part of the Moft Serene King of Denmark, &c. and likewife for fingular the minifters, officers, and fubjects of them, be buried and abolished by a perpetual oblivion. And further, from this present Thall expire, be annulled, and for ever cancelled, all damages, offences, injuries by word or writing, that either the one has done the other, or has been suffered by the one from the other, from the very first beginning of the now ceafing war to this day, and the determined point of time wherein all diffenfions, difcords, differences, and enmities, fhall ceafe and be laid afide: by name, the affault and defence made at Bergen in Norway, and in whole, whatfoever either followed from thence, or does thereon depend; in fuch manner, as that neither of the faid parties, by reafon of any damage of this kind, offence, or charges, do, under any pretence whatfoever, caufe the other any trouble, much lefs for this caufe endeavour or attempt any kind of hoftility.

IV. All prisoners on both fides, of whatsoever fortune or rank, shall be forthwith fet at liberty without any ransom.

V. All fhips, goods, or the like, that in this turbulent season, in the heat of this very war between both the above-mentioned Kings and their fubjects, have been taken by the one from the other, or that either party has confiscated and feized of the goods and pretenfions of perfons or fubjects of the other nation;

as

as alfo all the expences of war on both fides, fhall be compenfated by a like mutual abolition. In fuch manner, as are together comprehended in this compenfation, thofe debts of the fubjects of the King of Great Britain, which have been on the part of Denmark confifcated; but in this fenfe, that whatever debts of this kind unto the tenth day of May old ftile, and twentieth new ftile, by virtue of confiscation or reprisals, have been by fubjects paid and received, do remain utterly abolished and fatisfied; and that it be not lawful for the creditors of fuch debts for the future to pretend any thing upon this account, much lefs to urge payment of fuch for any reafon, or under any pretence whatsoever. But of fuch debts as on the said day have not been paid and received, it fhall be lawful for the creditors, fubjects of the King of Great Britain, to demand and profecute the payment, by the ordinary way of juftice. Excepting neverthelefs, 120,000 rixdollars, more or lefs (namely, accruing from a certain controverfy which arose between Christian the Fourth, of moft glorious memory, King of Denmark and Norway, and the Parliament of England, by reafon of fending aid to Charles the Firft of moft glorious memory, King of Great Britain) for which the King of Denmark and Norway bound himself, and gave his bond to a company of certain English merchants trading at Hamburgh, and there either now living, or that have heretofore lived; which claim of 120,000 rix-dollars or thereabouts, being confifcate, fhall be now by virtue of the present treaty accounted as null, dead, and utterly abolished; in fuch manner, that the creditors of that debt are not either now, or at any time hereafter, therefore to demand or pretend any thing. In like manner as is alfo covenanted and agreed in moft fignificant words, that no pretenfion fhall be at any time made, by reafon of fuch fhips and goods fo feized, and debt or money lent, in fuch manner as aforefaid abolifhed and confifcated; but that all fhall on both fides by a folemn compenfation be for ever accounted

counted as null and void: yet fo that lands and immoveable goods be not comprehended in the aforefaid voidance and annullation, but that they be without any difficulty or impediment reftored back to thofe, who before the denouncing of the prefent war were the poffeffors and proprietors of them.

VI. It is covenanted and agreed on both fides, That under the last-mentioned compenfation, neither countries, nor iflands, nor cities, nor forts, nor ports, nor other like places, are to be understood. But if it fhall be found, that either party during this war hath either taken any fuch, in or out of Europe, or may yet take within the time limited in the second article, whatsoever it be, it shall be, without any compenfation and lofs, together with all, even the fmalleft things thereto appertaining, forthwith reftored to him whofe it was before, and in the fame condition wherein it was then when it was taken, without tergiverfation, delay, or any kind of pretence.

VII. Under this prefent treaty of peace fhall be comprehended thofe, who before the exchange of ratifications, or afterwards within fix months, fhall be by common confent nominated by both parties. And, as the covenanting parties do thankfully acknowledge the friendly offices and unwearied endeavours, whereby the Moft Serene King of Sweden interpofing his mediation, hath through the affiftance of God promoted and carried on this beneficial work of pacification unto the defired conclufion; fo to teftify their like affection, it is decreed and covenanted, by the common confent of all the parties, that his above-mentioned Majefty of Sweden, with all his kingdoms, dominions, provinces, and rights, be included in this treaty, and comprehended in the prefent pacification, after the best and most effectual manner that may be.

VIII. Laftly, It is concluded, covenanted, and agreed, that the forefaid Moft Serene and Most Potent Kings fhall fincerely and bona fide cbferve all and

fingular

fingular the articles contained and established in this prefent treaty, and fhall caufe the fame to be observed by their fubjects and inhabitants, neither fhall they directly or indirectly tranfgrefs them, or fuffer them to be tranfgreffed by their fubjects or inhabitants directly or indirectly: and they fhall ratify and confirm all and every thing as they are above covenanted, by letters patent, fubfcribed with their hands, and corroborated with their great feals, conceived and written in fufficient, valid, and effectual form, and fhall reciprocally deliver, or caufe the fame to be delivered here at Breda, bona fide, really and effectually, within the space of four weeks next enfuing the date of thefe prefents, or fooner if it may be done.

Breda, the day of July, 1667.

[The following is printed from the treaty which was published by authority in 1686.]

Articles of Alliance and Commerce between the Most Serene and Potent Prince, Charles the Second, by the grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c. and the Moft Serene and Potent Prince, Chriftian the Fifth, by the grace of God, King of Denmark, Norway, &c. Concluded at Copenhagen, the 11th day of July, 1670.

I. THAT there be between the two Kings, their heirs and fucceffors; as alfo their kingdoms, principalities, provinces, eftates, counties, iflands, cities, fubjects, and vaffals, of what condition, dignity, and degree foever, by land and fea, in rivers, fresh-waters, and all places whatfoever, as well in Europe as out of Europe, now and for, the time to come, a fincere, true, and perfect friendship, peace, and confederation; fo as that neither party do any wrong, injury, or prejudice to the kingdoms, principalities, provinces, and

eftates,

estates, or to the inhabitants and subjects of the other; nor fuffer any to be done by others, as much as in him is: but rather live as friends together, ufing each other with good-will and refpect; and promoting upon all occafions the interefts and advantages of each other, and their fubjects, as if they were their own: and preventing and hindering with all their power, by their affiftance and advice, any damage, wrong, and injury, that may be offered them.

II. Neither of the forefaid Kings and their heirs fhall confent to any thing that may be to the prejudice or detriment of his ally; but if either of the Kings shall know that any thing is propofed, or is in agitation or contrivance, or that will be propofed, agitated, or contrived, which may tend to the detriment of the other, he shall be obliged to fignify the fame unto him without delay, and in the mean time to hinder and prevent it by all ways poffible.

III. The forefaid Kings for themselves, their heirs and fucceffors, mutually do undertake and promife, That they will not aid or furnish the enemies of either party, that shall be aggreffors, with any provifions of war, as foldiers, arms, engines, guns, fhips, or other neceffaries for the ufe of war, or fuffer any to be furnished by their subjects: but if the subjects of either Prince fhall prefume to act contrary hereunto, then that King, whofe fubjects fhall have so done, shall be obliged to proceed against them with the highest feverity, as against feditious perfons, and breakers of the league.

IV. It is further covenanted and agreed, That if at any time hereafter, any prince or ftate fhall invade, or by any hoftile way attempt upon the hereditary kingdoms, provinces, counties, towns, islands, territories, or dominions of the King of Denmark, which he now poffeffeth, then the King of Great Britain shall affift the faid King of Denmark in time, with fuch number of land forces and fhips of war, against such

aggreffor,