to, and made a part of the Michigan Territory, from and after the formation of the said state, subject, nevertheless, to be hereafter disposed of by Congress according to the right reserved in the fifth article of the ordinance aforesaid, (of 1787,) and the inhabitants therein shall be entitled to the same privileges and immunities, and subject to the same rules and regulations in all respects with the other citizens of the Michigan Territory." (Laws of Congress, 1818.)

NOTE H. Page 255.

General Gaines, in a letter dated at Rock Island, June 20th, 1831, gives the following account of his expedition, and his views of the future action of Black Hawk's band:

"I have visited the Rock River villages with a view to ascertain the localities, and, as far as possible, the dispositions of the Indians. They confirm me in the opinion that I had previously formed, that whatever may be their feelings of hostility, they are resolved to abstain from the use of their tomahawks and fire-arms, except in self-defence. But few of their warriors were to be seen-their women and children, and their old men appeared anxious, and at first somewhat confused, but none attempted to run off. Having previously notified their chiefs that I would have nothing more to say to them, unless they should desire to inform me of their intention to move forthwith, as I had directed them, I did not speak to them, though within fifty yards of many of them. I had with me on board the steamboat, some artillery, and two companies of infantry. Their village is immediately on Rock River, and so situated that I could from the steamboat destroy all their bark houses (the only kind of houses they have) in a few minutes, with the force now with me, probably without the loss of a man. But I am resolved to abstain from firing a shot without some bloodshed, or some manifest attempt to shed blood, on the part of the Indians. I have already induced the one-third of them to cross the Mississippi to their own land. The residue, however, say, as the friendly chiefs report, that they never will move; and what is very uncommon, their women urge their hostile husbands to fight, rather than to move, and thus to abandon their homes.

NOTES TO CHAPTER VI.

NOTE A. Page 264.

AN INDIAN TALK,

Delivered at the head of the Four Lakes, May 25th, 1832, to the Winnebagoes, by Henry Gratiot, sub-Indian-agent, and General Henry Dodge, in the presence of fifty mounted volunteers, commanded by Captains James H. Gentry, and John H. Rountree.

General Dodge said

"My friends: Mr. Gratiot, your father, and myself have met to have a talk with you; having identified us both, as your friends, in making a sale of your country to the United States, you will not suspect us for deceiving you.

"The Sacs have shed the blood of our people; the Winnebago Prophet, and as we are told one hundred of your people have united with Black Hawk and his party; our people are anxious to know in what relation you stand to us, whether as friends or enemies.

"Your residence being near our settlements, it is necessary and proper that we should explicitly understand from you, the chiefs and warriors, whether or not you intend to aid, harbour, or counsel the Sacs in your country; to do so will be considered as a declaration of war on your part.

"Your great American father is the friend of the Red Skins; he wishes to make you happy. Your chiefs who have visited Washington, know him well; he is mild in peace, but terrible in war; he will ask of no people what is not right, and he will submit to nothing wrong; his power is great, he commands all the warriors of the American people; if you strike us, you strike him, and to make war on us, you will have your country taken from you, your annuity money will be forfeited, and the lives of your people must be lost. We speak the words of truth; we hope they will sink deep in your hearts.

The Sacs have killed eleven of our people, and wounded three; our people have killed eleven of the Sacs; it was but a small detachment of our army who were engaged with the Sacs; when the main body of our army appeared, the Sacs run.

"The Sacs have given you bad counsel, they tell you lies and no truth;

stop your ears to their words; they know death and destruction follows them; they want you to unite with them, wishing to place you in the same situation with themselves.

“We have told you the consequences of uniting with our enemies; we hope, however, that the bright chain of friendship will still continue; that we may travel the same road in friendship, under a clear sky.

"We have always been your friends; we have said that you would be honest, and true to your treaties; do not let your actions deceive us. So long as you are true and faithful we will extend the hand of friendship to you and your children; if unfaithful to your treaties, you must expect to share the fate of the Sacs."

NOTE B. Page 265.

His Excellency JOHN REYNOLDS:

MINERAL POINT, May 8th, 1832.

Dear Sir--The exposed situation of the settlements of the mining district to the attack of the Indian enemy, makes it a matter of deep and vital interest to us, that we should be apprized of the movements of the mounted men under your excellency's immediate command. Black Hawk and his band, it is stated by the last advices we have had on this subject, was to locate himself about twenty miles above Dixon's Ferry, on Rock River. Should the mounted men under your command make an attack on that party, we would be in great danger here; for should you defeat Black Hawk, the retreat would be on our settlements. There are now collected within twenty miles above our settlements, about two hundred Winnebagoes, and should the Sauks be forced into the Winnebago country, many of the wavering of that nation would unite with the hostile Sauks. I have no doubt it is part of the policy of this banditti to unite themselves as well with the Pottawatamies, as Winnebagoes. It is absolutely important to the safety of this country, that the people here should be apprized of the intended movements of your army. Could you detach a part of your command across the Rock River, you would afford our settlements immediate protection, and we would promptly unite with you, with such a mounted force as we could bring into the field. Judge Gentry, Colonel Moore, and James P. Cox, Esq., will wait on your excellency and receive your answer.

I am, sir, with respect and esteem, your obedient servant,

HENRY DODGE, Commanding Michigan Militia.

VOL. I.-27

NOTE C. Page 267.

Narrative of the killing of Felix St. Vrain, Indian agent of the Sauks and Foxes, Aaron Hawley, and others, during the Black Hawk War. Compiled from the personal narrative of Mr. Asahel Higginbotham, and Mrs. Phebe Baldwin, the widow of Mr. Hawley:

"Aaron Hawley, William Hale, John Fowler, and another person, left Dixon's Ferry, on Rock River, on the 22d of May, 1832, for the purpose of examining the country, in order to make settlements. They travelled as far as Buffalo Grove, and there found a white man lying dead in their path; he was known to them, his name was Dearley or Durley. The party then immediately returned to Dixon's, and stayed until the next day. On the following morning they were joined by Mr. St. Vrain, the Indian agent, Alexander Higginbotham, Aquilla Floyd, and one Kinney. This party then came to Buffalo Grove, and buried the body of Durley. They then started for IIamilton's settlement, (Wiota,) and having travelled about ten miles in that direction, camped for the night.

"At daylight the next morning they again started, proceeded about three miles, and then stopped to cook breakfast. While this was being prepared, Higginbotham discovered some tracks of ponies or Indian horses, and informed his companions. They immediately pursued their journey some three-fourths of a mile, when they discovered an Indian on their right, and instantly afterward saw one band of Indians collected on their right, then, another band in their front, and next, a third band in their rear. The whole number of these Indians, as it was afterward learned, was thirty-nine. The whole party of the whites fled, and were followed by the Indians. John Fowler was killed in about a quarter of a mile from the place where the Indians were first seen, St. Vrain in half a mile, and IIale in a mile; the party lost sight of the Indians after running about eight or ten miles.

They then travelled five or six miles, and directed their course toward Galena; they pursued this direction for some three or four miles, and then fell in again with the same band of Indians, who gave them chase for five or six miles, and they then lost sight of that band altogether. The party then crossed Brush Creek, and fell in with another band; they immediately turned back and recrossed the creek. After crossing back, they travelled some six or eight miles to the waters of Plum River, and laid by until it was dark, and then started for Galena. They travelled all night, and laid by all the next day; travelled all the second night, and on the morning of the third day arrived at Galena.

"Aaron Hawley's horse being the fastest, he left the company when the Indians were first seen, and was, as supposed, cut off by them. The last that was seen of him, he was making his course toward the Pecatonica; the body of Mr. Hawley was never found. It is conjectured that his horse was mired in the low grounds, and he was thus killed. The bodies of the other persons who were killed, were found and buried about a week after they were killed.

"The above account has been procured from a son of Mr. Hawley, who resides at Argyle, Lafayette county, about two miles from the scene of the battle of the Pecatonica."

After the Black Hawk War was over, treaties were made at Rock Island with the Sacs and Foxes, and with the Winnebagoes, in which was a stipulation for the delivering up to the Americans, for punishment, the murderers of St. Vrain, the Indian agent. In connection with this subject, the following talk, delivered by General Dodge to the Winnebago chiefs, sufficiently explains itself:

An Indian Talk, delivered to the Chiefs of the Winnebago nation, after the Treaty at Rock Island, on the subject of the murderers of St. Vrain and others.

General Dodge said--“Chiefs of the Winnebagoes: When I last met you at the Four Lakes, I told you that a cloud of darkness would rest on your nation until you delivered up the eight murderers taken by you last fall, under a stipulation of the treaty made at Rock Island. You acted in that respect in good faith: the murderers have made their escape, and have received your aid and protection during the winter on Rock River. Your agent, Mr. Gratiot, stated to me that he had seen four of them he identified the Indian who killed the agent of the Sacs and Foxes, Mr St. Vrain.

"It becomes my duty to demand of you, the chiefs, that these murderers be delivered to me, to be dealt with as the law directs; their escape from justice is no acquittal of them. Is it right, is it just, that men who professed to be our friends, and when the government of the United States was in a state of peace with them, that a part of your nation should unite with the Sacs and Fox Indians to kill our weak and defenceless citizens on this frontier, and charge their crimes on the Sacs? The men who participated in killing the United States Indian agent, and his murderer, whom, as Mr. Gratiot, your agent, states, Mr. St. Vrain had fed and treated with hospitality and friendship, at his house on Rock Island, but two weeks before he was killed!—the Indian who barbarously cut off his hands and feet before his death!-have been permitted by you to go at