A Manual of Steam-boilers: Their Design, Construction, and Operation ...

Cover
J. Wiley & Sons, 1896 - 881 Seiten
 

Inhalt

Method of detecting Overstrain
36
Effect of Temperature
37
Crystallization and Granulation
38
Iron and Steel compared
39
Grades and Qualities of Iron Boilerplate
40
Manufacture of Iron and Steel plate
41
Methods of Test of Iron and Steel
42
Results of Tests
43
Specifications of Quality
44
CHAPTER II
45
Methods of Working
46
Special Precautions in using Steel
47
Rivets and Rivet Iron and Steel
48
Sizes Forms and Strength of Rivets
49
Strength of riveted Seams Helical Seams
50
Punched and Drilled Plates
51
Steamriveting and Handriveting
52
Welded Seams
53
Struckup or Pressed Shapes
54
Cast and Malleableized Iron Brass and Copper
55
Tenacity Elasticity Ductility Resilience
56
Stayed Surfaces Stays and Braces
57
Relative Strength of Shell and Sectional Boilers
58
Loss of Strength and Ductility of Metal
59
Deterioration of Boilers
60
Inspection and Test of Boilers
61
Combustion defined Perfect Combustion
62
Fuels Coal defined
63
Anthracite Coals
64
Bituminous Coals
65
Lignites
66
Peat or Turf
67
Second Law of Thermodynamics
108
Molecular Constitution of Bodies
109
Solids Liquids and Gases defined the perfect gas
110
Heat and Matter Specific Heats 112 Sensible and Latent Heats
112
Latent Heat of Expansion
113
Latent Heats of Fusion and Vaporization
114
Distribution of Heatenergy
115
Application of First Law Equations
116
Application of Second Law
117
Computation of Internal and External Forces and Work PAGE
118
Steam Generation and Application
119
Properties of Water Water as a Solvent
120
Composition and Chemistry of Water
121
Sources and Purity of fresh Water
122
Sea Water Deposits and Remedies
123
Technical Uses of Water Filtration
124
Wateranalysis
125
Purification of Water
126
Physical Characteristics of Water
127
Changes of Physical State
128
The Critical Point
129
The Spheroidal State Superheated Water
130
Vaporization Superheating Steam
131
Thermal and Thermodynamic Relations
132
Internal Pressures and Work Total and Latent Heats
133
Computation of Internal Work and Pressure
134
Specific Volumes of Steam and Water
135
Relations of Temperatures Pressures and Volumes
136
Specific Heats of Water and Steam
137
Computation of Latent and Total Heats
138
Factors of Evaporation
139
Regnaults Researches and Methods
140
Regnaults Tables
141
Stored Energy in Steam Tables
142
Curves of Energy
143
Power of Steam of Boilers
144
Wood
159
Coke
160
Charcoal
162
Pulverized Fuel
164
SEC PAGE 72 Liquid Fuels
165
Gaseous Fuels
167
Artificial Fuels
168
Heating Power of Fuels
170
Temperature of the Fire
172
Minimum Air required
178
Temperature of Products of Combustion
179
Location and Form of Dampers
181
Rate of Combustion
184
Efficiency of Furnace
185
Economy of Fuel
191
Composition of Fuels
192
Heating Effects of Fuels
194
Composition of Ash
200
Commercial Value of Fuels
201
Furnace Management
204
Adaptation of Boiler Furnace and Fuel
206
CHAPTER IV
207
Methods of Production Combustion
208
Temperatures Quantities of Heat Specific Heat
210
Thermometry Calorimetry
214
Transfer of Heat
215
Radiation of Heat
216
Conduction
217
Low Water
218
Convection
219
Transfer of Heat in the Steam Boiler
220
Formulas for Efficiency of Heating Surfaces and Area of Cooling Surfaces
221
Method of Corrosion
224
Effect of Incrustation and Deposits
228
CHAPTER V
229
Incrustation Sediment
230
Energetics Heatenergy and Molecular Velocity
233
Heatenergy as related to Temperature
235
Quantitative measure of Heatenergy
236
Heat transformations
237
Thermodynamics defined
238
PAGE 487
249
Relative Values of Boilers 489
250
Variation of Efficiency with Consumption of Fuel and Size of Grate 489
252
Combined Power and Efficiency
253
Apparatus and Methods of Test
254
Standard Test trials
255
Instructions and Rules for Standard Method
256
Precautions Blanks and Record
257
Results of Testtrials
258
Quality of Steam
259
Form of Barrel Calorimeter and use
260
Theory of Calorimeters
261
PAGE
262
Conditions of Efficiency Pressure chosen
303
Principles of Design
304
Controlling Ideas in Construction
307
70
309
83
311
Watertubes and Firetubes
312
Shell and Sectional Boilers
314
Special conditions affecting Design
317
APPENDIX
322
94
323
Draught Gauges 490
326
Furnace and Grate
329
96
331
Relative areas of Chimney Flues and Grate
334
Common Proportions and Work of Boiler
335
Usual rates of Evaporation
338
Boiler Power Number and Size
340
Standard Sizes of Tubes Spacing
341
104
343
Details of the Problem
345
CHAPTER VIII
346
Designing the Plain Cylinder Boiler
350
Stationary Flue Boilers
354
Cylinder Tubular Boilers
358
Marine Flue Boilers
361
Marine Tubular Boilers
362
Sectional and Watertube Boilers
364
Upright and Portable Boilers
369
Locomotive Boilers
371
Setting Steam Boilers Suspension
376
Covering
380
Steam and Water pipes
383
Safety Valves
385
Feed Apparatus Heaters
392
CHAPTER X
400
Apparatus and Machinery
401
Shearing Planing Fitting
402
Flanging and Pressing Drilling and Punching 190 Forming bent parts 191 Riveting and Riveting Machines Welding 192 Setting Tubes and Flues Sta...
413
108
415
Assembling 195 Inspection
420
112
421
115
422
Sectional Boilers
423
Transportation and Delivery
424
CHAPTER XI
425
Form of Specifications generally 202 Specification for Steam Boilers 203 Sample Specifications
427
Specification of Quality and Tests of Metal 205 Duties of the Inspector
438
CHAPTER XII
440
Managing Fires 209 Use of various kinds of Fuel 210 Liquid and Gaseous Fuels 211 Solid Fuels
444
117
453
Repairs
465
CHAPTER XIII
472
Algebraic Theory of Efficiencies
483
254
490
255
492
256
493
Properties of Steam
501
PAGE 381
511
260
519
123
521
125
523
263
524
265
531
535
535
268
538
269
541
270
543
271
548
272
550
Probable Possible and unusual improba ble and absurd
551
273
553
Statistics of Explosions and Causes 274 Theories and Methods of Explosion
558
275
559
276
561
Colburns Theory of Explosions 276 Lawsons and other Experiments 277 Energy stored in heated metal
567
278
568
280
574
127
575
129
576
281
578
385
587
285
593
144
599
148
600
149
602
152
603
153
605
155
606
156
607
291
612
292
614
160
619
162
621
164
624
401
646
538
647
413
649
420
654
Energy in Water and Steam
656
Holdingpower of Boilertubes
662
Johnsons Results Corrected and Compared
668
Coefficients of Expansion of Solids
675
422
677
Gratesurface provided in Steamboilers per Indicated
678
Percentage Loss of Heat for Various Pipecoverings
689
Priming Test with Throttling Calorimeter
696
423
702
426
704
427
708
438
709
Principal Results
710
440
715
Fluegas Analysis
716
442
717
444
866
Form and Location of Bridgewall 381
869
541
870
549
873
Energy stored in superheated water Experiments of Donny and Dufour Deaeration of water
876
589
877
Relative Security of Boilers 592
878
Test of Value of Fuel
881

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Seite 212 - calorie," as it was called by the French philosophers who first adopted the metric system, is that quantity of heat which is required to raise the temperature of one kilogramme of water one degree centigrade, — the
Seite 492 - In preparing for and conducting trials of steamboilers, the specific object of the proposed trial should be clearly defined and steadily kept in view. II. Measure and record the dimensions, position, etc., of grate and heating surfaces, flues and chimneys, proportion of air space in the grate surface, kind of draught, natural or forced.
Seite 496 - When very good coal is used and the combustion not 'too rapid, a ten-hour test may be run without any cleaning of the grates, other than just before the beginning and just before the end of the test. But in case the grates have to be cleaned during the test, the intervals between one cleaning and another should be uniform.
Seite 540 - Airy, a cubic foot of heated water, under a pressure of 60 or 70 pounds per square inch, has about the same energy as one pound of gunpowder. The gunpowder exploded has energy sufficient to raise its own weight to a height of nearly 50 miles ; while the water has enough to raise its weight about one-sixtieth that height.
Seite 496 - In tests for purposes of scientific research, in which the determination of all the variables entering into the test is desired, certain observations should be made which are in general not necessary in tests for commercial purposes. These are the measurement of the air-supply, the determination of its contained moisture, the measurement and analysis of the...
Seite 239 - That the quantity of heat produced by the friction of bodies, whether solid or liquid, is always proportional to the quantity of force expended.
Seite 881 - OF THE PUBLICATIONS OF JOHN WILEY & SONS NEW YORK LONDON: CHAPMAN & HALL, LIMITED ARRANGED UNDER SUBJECTS Descriptive circulars sent on application. Books marked with an asterisk (*) are sold at net prices only. All books are bound in cloth unless otherwise stated.
Seite 811 - Galvanic Action. — Examine frequently parts in contact with copper or brass, where water is present, for signs of corrosion. If water is salt or acid, some metallic zinc placed in the boiler will usually prevent corrosion, but it will need attention and renewal from time to time.
Seite 804 - Fahrenheit.) 5. Deposition of magnesia, because magnesium salts decompose at high temperature. 6. Deposition of lime soap, iron soap, etc., formed by saponification of grease.
Seite 494 - The water-level should be as nearly as possible the same as at the beginning of the test. If it is not the same, a correction should be made by computation, and not by operating pump after test is completed. It will generally be necessary to regulate the discharge of steam from the boiler tested by means of the...

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