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"valve," through which a vertical arm rises, or by magnetic attraction. To apply magnetic attraction effectively, "the dynamic "traveller" carries a frame of "horse-shoe magnets" "set transversely," with their poles placed as near to the under surface of the tube as possible. "A similar combination of similar magnets inverted," is attached or suspended "under the body "of the governor," and in order to enable the space between the poles of the magnets in the two frames to be as small as possible, the upper part of the tube has a copper plate fitted air-tight into the opening instead of the valve. In the "dynamic traveller" soft iron may be used instead of the magnets. Electro-magnets may be used.

Details are set forth of the manner of mounting the "dynamic "traveller " and "governor," and respecting the "pneumatic "valve," valves interposed at the extremities of a given length of tube called "station valves," and other matters.

[Printed, 18. 9d. See London Journal (Newton's), vol. 6 (conjoined series), p. 158; Engineers' and Mechanics' Encyclopædia, vol. 1, p. 36; and Rolls Chapel Reports, 7th Report, p. 150.]

A.D. 1834, March 13.-No 6574.

HAWKINS, JOHN ISAAC (a communication from Daniel Harrington).—“ Certain improved instruments for facilitating the cure "of disease by administering galvanic influence into the human "body."

"Various instruments" "compounded of " "any two differently "oxidable metals" "by which galvanic influence is excited, "the said instruments being respectively so variously constructed "as to convey the mild galvanic influence in a convenient manner into or near upon the parts of the body on which "it is desirable to operate." The "differently oxidable metals" (silver and zinc are instanced) being placed or pressed in contact with the body and with each other are enabled to generate electric currents by means of the natural fluids of the body. When required these instruments are made to hold "warm water whereby the parts "of the body operated upon may be raised in temperature."

The forms of the acting surfaces of the apparatus described in the Specification, and shown in the Drawings, are suited to the part operated upon, and are smooth or indented according as the part of the body to which they are applied is hard or soft; more than one couple of metals are used in certain cases; and provision is

made (when necessary) for the continuity or intermittent character of the electric current, according to the wish of the operator and during the action of walking. The contrivances for “electrizing” the passages of the human body are suited to their sinuosities, and when necessary made flexible. Besides plates, wires of the "differently oxidable metals" are twisted together, made into helices, and woven or platted together, "spangles" "overlapping " one another" are sewn on to silk, and a mixture of the filings of zinc and silver (for instance) are cemented upon cloth, &c.

The invention also comprises an instrument for puncturing the skin by suddenly letting go a steel spring from its detaining catch, which spring contains the "pointed ends of fine sewing needles, "say, from a score to a hundred," and has its action regulated by a perforated plate and adjusting screw, so as to enable the skin to be punctured to the desired depth, and thus render the transmission of the electric current through the cuticle more easy.

[Printed, 1s. 6d. See London Journal (Newton's), vol. 14 (conjoined series), p. 195.]

A.D. 1837, April 22.-N° 7350.

ULRICH, JOHN GOTTLIEB.-" Certain improvements in chrono" meters," consisting of :

66

1st. "A mode of ensuring a continued action of the balance of " a chronometer, by means of improved escapements or mechanism, which prevent the liabilility of the works being brought to "rest by any sudden shock or circular motion of the instrument "in the plane of the balance."

2nd. "Modes of compensating for the expansion and contrac"tion of the balance spring under variations of temperature," which "allow of the employment of such materials for the balance “as are not subject to magnetic influence, (viz.,) platina, palliadium" [palladium?] "glass, &c.;" "and also a mode of adjusting the "compensating parts of the pendulum of an astronomical time "keeper."

3rd. "An improved mechanism for stopping the hands of a "watch without interrupting the action."

4th. "A new mode of locking and unlocking the striking parts " of such chronometers as report the time."

5th. "A mechanism for discharging the striking parts of an " alarm or warning watch.”

6th. "A mode of preventing the oxidation of the springs of "chronometers, by covering them with a thin coat of some "metal which is not liable to become oxidated." Coating by immersion.

[Printed, 3s. 1d. See London Journal (Newton's), vol. 17 (conjoined series), p. 121; and Rolls Chapel Reports, 7th Report, p. 186.]

A.D. 1837, April 29.-N° 7355.

CRAUFURD, HENRY WILLIAM (a communication).—“ An improvement in coating or covering iron and copper for the pre"vention of oxidation."

A coating of zinc is employed, which may be covered with a second coating of tin, or of tin alloyed with lead. The zinc coating may either be applied by means of fusion, or "as a paint, "which then takes the name of galvanic paint.'

The metal to be coated is prepared by scouring;" it is immersed "in water acidulated with sulphuric acid. The acidulated "water should be heated in a leaden vessel, or it may be used cold "in wooden vessels." The metal is then "thrown into cold water," "scoured with sand and a piece of cork," "rubbed with a brush," and "thrown into clean water." Or the pieces of metal may be dipped in a solution of sal ammoniac, or dilute muriatic acid; they should be dried immediately after this last process, "and coated "with as little delay as possible."

To coat iron or copper with zinc by fusion in an earthenware crucible ::- "The zinc being melted it must be skimmed carefully, " and its surface covered with sal ammoniac or any flux;" the prepared pieces of metal are then "introduced into the melted "metal," moved about, drawn out slowly, and before the zinc surface has become set' 66 "thrown into clean water, and rubbed "therein with a sponge or brush ;" they are then dried rapidly in bran or sawdust; 66 a grated case with two handles" is employed for plates of the ordinary size; small articles are thrown into the melted zinc and sal ammoniac, taken out slowly with an iron skimmer, "put altogether in a reverberatory furnace and covered "with charcoal," then submitted to a red heat, shaken, and cleaned in a similar manner to the larger articles. Wire may be thus coated by being made to pass through the zinc, and cleaned as above.

The "galvanic paint" "is composed of zinc powder well "ground and mixed with the substances generally employed for painting;" "the oils distilled from coal tar," or coal tar itself with "spirit of turpentine" are preferred.

The second coating with tin, or tin alloyed with lead, is applied to large articles, and to vessels to receive acids or food. The articles are moistened with a solution of sal ammoniac or muriatic acid, dipped rapidly in the fused metal, and drawn out slowly, but not so that the zinc quits them: the fused metal is covered with a layer of fat or tallow.

[In the "scouring" process, although no mention is made of electrical action in the Specification, the immersion of the iron or copper articles in the dilute sulphuric acid, in contact with the leaden vessel, would generate a galvanic current tending to increase the solution of the iron or copper, and to perfect the process. The only way in which the term "galvanic paint" can apply is on the supposition that the iron or copper is partially laid bare, and thus exposed to damp, when the presence of the highly positive metal zinc in contact with the iron or copper would form a galvanic circuit, and prevent the solution or rusting of the iron or copper.]

A "Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration" was enrolled June 14, 1839, by John James Siordet, John Charles Louis Meyer, and Robert Louis Siordet, to whom the interest in the patent was assigned by Louis Count Jelski, to whom Henry William Crauford assigned the said interest; in which that portion which relates to "galvanic paint," and the second coating of tin, or tin alloyed with zinc, is disclaimed, and the invention restricted to "the mode of coating copper and iron for the prevention of oxy"dation by immersing the same in melted zinc." Also, "the "words, or any flux,' in the sentence The zinc being melted it "must be skimmed carefully, and its surface covered with sal "ammoniac or any flux,'" are proposed to be omitted, they having been "inserted with a view to state that any matter acting " in a like manner might be used."

A "Disclaimer" was enrolled September 2, 1848, by the same parties, who enrolled the above "Disclaimer and Memorandum of "Alteration;" in which the "galvanic paint," the "second coating

"of tin or tin alloyed with lead," also the words, "or any flux,'" are disclaimed; thus restricting the invention to "the mode of "coating copper and iron for the prevention of oxydation by immersing them in melted in zinc, having its surface covered with "sal ammoniac."

[Printed, 5d. See Repertory of Arts, vol. 9 (new series), p. 289; London Journal (Newton's), vol. 12 (conjoined series), p. 65; vol. 24 (conjoined series), p. 457; and vol. 21 (conjoined series), p. 478, for disclaimer; Hindmarch on Patents, pp. 293 and 430; and Rolls Chapel Reports, 7th Report, p. 186.]

A.D. 1837, June 6.-No 7386.

BERRY, MILES (a communication from Edwin Williams on behalf of Thomas Davenport).-The title of this invention is :"A certain improvement, or certain improvements, in obtaining "motive power for propelling or working machinery." This invention relates to rotary motion obtained either by means of "galvanic" magnets alone, or "galvanic" magnets in combination with "permanent magnets.

This invention consists of a number of electro-magnets fixed radially on a rotating shaft, and segmental permanent magnets ("galvanic magnets" may be used) fixed to the frame supporting the rotating shaft. The motion of the rotating magnets is made to take place, by the approach of their poles to poles of the fixed magnets of opposite names; for this purpose the rotating "gal"vanic" magnets are made to change their polarity at proper times by the motion of plates (in metallic connection with the conducting wires surrounding the "galvanic" magnets) against fixed segmental plates, corresponding in number and position to the number and position of fixed segmental magnets, which segmental plates are connected in a suitable manner with the poles of a galvanic battery.

[Printed, 7d. See London Journal (Newton's), vol. 13 (conjoined series), p. 351; and Rolls Chapel Reports, 7th Report, p. 187.]

A.D. 1837, June 12.-N° 7390.

COOKE, WILLIAM FOTHERGill, and WHEATSTONE, CHARLES." Improvements in giving signals and sounding "alarums in distant places by means of electric currents trans"mitted through metallic circuits;" they are as follows::