tion Treaty under reserve. This Convention was not signed by Germany, Austria, China, England, Italy, Japan, Luxemburg, Servia, Switzerland, and Turkey. From the Conventions on the rules of war, and the Geneva stipulations for naval wars, the same signatures were wanting, and also that of Portugal. The three Declarations were not signed by Germany, Austria, China, England, Italy, Japan, Luxemburg, Servia, Switzerland, whilst the United States only refused to sign the two declarations about asphyxiating projectiles and bullets, and Portugal only the last declaration.

THE POPE'S LETTER.

A letter was read from the Queen of Holland to the Pope, dated May 7th, asking his Holiness's moral support for the work of the Conference. Pope Leo's reply was also read as follows :We cannot but receive with satisfaction the letter in which your Majesty, notifying us of the meeting of the Peace Conference in the capital of your kingdom, has kindly solicited for that assembly our moral support. We hasten to express our warm sympathy both with the august initiator of the Conference and with your Majesty, who has extended to that Conference an honourable hospitality, as well as with the object eminently moral and beneficent to which are directed the labours that have already been commenced.

We hold that it lies especially within our sphere, not only to give to such an enterprise moral support but also effective cooperation, for the object in view is supremely noble in its nature, and intimately connected with our august Ministry, which, through the Divine Founder of the Church and in virtue of traditions many centuries old, is vested with a high calling as Mediator of Peace. Indeed, the authority of the supreme Pontificate extends beyond the frontiers of nations; it embraces all peoples, that they may be confederated in the true peace of the Gospel. Its action for the promotion of the general welfare of mankind rises above individual interests which the heads of different States have in view, and better than any other it knows how to incline to concord so many peoples of diverse genius. History in its turn bears witness to all that has been done by our predecessors to soften by their influence the laws of war unhappily inevitable, to stay even any sanguinary combat when conflicts arose between Princes, to terminate amicably the most acute controversies between nations, to sustain courageously the right of the weak against the pretensions of the strong. To us, too, in spite of the abnormal condition to which we have been reduced for the time, has it been given to put an end to serious differences between illustrious nations, as in the case of Germany and Spain, and even today we feel confident that we shall soon be able to establish harmony between two nations of South America which have submitted their dispute to our arbitration. Notwithstanding obstacles which may arise, we shall continue, since the duty is incumbent upon us, to carry out this traditional mission without seeking any other object than that of the public weal, without knowing of any other glory than that of serving the sacred cause of Christian civilisation. We beg your Majesty to accept the sentiments of our especial estcem, and the sincere expression of the wishes we cherish for your prosperity and the prosperity of your kingdom.

The Vatican, May 29th, 1899.

(Signed) Leo P.P. XIII.

:

M. DE STAAL'S SPEECH. M. de Staal, who presided, then said :"Gentlemen,—We have reached the end of our labours. Before separating and shaking hands for the last time in this beautiful House in the Wood, I would ask you to join me in renewing the tribute of gratitude which we owe to the gracious Sovereign Lady of the Netherlands for the hospitality which has been accorded to us in so large a measure. The wishes which her Majesty expressed on a recent occasion, in a voice so charming and firm, were of good augury for the progress of our deliberations. May God shower His favours on the reign of her Majesty the Queen, for the good of the noble country placed under her authority.

EXPRESSIONS OF GRATITUDE.

"We beg M. de Beaufort, in his capacity as Honorary President of the Conference, to be kind enough to lay at the feet of her Majesty our homage and good wishes. We also request his Excellency and the Netherlands Government to receive the expression of our sincere gratitude for the kind co-operation which they lent to us, and which so greatly facilitated our task. It is with all my heart that I make myself the mouthpiece of

your warmest thanks to the Statesmen and eminent Jurisconsults who presided over the labours of our Commissions, Sub-Commissions, and Committees. They there displayed the rarest qualities, and we are happy to be able to congratulate them on this account. Our reporters also have a claim to your gratitude. They set forth in their reports, which are real masterpieces, the authorised commentary on the texts agreed on. With a zeal worthy of all praise, our Secretariat acquitted itself of an arduous duty. The faithful and complete minutes of our long and frequent sittings are there to furnish evidence of this. I have, finally, to thank you myself, gentlemen, for all the indulgent kindness which you have shown to your President. It is certainly one of the greatest honours of my long life, entirely devoted to the service of my Sovereigns and country, to have been called by you to the presidency of our high assembly. In the course of the years during which I have followed as an attentive witness, and sometimes as a modest worker, the events which will form the history of our century, I have seen the influence of the moral ideas in political relations grow by degrees. This influence has reached a memorable stage to-day. His Majesty the Emperor of Russia, inspired by family traditions, as M. Beernaert has happily pointed out, and animated by a constant solicitude for the welfare of nations, has paved in some sort the way for the realisation of these conceptions"

SOME GENERAL IDEAS.

"You gentlemen, who are younger than your President, will no doubt pass through the new stages on the road on which we have entered. Now that after so long and laborious a session you have before your eyes the result of your labours, I shall take good care not to trouble you with the historic account of what you have accomplished at the price of so many efforts. I shall confine myself to selecting therefrom some general ideas. Responding to the appeal of the Emperor, my august master, the Conference accepted the programme traced by the circulars of Count Mouravieff, and made it the subject of a prolonged and attentive examination. If the First Commission, which took on itself the Military questions, the limitation of effectives and of budgets, did not arrive at any considerable material results, it was due to the fact that it encountered technical difficulties and a series of cognate considerations, the examination of which it did not consider itself in a position to enter on. But the Conference has requested the different Governments to resume the study of these themes. It adhered unanimously to the resolution proposed by the First Delegate of France, namely, that the limitation of Military burdens at present weighing on the world is greatly desirable for raising the material and moral well-being of mankind.'

HUMANITARIAN PROPOSALS.

"The Conference also adopted all the humanitarian proposals which were assigned for consideration to the Second Commission. In the same order of ideas it was able to give satisfaction to the long-expressed wish for the extension to Naval Warfare of the application of principles analogous to those which form the subject of the Geneva Convention. Taking up again a work inaugurated at Brussels twenty-five years ago under the auspices of the Emperor Alexander II., the Conference succeeded in giving a more precise form to the laws and customs of war by land. These are, gentlemen, positive results obtained after conscientious labours. But the capital work—the work which opens a new era, so to say, in the domain of the Law of Nations-is the Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Conflicts. On its title-page is the inscription: Of the General Maintenance of Peace. Some years ago, when closing the Behring Sea Arbitration, an eminent French Diplomatist expressed himself as follows: We have endeavoured to maintain intact the fundamental principles of this august Law of Nations, which, like the canopy of heaven, stretches over all nations, and which borrows the laws of Nature herself in order to protect the peoples of the earth one from the other by inculcating in them the dictates of mutual goodwill.' The Peace Conference, with the authority attaching to an assembly of civilised States, on its part also sought to safeguard in questions of capital interest the fundamental principles of International Law. It set itself the task of defining them, of developing them, and of applying them in a more complete manner, It created on several points a new law corresponding

with fresh necessities, with the progress of International life, and with the best aspirations of humanity. In fact it accomplished a work which the future will, no doubt, call 'the first International Code of Peace,' and to which we have given the more modest name of 'Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Conflicts.'"

MEDIATION AND ARBITRATION.

"In opening the sitting of the Conference I mentioned as one of the principal elements of our common study, and as the very essence of our task, the realisation of progress so impatiently looked for, in the matter of Mediation and Arbitration. I did not deceive myself in anticipating that our labours in this matter would assume exceptional importance. The work is now accomplished. It bears testimony to the great solicitude of the Governments for what affects the pacific development of international relations and the well-being of peoples. This work is certainly by no means perfect, but it is sincere, practical, and wise. It seeks to conciliate, by safeguarding them, the two principles which form the basis of the Law of Nations, the principle of the sovereignty of States, and the principle of a just international solidarity. It gives the preference to what unites over what divides. It sets forth that in the new period on which we are entering what shall prevail are the works sprung from a desire for concord, and fertilised by the collaboration of the States seeking the realisation of their legitimate interests in a durable Peace founded on justice. The task accomplished by the Hague Conference in this direction is truly meritorious and beautiful. It responds to the magnanimous feelings of its august initiator. It will have the support of public opinion everywhere, and will, I hope, meet with the approval of history."

"THE GOOD SEED IS SOWN."

"I shall not, gentlemen, enter into the details of the Act which several of us have just signed. They are set forth and analysed in the incomparable report which is in your hands. At the present hour it is perhaps too early to judge in its entirety of a work scarcely finished. We are perhaps still too near the cradle. We lack the acrial perspective. What is certain is that this work undertaken on the initiative of the Emperor, my august master, and under the auspices of Her Majesty the Queen of the Netherlands, will develop in the future. As was said on a memorable occasion by the President of our Third Commission, 'the greater the progress made on the road of time, the more clearly will its importance come out. Now, gentlemen, the first step has been taken. Let us unite our efforts and profit by experience. The good seed is sown; let the harvest come. As regards myself, I, who have reached the term of my career and the downward slope of life, consider it as a supreme consolation to have seen the opening of new perspectives for the good of humanity, and to have been able to cast my eyes into the brightness of the future." (Prolonged cheers.)

Count Münster, in the name of the Conference, thanked M. de Staal, the president, and Jonkheer van Karnebeek, the vicepresident, for the way in which they had presided over their labours. The Conference, he said, would have a great influence in the future, and the seed sown by it was sure to bear fruit.

Baron d'Estournelles expressed the wish that the assembly might be a beginning and not an end, and that the different countries would summon other similar meetings in the interests of civilisation and Peace.

:

M. de Beaufort, Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs, made an eloquent closing speech, of which the following is a translation :"Before the meeting separates to-day I am anxious to say a few words. The Dutch Government has been happy to see you assembled here. It has followed your deliberations with extreme interest, and rejoices that your labours have borne fruit.

"If the Peace Conference has not realised the dreams of Utopians, it is well to bear in mind that this has been the cominon lot of all assemblages of honest and intelligent men who have a practical object in view. If, on the other hand, it has refuted the gloomy forecasts of pessimists who only saw in it a generous effort ready to spend itself in fruitless wishes, then it has vindicated the clearness of vision of the august monarch who chose the propitious moment for assembling it on his own initiative.

"I do not wish at this moment to insist on the high importance of the results obtained. It is true that unanimous accord on the

principle of disarmament has not resolved itself into a practical formula applicable to the separate Legislatures, and in harmony with their different necessities. Let us, however, recall in this connection the saying of an eminent historian, the Duc de Broglie, who wrote some weeks ago, à propos of the Conference, 'We live in an age when we must reckon with the moral effect of a far-reaching measure as much as, and more than, with its immediate and material results.'

"The moral effect of your deliberations, though already great, will doubtless be felt with increasing effect, and will not fail to influence public opinion in a conspicuous degree. It will render powerful assistance to the Governments in their efforts to solve the question of the limitation of armaments, which will reinain the serious and legitimate preoccupation of statesmen of all countries.

"Let me, in conclusion, express the hope that his Majesty the Emperor of Russia may find in a renewal of energy for the consummation of the great work he has undertaken the most solid consolation in the severe and cruel bereavement which he has suffered.

"For us the memory of your stay here will for ever remain a bright spot in the annals of our country, because we hold the firm conviction that this stay has opened a new era in the history of international relations between civilised countries."

M. de Staal then declared the Conference closed, and the delegates cordially took leave of one another.

INTERNATIONAL PEACE.

"A YOUNG MAN'S VISION."

"And it shall come to pass afterward that I will pour out My spirit upon all flesh and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, and your old men shall dream dreams, and your young

men shall see visions."-JOEL ii. 28.

Preached at the Hague, Whit-Sunday, 1899.

By The Very Reverend CHARLES W. STUBBS, D.D. Dean of Ely. These words of the Prophet Joel had their fullest accomplishment, as you all know, in that new Revelation of God to the world, symbolised in the rushing wind and the fiery tongues of Pentecost, which we to-day are commemorating on this WhitSunday, on this great Church Festival of the Holy Ghost. But the prophetic words have also had a special fulfilment-have been fulfilled from epoch to epoch in the History of the Church of God.

In the ancient Church they found an immediate realisation. For almost within the generation in which Joel lived, we see the simultaneous rise of Prophets of all degrees of cultivation, and from every station in life. Amos, the sheep-master of Tekoa, the gatherer of figs, the prophet of simple style and rustic imagery: Zechariah, the cultured priest and gentle, courtly seer: Micah, the wild village anchorite, pouring out his terrible warnings on the drunkenness, the folly, the oppression of his country, and yet telling also of a reign of universal Peace when men shall "beat their swords into ploughshares, and their spears into pruninghooks"; and, greatest of all, Isaiah, the statesman-prophet of Israel, of great and faithful vision, " very bold," as St. Paul says of him, in extending and enlarging the boundaries of the Church, looking beyond the dark and stormy present to the onward destiny of the human race, when God "shall be found of them that seek Him not, and made manifest unto them that ask not of Him." These are but a few. There are many Prophets of that period whose very names are lost. Some, no doubt, were wild enthusiasts only, whose ravings did perhaps as much harm as good. Some were hypocrites, who "affected the black prophetic dress without any portion of the prophetic spirit." But all were characteristic of one of those great revivals of religion, one of those spiritual flood-tides in the history of humanity, which have, alas! their baser, as well as their nobler aspect.

But Joel did more than utter a special prediction for his own time. He declared one of those great principles which, as I have said, are fulfilled over and over again, and play so large a part in human history. The principle is this: that ever and anon, in a nation's or a Church's history, after some great national calamity, after some long-continued ecclesiastical torpor,

there comes a sudden and mighty out-flood of the Spirit, stirring a nation or a people to its depths, vivifying an almost dead Church, rousing dull spirits into energetic life, exalting common men and women above their ordinary selves. On every side at such periods in the world's history there arise prophets and heroes, warriors and preachers, holy and devoted souls.

Five centuries after Joel, when Israel was a conquered and tributary people, its kings no more, its national and church life crushed down, there came such a flood-tide of the Holy Spirit of God, which is the spirit of holy valour, and patriotism, and national righteousness. You may read the whole grand story in the Book of Maccabees. It was a time when the tameness and commonness went out of life for all men. New hopes and aims, new daring and strength seemed to pass into every heart. Men and women, in their daily task, lived not only for that, but for their country and their God. Old men dreamed dreams, and young men saw visions, and upon the servants and the handmaids was poured out the new spirit of faithfulness and truth.

Two centuries later the principle was at work again on a vaster scale. The old world was waiting for a new birth. Old religions, old philosophies, old political systems, all seemed to have reached a stage of decrepitude. The power of Imperial Rome, the traditional wisdom of Greece, the narrow national cult of the Hebrew: all seemed to be worn out. The last element of good seemed to have gone, for Hope was dead. The world seemed to have reached

That last drear mood

Of envious sloth and proud decrepitude :
No faith, no ark, no king, no Priest, no God,

While round the freezing founts of life in snarling ring
Crouched on the bare worn sod,

Babbling about the unreturning spring,

And whining for dead gods that cannot save,
The toothless systems shiver to their grave.

But when the hour was darkest there came the new birth, the founding of the Christian Church, the preaching of the Apostles, the fervour of the Martyrs, the wonders of the first Christian age. St. Peter saw the fulfiment of the Prophet Joel's words in their fullest sense on the first Whit-Sunday. The chill and gloom of the Crucifixion Day had passed. The little Church of the first Believers had awakened to a sense of its mighty mission, and every member of it felt the glow of inspiration in his earnest heart. And ever since that time, nearly 2,000 years ago now, men have been living under what is called a new Dispensation, a new order of things. Ever since that time when the last great crowning Revelation of God was made to man, there has been in the world a society of men who looked out upon life in a new way. They looked out upon this matter-of-fact world of ours, and somehow they came to see that it was not only what it appeared to be from outside; they came to see that Life, human life, had not only to do with outward things; that they, as men, had not only to obey certain laws of conduct and living, under penalty of punishment from the governor, or the king, or the emperor, whose subjects they were; but they came to see that they were members also of a great invisible kingdom, ruled over by a Lord whose throne was not upon earth, governed by laws, whose sanction rested not in outward things, in penalty or punishment, but lay in a divine compulsion which they felt in their own hearts, in their own inmost spirit, in a conscience, they called it, not a mere outward authority, saying to them at every turn, "Thou shalt," and "Thou shalt not," but an inner voice of the soul ever whispering "I ought," and "I ought not."

And this new way of regarding Life these men came to think was the most important thing in all the world. They gave up everything, they left their secular callings, their business in life, to go abroad everywhere telling people of this new, wonderful way of regarding things. They could not help it. A mysterious divine compulsion was laid upon them. It burnt in their hearts as a Divine energy, it touched their tongues with a Divine fire.

If we could have asked them what it all meant, they would have said, "It is the Baptism of the Holy Ghost and of fire,"it is that enthusiasm, that influence, that energy, which our ascended King promised He would send down upon us, His own Spirit, the Paraclete, the Comforter, the Spirit of Truth who should guide us into all Truth."

And full of this divine compulsion, and because of it, they were able to touch the hearts of other men, they got them to see life as they saw it, to obey the invisible King, as they obeyed Him, from love and loyalty of heart; they drew men into their brotherhood, into this society of the Holy Ghost, this spiritual kingdom, this Church of the new believers, of the men who thought about life in a new way.

And now nearly 2,000 years, as I said, have passed away, and to-day that little society of earnest believers in that far distant land, has become a mighty corporation, having Branches in all parts of the world, with a long History behind it, a record of Heroes, and saints and martyrs, and doctors and teachers, the holiest and the noblest of our race, and with a long future before it of beneficence and salvation for the world.

And in that long history, over and over again as the ages went on, the words of the prophet Joel have been fulfilled. For although, alas! it is true that over and over again also the vision has faded and the prophecy has disappointed, that at times even the Church itself has only seemed to be Christian to its own shame and to its Master's dishonour,-" Christiana ad contumeliam Christi"; that the new heavens and the new earth have never yet fully come; still, still, thank God, there has been progress-who can deny it ?-progress by periodic movements, flood-tides of the Spirit of God, on which the ark of Humanity and civilisation and social order, the ark of the Church has ridden nearer and nearer to the Haven where it would be.

"For while the tired waves, vainly breaking,

Seem here no painful inch to gain,
Far back, through creeks and inlets making,
Comes silent, flooding in, the inain.
And not by eastern windows only,

When daylight comes, comes in the light,
In front, the sun climbs slow, how slowly!

But westward, look, the land is bright."

For "when Christ ascended up on high, He led captivity captive and gave gifts unto men" for the individual the gift of true life, for society the gift of Prophecy and Vision and of Dreams. "I will pour out of my spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, and your young men shall see visions, and your old men shall dream dreams."

The gift of Prophecy: the power to recognise new truth from God and to speak it forth, to interpret it to mankind in words of fire or deeds of light.

The gift of Vision: the strong, clear grasp of master ideas, the keen living sense which a young and generous mind feels for great principles struggling perhaps for life in some mean age of scrambling and selfishness and greed; setting the heart strong and resolute to uphold the cause of Righteousness and Peace and Joy in the Holy Ghost through the coming years.

And the gift of Dream: no longer the fantastic vision of minds half-dazed with new light, but the conviction of the old man's dearly bought experience, that what perhaps he may be unworthy to see or bring to pass shall yet surely come, shall yet be a common thing full of blessing for the world, and while his own hopes depart of seeing it, yet suffers not his heart to harden, but passes solemnly in spirit into another age, and sees God surely bringing life to its perfect end at last. (To be continued.)

THE PHILIPPINE WAR.

THIS sad heritage from the Spanish War still demands from the United States fresh and ever fresh sacrifices. The truth is beginning to ooze out.

A telegram from San Francisco to the New York Herald says that some officers of the Nebraska Regiment, who have arrived there from the Philippines, express the opinion that it will take years to subdue the rebels.

The newspaper correspondents on the spot combined and sent a joint telegram declaring that the situation is not "well in hand," that the insurgents' tenacity of purpose has been under-estimated, and that it is not true that the volunteers are willing to serve a further period. Further, the joint telegram states that the censorship has mutilated statements of facts because, in General Otis's words, "they would alarm the people at home," and "would set the American people by the ears." The telegram was shown to General Qtis.

An officer, too, writes from the Philippines that the strain is telling on men in one volunteer regiment to such an extent that only forty-five per cent. are fit for duty. At least 100,000 men are, he says, needed. It is impossible to starve out the natives, as the islands are too productive. The writer warns his wife not to believe the newspaper accounts, as General Otis will not allow the facts to be cabled. The American troops are forced to act on the defensive on account of the large number of insurgents in the immediate front. The Filipinos are past masters of the art of entrenchment, he says, but have no staying qualities, and are unable to stand artillery fire. Meanwhile the Government Authorities seem determined to persevere. Mr. Elihu Root, the new Secretary for War, in an interview on the 8th of August, declared that the war in the Philippines would henceforth be prosecuted with all possible energy. Fifty thousand men were there ready for active service about the end of October, and he would send more if necessary.

The next day the American forces resumed the aggressive on the north. General McArthur's entire force, numbering 5,000 men, excepting 600 who were left to guard San Fernando, started early in the morning against the main insurgent army. The advance was steady but extremely difficult owing to the mud, water, and intense heat. There was fighting along the whole front, but the enemy's resistance did not prove strong at any one point. They gradually fell back to Calulut, which was soon captured. The Americans continued their advance towards Angeles, and westwards towards Porac. Their casualties were about 40. The insurgents' loss is reported heavy.

The Advocate of Peace (Boston) says, "If recent reports are true, our Government has decided to enter upon what in anybody else we should despise as low and dishonourable bribery. The Sultan of Sulu is to be brought into friendliness by a gift of ten thousand dollars, and an annual allowance thereafter of some twelve thousand dollars, to support himself and his harem! One wonders what the next step in the nation's shame will be! But one must keep his mouth shut and his pen still about all this, as well as about the fundamental injustice at the bottom of the whole sad Philippine business, or be outlawed as a traitor to his country by supporters of the policy of crushing and conquest ! Under the circumstances, the time for silent acquiescence has not come; the time for vigorous and persistent opposition has only just begun."

THE NOBEL LEGACY.

M. ULLMANN, the President of the Norwegian Storthing, delivered a speech before the Inter-Parliamentary Peace Conference recently held at Christiania, in which he explained the arrangements that were intended to be made for the distribution of the prizes appointed by the will of the late Alfred Nobel.

In order, he said, to ensure the attendance of persons competent to decide on the award of the annual prizes in the first four divisions (Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature), there would be founded at Christiania four purely scientific "Nobel Institutes," where learned men of every country would find the resources necessary for their special studies. There would be allotted to each of these four institutes 300,000 crowns (£16,666) for the cost of foundation, and, in addition, 50,000 crowns per annum (£2,777) for current expenses, the remainder of the annual income for each of them, or about 150,000 crowns (£8,333) to be awarded according to the strict intentions of the testator.

The same would be the case for the fifth share, referring to the work of Peace among the nations, Disarmament and the Brotherhood of Peoples. There would be founded at Christiania a fifth "Nobel Institute," endowed like the other four, and constituting a central establishment for scientific studies and the development of International Law.

Learned men of all nationalities would thus have an opportunity of making researches, writing books and giving courses of lectures, free from pecuniary anxieties, without departure from the plan which the generous donor devised in favour of those who, in the preceding year, have rendered the greatest services to humanity. The first distribution of the Nobel Prize will take place on the 10th December, 1901, the anniversary of the death of the donor, and on that occasion he who, in the preceding years, has contri

buted most to the Peace work will obtain, on the award of the five Delegates of the Storthing, the prize of about 150,000 crowns (£8,333), with a diploma and a gold medal ornamented with the portrait of the testator.

This solution of a most difficult practical problem strikes us as eminently wise and statesmanlike.

OBITUARY.

DEATH OF MR. WILLIAM JONES.

on

WE regret to announce the death of Mr. William Jones, of Sunderland, the successor of the late Mr. Henry Richard, M.P., in the secretaryship of the Peace Society, who died suddenly or July 28th, aged 73 years. He was a Welshman by birth, and was one of the most widely known and highly esteemed members of the Society of Friends. During the Franco-German war he was a special commissioner for the distribution of food, seedcorn, agricultural instruments and stock amongst the impoverished French victims of the war; in company with Dr. Spence Watson and Mr. Thomas Whitwell, he visited the districts in which the fighting had taken place, and he was permitted to enter Metz with the German army. In 1876 and 1877 he undertook a similar mission to the victims of the Russo-Turkish war, and underwent many perils and hardships in Bulgaria and other parts of Turkey. Mr. Jones travelled in various parts of the world, and delivered addresses on "International Arbitration and Peace," and he met and talked with many eminent men, including John Bright, Cardinal Manning, Cardinal Antonelli, President Cleveland, and Li Hung Chang. He saw Italy, Australia, America, New Zealand, Ceylon, China, and Japan, and was in Paris at the time of the Commune. He was the author of "Quaker Campaigns in Peace and War," which was published only a short time before his death. At Midsummer 1885, on the retirement of Mr. Henry Richard, he succeeded him in the Secretariat, and continued in that post until Mr. Richard's death in 1888.

The Committee at their last meeting adopted the following resolution "The Committee of the Peace Society have heard with deep sorrow of the death of their esteemed friend and former colleague Mr. William Jones, of Sunderland. They recall with much appreciation his life of Christian usefulness and consistency, and beg to offer to his sorrowing wife and family their sincere sympathy and condolence."

SIR PHILIP MANFIELD.

Another member of the Society has passed away in the person of Sir Philip Manfield, who represented Northampton in the House of Commons, with Mr. Labouchere, from the death of Mr. Bradlaugh in 1891 until 1895, when he retired, and who died at Northampton on July 31st at the age of 80. He was the head of the shoe-manufacturing firm of Manfield and Sons, and was mainly responsible for the introduction of Arbitration in the settlement of disputes in the shoe trade. He settled the Bristol dispute in 1890, and since then had been chosen by the men as the representative to settle intricate wage questions. Sir Philip Manfield was a member of the Northampton Town Council for twenty-two years, and was mayor in 1884. He was extremely generous, especially to his workpeople, many of whom, when too old for work, received pensions for life; and he presented a handsome church to the Northampton Unitarians, of which body he was a member. In 1894 he was knighted.

AGENTS AND AUXILIARIES.
BIRMINGHAM AUXILIARY.

THE Rev. J. J. Ellis reports Meetings as follows:Sunday, July 16th, WILNECOTE, in the Congregational Church, a Sermon on "Wisdom and War."

Sunday, July 23rd, WARWICK, in the Congregational Church, Mr. Ellis presided at a Meeting of the P.S.A. Brotherhood, and spoke on the "Peace Conference." In the evening he gave an Address on "Material and Moral Forces."

Sunday, August 6th, at MOSELEY, in the Presbyterian Church, an Address on "Two Types of Warriors."

"A WET sheet and a flowing sea, and a wind that follows fast" this, according to the old nautical ballad, is the ideal weather for the sailor. But in these more modern days of steam the less wind, unless it be dead aft, and the less sea, the better for progress. We have had an ideal voyage-a full ship, agreeable company, and scarcely a capful of wind the whole way. Even in crossing the Banks we had fine clear weather, and it was only on the last afternoon, when we had fortunately taken the pilot on board, that the fog became so dense that it was impossible to enter the harbour, and the good ship "New England," of the Dominion Line, as staunch and steady a craft as ever crossed the ocean, dropped anchor somewhere in the neighbourhood of Boston Light. At midnight, when the weather became clear, it was interesting to find how far shorewards we had crept in the fog, and how we were surrounded, or so it seemed, by the harbour lights of Boston. Next morning we were summoned early to breakfast, and found that we were already under weigh. It was not before 10 o'clock, however, that we had passed the Customs, and our "lawyer's party" had separated to meet again at-Buffalo. This party consisted of Justice Kennedy and his son, Mr. Joseph Walton, Q.C., and his son, Mr. T. G. Carver, Q.C., and his wife, Mr. Scott and his wife, Mr. Bell White and Mr. Fearnside, Mr. Cox, Mr. J. G. Alexander and Mr. G. G. Phillimore, Mr. A. Scott (assistant secretary), Mr. A. F. Morgan, F.R.G.S., and Miss Sophia Morgan, delegates of the Peace Society, and its Secretary.

THE MYSTIC MEETINGS.

On meeting Dr. Trueblood soon after landing, I learnt that the friends at Mystic, then in session, were impatient for my coming, and he urged my leaving by the first train. This was done, Dr. Trueblood telegraphing my arrival. I reached the Grove at the close of the afternoon sitting. Six years ago I left the

[PRICE 1d.

opening session of the Mystic Meetings to catch the boat for Europe, at New York, and now it seemed as if I had come back to the close of the same session, save that the gathering was larger-there were at least 5,000 people in the Grove-the weather was finer-we held our former meeting in the tail of a cyclone-and the new auditorium gave quite a different appearance to the near scene, that from the bluff, looking out over the valley of the Mystic River, being beautiful as evermore so than when I had seen it before, for now it was glorified by sunshine, then it was hidden by the grey shroud of rain.

The Mystic Peace Meetings partake somewhat of the nature of a Camp Meeting-an institution very popular in America. They have been held for many years, formerly on a wooded hillock farther inland, but for some years now in "the Peace Grove which has been purchased by the Universal Peace Union. From the top of the hill there is a beautiful view of the harbour, the islands, and, far out to the north of Long Island, of the great Atlantic. The whole neighbourhood is picturesque and historic, forming the scene of various noted conflicts between the early settlers and the Indians-one of which is commemorated by a monument on the hillside.

In this charming spot the thirty-third Anniversary of the Universal Peace Union had been opened two days earlier (August 23rd), under the Presidency of Mr. Alfred H. Love, of Philadelphia. On the first day the principal speakers were: Bolton Hall, of New York, on the "Basis of Peace," Rev. H. L. Hastings and Rev. Scott F. Hersley, Ph.D., both of Boston, at the morning meeting; and in the afternoon Dr. B. F. Trueblood, who gave an address on "The Hague Conference, its Significance and its Results," which was much appreciated and talked about. At its close, the Shaker Choir sang an anthem, "Love Divine."

The interest of the meetings gathered force on the second day, when addresses were given full of uncompromising opposition to the imperialistic policy of President McKinley. The climax was, however, reached on the third day, when in the morning session Gamaliel Bradford, of Boston, spoke on "The Imperialistic Outrage," and in the afternoon, William Lloyd Garrison read a paper on "Imperialism." It was shortly after this speech that I reached the Grove. David Ferris, of Wilmington, was reading a paper on the same lines in condemnation of the Government policy. He was followed by the Rev. Mr. Wheaton, Baptist Minister of Mystic, who gave an excellent